{1*I*N*D*I*K*A. [1*E*P*I*T*O*M*H.]1}1 @&Diodorus II, 35$%10 *(H TOI/NUN *)INDIKH\ TETRA/PLEUROS OU)=SA TW=| SXH/MATI, TH\N ME\N PRO\S A)NATOLA\S NEU/OUSAN PLEURA\N KAI\ TH\N PRO\S TH\N MESHMBRI/AN H( MEGA/LH PE-RIE/XEI QA/LATTA, TH\N DE\ PRO\S TA\S A)/RKTOUS TO\ *)HMWDO\N O)/ROS DIEI/RGEI TH=S *SKUQI/AS, H(\N KATOIKOU=SI TW=N *SKUQW=N OI( PROSAGOREUO/MENOI *SA/KAI: TH\N DE\ TETA/RTHN TH\N PRO\S DU/SIN E)STRAMME/NHN DIEI/LHFEN O( *)INDO\S PROSAGOREUO/MENOS POTAMO\S, ME/GISTOS W)\N SXEDO\N TW=N A(PA/NTWN META\ TO\N *NEI=LON. [1&`2$]1 *TO\ DE\ ME/GEQOS TH=S O(/LHS *)INDIKH=S FASIN U(PA/R-XEIN A)PO\ ME\N A)NATOLW=N PRO\S DU/SIN DISMURI/WN O)KTAKIS-XILI/WN STADI/WN, A)PO\ DE\ TW=N A)/RKTWN PRO\S MESHMBRI/AN TRISMURI/WN DISXILI/WN. *THLIKAU/TH DE\ OU)=SA TO\ ME/GEQOS DOKEI= MA/LISTA TOU= KO/SMOU PERIE/XEIN TO\N TW=N QERI-NW=N TROPW=N KU/KLON, KAI\ POLLAXH=| ME\N E)P' A)/KRAS TH=S *)INDIKH=S I)DEI=N E)/STIN A)SKI/OUS O)/NTAS TOU\S GNW/MONAS, NUKTO\S DE\ TA\S A)/RKTOUS A)QEWRH/TOUS: E)N DE\ TOI=S E)SXA/-TOIS OU)D' AU)TO\N TO\N A)RKTOU=RON FAI/NESQAI: KAQ' O(\N DH\ TRO/PON FASI\ KAI\ TA\S SKIA\S KEKLI/SQAI PRO\S MESHM-BRI/AN. @&`3.$ *(H D' OU)=N *)INDIKH\ POLLA\ ME\N O)/RH KAI\ MEGA/LA E)/XEI DE/NDRESI PANTODAPOI=S KARPI/MOIS PLHQU/ONTA, POLLA\ DE\ PEDI/A KAI\ MEGA/LA KARPOFO/RA, TW=| ME\N KA/LLEI DIA/FORA, POTAMW=N DE\ PLH/QESI DIAIROU/MENA. *TA\ POLLA\ DE\ TH=S XW/RAS A)RDEU/ETAI, KAI\ DIA\ TOU=TO DITTOU\S E)/XEI TOU\S KAT' E)/TOS KARPOU/S: ZW/|WN TE PANTODAPW=N GE/MEI DIAFO/RWN TOI=S MEGE/QESI KAI\ TAI=S A)LKAI=S, TW=N ME\N XERSAI/WN, TW=N DE\ KAI\ PTHNW=N. [1&`4$]1 *KAI\ PLEI/STOUS DE\ KAI\ MEGI/STOUS E)LE/FANTAS E)KTRE/FEI, XORHGOU=SA TA\S TROFA\S A)FQO/NWS, DI' A(\S TAI=S R(W/MAIS TA\ QHRI/A TAU=TA POLU\ PROE/XEI TW=N KATA\ TH\N *LIBU/HN GENNWME/NWN: DIO\ KAI\ POLLW=N QHREUO-ME/NWN U(PO\ TW=N *)INDW=N KAI\ PRO\S TOU\S POLEMIKOU\S A)GW=NAS KATASKEUAZOME/NWN MEGA/LAS SUMBAI/NEI GI/NESQAI R(OPA\S PRO\S TH\N NI/KHN. @&XXXVI. &`5.