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St. Prisca
She was a martyr of the Roman Church, whose dates are unknown. The name
Prisca or Priscilla is often mentioned by early authorities of the history of
the Church of Rome. The wife of Aquila, the pupil of St. Paul, bore this name.
The grave of a martyr Prisca was venerated in the Roman Catacomb of Priscilla on
the Via Salaria. The place of interment is explicitly mentioned in all the
seventh-century itineraries to the graves of the Roman martyrs (De Rossi, Roma
sotterranea
, I, 176, 177). The epitaph of a Roman Christian named Priscilla was
found in the larger Catacomb
, the Coemeterium maius, on the Via Nomentana, not
far from the Catacomb of St. Agnes [De Rossi, Bull. di arch. crist. (1888-1889),
130, note 5]. There still exists on the Aventine a church of St. Prisca. It
stands on the site of a very early title church, the Titulus Priscoe, mentioned
in the fifth century and built probably in the fourth. In the eighteenth century
there was found near this church a bronze tablet with an inscription of the year
224, by which a senator named Caius Marius Pudens Cornelianus was granted
citizenship in a Spanish city. As such tablets were generally put up in the
house of the person so honoured, it is possible that the senator's palace stood
on the spot where the church was built later. The assumption is probable that
the Prisca who founded this title church, or who, perhaps as early as the third
century, gave the use of a part of the house standing there for the Christian
church services, belonged to the family of Pudens Cornelianus. Whether the
martyr buried in the Catacomb of Priscilla belonged to the same family or was
identical with the founder of the title church cannot be proved. Still some
family relationship is probable, because the name Priscilla appears also in the
senatorial family of the Acilii Glabriones, whose burial-place was in the
Catacomb of Priscilla on the Via Salaria. The Martyrologium Hieronymianum
mentions under 18 January a martyr Priscilla on the Via Salaria (ed. De
Rossi-Duchesne, 10). This Priscilla is evidently identical with the Prisca whose
grave was in the Catacomb of Priscilla and who is mentioned in the itineraries
of the seventh century. Later legendary traditions identified the founder of the
Titulus Priscoe with St. Paul's friend, Priscilla, whose home would have
occupied the spot on which the church was later erected. It was from here that
St. Paul sent a greeting in his Epistle to the Romans. Another legend relates
the martyrdom of a Prisca who was beheaded at the tenth milestone on the Via
Ostiensis, and whose body Pope Eutychianus is said to have translated to the
church of Prisca on the Aventine. The whole narrative is unhistorical and its
details impossible. As 18 January is also assigned as the day of the execution
of this Priscilla, she is probably the same as the Roman martyr buried in the
Catacomb of Priscilla. Her feast is observed on 18 January.
Acta SS., January, II, 184 sqq.; DUFOURCQ, Les Gesta martyrum romains, I (Paris, 1900), 169 sq.; GORRES, D. Martyrium d. hl. Prisca in Jahrbuch fur protest. Theologie (1892), 108 sq.; CARINI, Sul titolo presbiterale di S. Prisca (Palermo, 1885); DE ROSSI, Della casa d'Aquila e Prisca sull' Aventino in Bull. d'arch. crist. (1867), 44 sq.; IDEM, Aquila e Prisca e gli Acilii Glabriones, ibid. (1888-9), 128 sq.; MARUCCHI, Les basiliques et eglises de Rome (2nd ed., Rome, 1909), 180 sq.; BUTLER, Lives of the Saints, January, I, 83.
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