$ *(OMOI/WS DE\ KAI\ TOU\S A)NQRW/POUS H( PO-LUKARPI/A TRE/FOUSA TOI=S TE A)NASTH/MASI TW=N SWMA/-TWN KAI\ TOI=S O)/GKOIS U(PERFE/RONTAS KATASKEUA/ZEI: EI)=NAI DE\ AU)TOU\S SUMBAI/NEI KAI\ PRO\S TA\S TE/XNAS E)PISTH/-MONAS, W(S A)\N A)E/RA ME\N E(/LKONTAS KAQARO\N, U(/DWR DE\ LE-PTOMERE/STATON PI/NONTAS. [1&`6$]1 *(H DE\ GH=| PA/MFOROS OU)=SA TOI=S H(ME/ROIS KARPOI=S E)/XEI KAI\ FLE/BAS KATAGEI/OUS POLLW=N KAI\ PANTODAPW=N META/LLWN: GI/NETAI GA\R E)N AU)TH=| POLU\S ME\N A)/RGUROS KAI\ XRUSO\S, OU)K O)LI/GOS DE\ XALKO\S KAI\ SI/-DHROS, E)/TI DE\ KATTI/TEROS KAI\ TA)/LLA TA\ PRO\S KO/SMON TE KAI\ XREI/AN KAI\ POLEMIKH\N PARASKEUH\N A)NH/KONTA. [1&`7$]1 *XWRI\S DE\ TW=N DHMHTRIAKW=N KARPW=N FU/ETAI KATA\ TH\N *)INDIKH\N POLLH\ ME\N KE/GXROS, A)RDEUOME/NH TH=| TW=N POTAMI/WN NAMA/TWN DAYILEI/A|, POLU\ DE\ O)/SPRION KAI\ DIA/-FORON, E)/TI DE\ O)/RUZA KAI\ TO\ PROSAGOREUO/MENON BO/SPORON, KAI\ META\ TAU=T' A)/LLA POLLA\ TW=N PRO\S DIATROFH\N XRH-SI/MWN: KAI\ TOU/TWN TA\ POLLA\ U(PA/RXEI AU)TOFUH=: OU)K O)LI/GOUS DE\ KAI\ A)/LLOUS E)DWDI/MOUS KARPOU\S FE/REI DUNA-ME/NOUS TRE/FEIN ZW=|A, PERI\ W(=N MAKRO\N A)\N EI)/H GRA/FEIN. [1&`8$]1 *DIO\ KAI/ FASI MHDE/POTE TH\N *)INDIKH\N E)PISXEI=N LIMO\N H)\ KAQO/LOU SPA/NIN TW=N PRO\S TROFH\N H(/MERON A)NHKO/NTWN. *DITTW=N GA\R O)/MBRWN E)N AU)TH=| GINOME/NWN KAQ' E(/KASTON E)/TOS, TOU= ME\N XEIMERINOU=, KAQA\ PARA\ TOI=S A)/LLOIS O( SPO/-ROS TW=N PURI/NWN GI/NETAI KARPW=N, TOU= D' E(TE/ROU KATA\ TH\N QERINH\N TROPH\N, KAQ' H(\N SPEI/RESQAI SUMBAI/NEI TH\N O)/RUZAN KAI\ TO\ BO/SPORON, E)/TI DE\ SH/SAMON KAI\ KE/GXRON, KATA\ [DE\] TO\ PLEI=STON A)MFOTE/ROIS TOI=S KARPOI=S OI( KATA\ @1 TH\N *)INDIKH\N E)PITUGXA/NOUSI: PA/NTWN DE\ [1MH\]1 TELESFO-ROUME/NWN, QATE/ROU TW=N KARPW=N OU)K A)POTUGXA/NOUSIN. [1&`9$]1 *OI(/ TE AU)TOMATI/ZONTES KARPOI\ KAI\ AI( KATA\ TOU\S E(LW/-DEIS TO/POUS FUO/MENAI R(I/ZAI DIA/FOROI TAI=S GLUKU/THSIN OU)=SAI POLLH\N PARE/XONTAI TOI=S A)NQRW/POIS DAYI/LEIAN: PA/NTA GA\R SXEDO\N TA\ KATA\ TH\N XW/RAN PEDI/A GLUKEI=AN E)/XEI TH\N A)PO\ TW=N POTAMW=N I)KMA/DA KAI\ TH\N A)PO\ TW=N E)N TW=| QE/REI [GINOME/NWN] KAT' E)NIAUTO\N KUKLIKH=| TINI PE-RIO/DW| PARADO/CWS EI)WQO/TWN GI/NESQAI DAYI/LEIAN, XLIARW=N PIPTO/NTWN U(DA/TWN E)K TOU= PERIE/XONTOS A)E/ROS, KAI\ TA\S E)N TOI=S E(/LESI R(I/ZAS E(/YONTOS TOU= KAU/MATOS, KAI\ MA/LISTA TW=N MEGA/LWN KALA/MWN. [1&`10$]1 *SUMBA/LLONTAI DE\ PARA\ TOI=S *)INDOI=S KAI\ TA\ NO/MIMA PRO\S TO\ MHDE/POTE E)/NDEIAN TROFH=S PAR' AU)TOI=S EI)=NAI: PARA\ ME\N GA\R TOI=S A)/LLOIS A)NQRW/POIS OI( POLE/MIOI KATAFQEI/RONTES TH\N XW/RAN A)GEW/RGHTON KATASKEUA/ZOUSI: PARA\ DE\ TOU/TOIS TW=N GEWR-GW=N I(ERW=N KAI\ A)SU/LWN E)WME/NWN, OI( PLHSI/ON TW=N PARA-TA/CEWN GEWRGOU=NTES A)NEPAI/SQHTOI TW=N KINDU/NWN EI)SI/N. *)AMFO/TEROI GA\R OI( POLEMOU=NTES A)LLH/LOUS ME\N A)POKTEI/-NOUSIN E)N TAI=S MA/XAIS, TOU\S DE\ PERI\ TH\N GEWRGI/AN O)/NTAS E)W=SIN A)BLABEI=S, W(S KOINOU\S O)/NTAS A(PA/NTWN EU)ERGE/TAS, TA/S TE XW/RAS TW=N A)NTIPOLEMOU/NTWN OU)/T' E)MPURI/ZOUSIN OU)/TE DENDROTOMOU=SIN. @&XXXVII. 11$. *)/EXEI DE\ KAI\ POTAMOU\S H( XW/RA TW=N *)INDW=N POLLOU\S KAI\ MEGA/LOUS PLWTOU\S, OI(\ TA\S PHGA\S E)/XONTES E)N TOI=S O)/RESI TOI=S PRO\S TA\S A)/RKTOUS KEKLIME/NOIS FE/RONTAI DIA\ TH=S PEDIA/DOS, W(=N OU)K O)LI/GOI SUMMI/SGONTES A)LLH/LOIS E)MBA/LLOUSIN EI)S POTAMO\N TO\N O)NOMAZO/MENON *GA/GGHN. [1&`12$]1 *OU(=TOS DE\ TO\ PLA/TOS GENO/MENOS STADI/WN TRIA/KONTA FE/RETAI ME\N A)PO\ TH=S A)/RKTOU PRO\S MESHM-BRI/AN, E)CEREU/GETAI DE\ EI)S TO\N *)WKEANO/N, A)POLAMBA/NWN EI)S TO\ PRO\S E(/W ME/ROS TO\ E)/QNOS TO\ TW=N *GANDARIDW=N [1*GAG-GARIDW=N%1]1, PLEI/STOUS E)/XON KAI\ MEGI/STOUS E)LE/FANTAS. [1&`13$]1 *DIO\ KAI\ TH=S XW/RAS TAU/THS OU)DEI\S PW/POTE BASILEU\S E)/PHLUS E)KRA/THSE, PA/NTWN TW=N A)LLOEQNW=N FOBOUME/NWN TO\ PLH=QOS KAI\ TH\N A)LKH\N TW=N QHRI/WN. *KAI\ GA\R *)ALE/-CANDROS O( *MAKEDW\N A(PA/SHS TH=S *)ASI/AS KRATH/SAS MO/-NOUS TOU\S *GANDARI/DAS OU)K E)POLE/MHSE: KATANTH/SAS GA\R E)PI\ TO\N *GA/GGHN POTAMO\N META\ PA/SHS TH=S DUNA/MEWS, KAI\ TOU\S A)/LLOUS *)INDOU\S KATAPOLEMH/SAS, W(S E)PU/QETO TOU\S *GANDARI/DAS E)/XEIN TETRAKISXILI/OUS E)LE/FANTAS PO-LEMIKW=S KEKOSMHME/NOU, A)PE/GNW TH\N E)P' AU)TOU\S STRA-TEI/AN. [1&`14$]1 *(O DE\ PARAPLH/SIOS TW=| *GA/GGH| POTAMO\S, PROSAGOREUO/MENOS DE\ *)INDO\S, A)/RXETAI ME\N O(MOI/WS A)PO\ TW=N A)/RKTWN, E)MBA/LLWN DE\ EI)S TO\N *)WKEANO\N A)FORI/ZEI TH\N *)INDIKH/N: POLLH\N DE\ DIECIW\N PEDIA/DA XW/RAN DE/XE-TAI POTAMOU\S OU)K O)LI/GOUS PLWTOU\S, E)PIFANESTA/TOUS DE\ *(/UPANIN KAI\ *(UDA/SPHN KAI\ *)AKESI=NON. [1&`15$]1 *XWRI\S DE\ TOU/TWN A)/LLO PLH=QOS POTAMW=N PANTODAPW=N DIARREI=, KAI\ POIEI= KATA/FUTON POLLOI=S KHPEU/MASI KAI\ KARPOI=S PANTODAPOI=S TH\N XW/RAN. [1&`16$]1 *TOU= DE\ KATA\ TOU\S POTA-MOU\S PLH/QOUS KAI\ TH=S TW=N U(DA/TWN U(PERBOLH=S AI)TI/AN FE/ROUSIN OI( PAR' AU)TOI=S FILO/SOFOI KAI\ FUSIKOI\ TOIAU/THN: TH=S *)INDIKH=S FASI TA\S PERIKEIME/NAS XW/RAS, TH/N TE *SKUQW=N KAI\ *BAKTRIANW=N, E)/TI DE\ KAI\ TW=N *)ARIANW=N, U(YHLOTE/RAS EI)=NAI TH=S *)INDIKH=S: W(/STE EU)LO/GWS EI)S TH\N U(POKEIME/NHN XW/RAN PANTAXO/QEN SURREOU/SAS TA\S LIBA/-DAS E)K TOU= KAT' O)LI/GON POIEI=N TOU\S TO/POUS KAQU/GROUS KAI\ GENNA=N POTAMW=N PLH=QOS. [1&`17$]1 *)/IDION DE/ TI SUM-BAI/NEI PERI/ TINA TW=N KATA\ TH\N *)INDIKH\N POTAMW=N TO\N @1 O)NOMAZO/MENON *SI/LLAN, R(E/ONTA DE\ E)/K TINOS O(MWNU/MOU KRH/NHS: E)PI\ GA\R TOU/TOU MO/NOU TW=N A(PA/NTWN POTAMW=N OU)DE\N TW=N E)MBALLOME/NWN EI)S AU)TO\N E)PIPLEI=, PA/NTA D' EI)S TO\N BUQO\N KATADU/ETAI PARADO/CWS. @&XXXVIII. 18$. *TH\N D' O(/LHN *)INDIKH\N OU)=SAN U(PERME-GE/QH LE/GETAI KATOIKEI=N E)/QNH POLLA\ KAI\ PANTODAPA\, KAI\ TOU/TWN MHDE\N E)/XEIN TH\N E)C A)RXH=S GE/NESIN E)/PHLUN, A)LLA\ PA/NTA DOKEI=N U(PA/RXEIN AU)TO/XQONA, PRO\S DE\ TOU/TOIS MH/TE CENIKH\N A)POIKI/AN PROSDE/XESQAI PW/POTE MH/TE EI)S A)/LLO E)/QNOS A)PESTALKE/NAI. [1&`19$]1 *MUQOLOGOU=SI DE\ TOU\S A)RXAIOTA/TOUS A)NQRW/POUS TROFAI=S ME\N KEXRH=SQAI TOI=S AU)TOMA/TWS FUOME/NOIS E)K TH=S GH=S KARPOI=S, E)SQH=SI DE\ TAI=S DORAI=S TW=N E)GXWRI/WN ZW/|WN, KAQA/PER KAI\ PAR' *(/ELLHSIN: O(MOI/WS DE\ KAI\ TW=N TEXNW=N TA\S EU(RE/SEIS KAI\ TW=N A)/LLWN TW=N PRO\S BI/ON XRHSI/MWN E)K TOU= KAT' O)LI/GON GENE/SQAI, TH=S XREI/AS AU)TH=S U(FHGOUME/NHS EU)FUEI= ZW/|W| KAI\ SUNERGOU\S E)/XONTI PRO\S A(/PANTA XEI=RAS KAI\ LO/GON KAI\ YUXH=S A)GXI/NOIAN. @&`20$. *MUQOLOGOU=SI DE\ PARA\ TOI=S *)INDOI=S OI( LOGIW/TATOI PERI\ W(=N KAQH=KON A)\N EI)/H SUNTO/MWS: DIELQEI=N. *FASI\ GA\R E)N TOI=S A)RXAIOTA/TOIS XRO/NOIS, PAR' AU)TOI=S E)/TI TW=N A)NQRW/PWN KWMHDO\N OI)KOU/NTWN, PARAGENE/SQAI TO\N *DIO/NUSON E)K TW=N PRO\S E(SPE/RAS TO/PWN E)/XONTA DU/NAMIN A)CIO/LOGON: E)PELQEI=N DE\ TH\N *)INDIKH\N A(/PASAN, MHDEMIA=S OU)/SHS A)CIOLO/GOU PO/LEWS TH=S DUNAME/NHS A)NTITA/CASQAI. [1&`21$]1 *)EPIGENOME/NWN DE\ KAUMA/TWN MEGA/LWN, KAI\ TW=N TOU= *DIONU/SOU STRATIWTW=N LOIMIKH=| NO/SW| DIAFQEIROME/NWN, SUNE/SEI DIAFE/RONTA TO\N H(GEMO/NA TOU=TON A)PAGAGEI=N TO\ STRATO/PEDON E)K TW=N PEDINW=N TO/PWN EI)S TH\N O)REINH/N: E)NTAU=QA DE\ PNEO/NTWN YUXRW=N A)NE/MWN KAI\ TW=N NAMA-TIAI/WN U(DA/TWN KAQARW=N R(EO/NTWN PRO\S AU)TAI=S TAI=S PH-GAI=S, A)PALLAGH=NAI TH=S NO/SOU TO\ STRATO/PEDON: O)NOMA/-ZESQAI DE\ TH=S O)REINH=S TO\N TO/PON TOU=TON *MHRO\N, KAQ' O(\N O( *DIO/NUSOS E)CE/TREYE TA\S DUNA/MEIS E)K TH=S NO/SOU: A)F' OU(= DH\ KAI\ TOU\S *(/ELLHNAS PERI\ TOU= QEOU= TOU/TOU PARADEDW-KE/NAI TOI=S METAGENESTE/ROIS TETRA/FQAI TO\N *DIO/NUSON E)N MHRW=|. [1&`22$]1 *META\ DE\ TAU=TA TH=S PARAQE/SEWS TW=N KAR-PW=N E)PIMELHQE/NTA METADIDO/NAI TOI=S *)INDOI=S, KAI\ TH\N EU(/RESIN TOU= OI)/NOU KAI\ TW=N A)/LLWN TW=N EI)S TO\N BI/ON XRH-SI/MWN PARADOU=NAI. *PRO\S DE\ TOU/TOIS PO/LEW/N TE A)CIOLO/-GWN GENHQH=NAI KTI/STHN, METAGAGO/NTA TA\S KW/MAS EI)S TOU\S EU)QE/TOUS TO/POUS, TIMA=N TE KATADEI=CAI TO\ QEI=ON KAI\ NO/MOUS EI)SHGH/SASQAI KAI\ DIKASTH/RIA, KAQO/LOU DE\ POL-LW=N KAI\ KALW=N E)/RGWN EI)SHGHTH\N GENO/MENON QEO\N NOMI-SQH=NAI KAI\ TUXEI=N A)QANA/TWN TIMW=N. [1&`23$]1 *(ISTOROU=SI D' AU)TO\N KAI\ GUNAIKW=N PLH=QOS META\ TOU= STRATOPE/DOU PERIA/GESQAI, KAI\ KATA\ TA\S E)N TOI=S POLE/MOIS PARATA/CEIS TUMPA/NOIS KAI\ KUMBA/LOIS KEXRH=SQAI, MH/PW SA/LPIGGOS EU(RHME/NHS. *BASILEU/SANTA DE\ PA/SHS TH=S *)INDIKH=S E)/TH DU/O PRO\S TOI=S PENTH/KONTA GH/RA| TELEUTH=SAI: DIADECAME/-NOUS DE\ TOU\S UI(OU\S AU)TOU= TH\N H(GEMONI/AN A)EI\ TOI=S A)F' E(AUTW=N A)POLIPEI=N TH\N A)RXH/N: TO\ DE\ TELEUTAI=ON POL-LAI=S GENEAI=S U(/STERON KATALUQEI/SHS TH=S H(GEMONI/AS DH-MOKRATHQH=NAI TA\S PO/LEIS. @&XXXIX. 24$. *PERI\ ME\N OU)=N TOU= *DIONU/SOU KAI\ TW=N A)POGO/NWN AU)TOU= TOIAU=TA MUQOLOGOU=SIN OI( TH\N O)REINH\N TH=S *)INDIKH=S KATOIKOU=NTES. *TO/N TE *(HRAKLE/A FASI\ PAR' AU(TOI=S GEGENH=SQAI, KAI\ PARAPLHSI/WS TOI=S *(/ELLHSI TO/ TE R(O/PALON KAI\ TH\N LEONTH=N AU)TW=| PROSA/PTOUSI: TH=| DE\ TOU= SW/MATOS R(W/MH| KAI\ A)LKH=| POLLW=| TW=N A)/LLWN A)N-QRW/PWN DIENEGKEI=N, KAI\ KAQARA\N POIH=SAI TW=N QHRI/WN GH=N TE KAI\ QA/LATTAN. [1&`25$]1 *GAMH/SANTA DE\ PLEI/OUS GU- @1NAI=KAS, UI(OU\S ME\N POLLOU\S, QUGATE/RA DE\ MI/AN GENNH=-SAI: KAI\ TOU/TWN E)NHLI/KWN GENOME/NWN, PA=SAN TH\N *)INDIKH\N DIELO/MENON EI)S I)/SAS TOI=S TE/KNOIS MERI/DAS A(/PAN-TAS TOU\S UI(OU\S A)PODEI=CAI BASILE/AS, MI/AN DE\ QUGATE/RA QRE/YANTA KAI\ TAU/THN BASI/LISSAN A)PODEI=CAI. [1&`26$]1 *KTI/-STHN TE PO/LEWN OU)K O)LI/GWN GENE/SQAI, KAI\ TOU/TWN TH\N E)PIFANESTA/THN KAI\ MEGI/STHN PROSAGOREU=SAI *PALI/-BOQRA: KATASKEUA/SAI D' E)N AU)TH=| KAI\ BASI/LEIA POLU-TELH= KAI\ PLH=QOS OI)KHTO/RWN KAQIDRU=SAI: TH/N TE PO/LIN O)XURW=SAI TA/FROIS A)CIOLO/GOIS POTAMI/OIS U(/DASI PLHROU-ME/NAIS. [1&`27$]1 *KAI\ TO\N ME\N *(HRAKLE/A TH\N E)C A)NQRW/PWN META/STASIN POIHSA/MENON A)QANA/TOU TUXEI=N TIMH=S: TOU\S D' A)POGO/NOUS AU)TOU= BASILEU/SANTAS E)PI\ POLLA\S GENEA\S KAI\ PRA/CEIS A)CIOLO/GOUS METAXEIRISAME/NOUS MH/TE STRA-TEI/AN U(PERO/RION POIH/SASQAI, MH/TE A)POIKI/AN EI)S A)/LLO E)/QNOS A)POSTEI=LAI. *(/USTERON DE\ POLLOI=S E)/TESI TA\S PLEI/-STAS ME\N TW=N PO/LEWN DHMOKRATHQH=NAI, TINW=N DE\ E)QNW=N TA\S BASILEI/AS DIAMEI=NAI ME/XRI TH=S *)ALECA/NDROU DIABA/-SEWS. [1&`28$]1 *NOMI/MWN D' O)/NTWN PARA\ TOI=S *)INDOI=S E)NI/WN E)CHLLAGME/NWN QAUMASIW/TATON A)/N TIS H(GH/SAITO TO\ KA-TADEIXQE\N U(PO\ TW=N A)RXAI/WN PAR' AU)TOI=S FILOSO/FWN: NENOMOQE/THTAI GA\R PAR' AU)TOI=S DOU=LON MHDE/NA TO\ PA-RA/PAN EI)=NAI, E)LEUQE/ROUS D' U(PA/RXONTAS TH\N I)SO/THTA TIMA=N E)N PA=SI. *TOU\S GA\R MAQO/NTAS MH/Q' U(PERE/XEIN MH/Q' U(POPI/PTEIN A)/LLOIS KRA/TISTON E(/CEIN BI/ON PRO\S A(PA/SAS TA\S PERISTA/SEIS: EU)/HQES GA\R EI)=NAI NO/MOUS ME\N E)P' I)/SHS TIQE/NAI PA=SI, TA\S D' E)COUSI/AS A)NWMA/LOUS KA-TASKEUA/ZEIN. @&XL. 29$. *TO\ DE\ PA=N PLH=QOS TW=N *)INDW=N EI)S E(PTA\ ME/RH DIH/|RHTAI, W(=N E)STI TO\ ME\N PRW=TON SU/STHMA FILOSO/FWN, PLH/QEI ME\N TW=N A)/LLWN MERW=N LEIPO/MENON, TH=| D' E)PI-FANEI/A| PA/NTWN PRWTEU=ON: A)LEITOU/RGHTOI GA\R O)/NTES OI( FILO/SOFOI PA/SHS U(POURGI/AS OU)/Q' E(TE/RWN KURIEU/OUSIN OU)/Q' U(F' E(TE/RWN DESPO/ZONTAI. [1&`30$]1 *PARALAMBA/NONTAI DE\ U(PO\ ME\N TW=N I)DIWTW=N EI)/S TE TA\S E)N TW=| BI/W| QUSI/AS KAI\ EI)S TA\S TW=N TETELEUTHKO/TWN E)PIMELEI/AS, W(S QEOI=S GEGO-NO/TES PROSFILE/STATOI KAI\ PERI\ TW=N E)N *(/A|DOU MA/LISTA E)MPEI/RWS E)/XONTES, TAU/THS TE TH=S U(POURGI/AS DW=RA/ TE KAI\ TIMA\S LAMBA/NOUSIN A)CIOLO/GOUS: TW=| DE\ KOINW=| TW=N *)INDW=N MEGA/LAS PARE/XONTAI XREI/AS PARALAMBANO/MENOI ME\N KATA\ TO\ NE/ON E)/TOS E)PI\ TH\N MEGA/LHN SU/NODON, PRO-LE/GONTES DE\ TOI=S PLH/QESI PERI\ AU)XMW=N KAI\ E)POMBRI/AS, E)/TI DE\ A)NE/MWN EU)PNOI/AS KAI\ NO/SWN KAI\ TW=N A)/LLWN TW=N DUNAME/NWN TOU\S A)KOU/ONTAS W)FELH=SAI. 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[1&`33$]1 *BIOU=SI D' E)PI\ TH=S XW/RAS META\ TE/KNWN KAI\ GUNAIKW=N GEWRGOI\, KAI\ TH=S EI)S TH\N PO/LIN KATABA/SEWS PANTELW=S A)FESTH/KASI. *TH=S DE\ XW/RAS MISQOU\S TELOU=SI TW=| BASILEI= DIA\ TO\ PA=SAN TH\N *)INDIKH\N BASILIKH\N EI)=NAI, I)DIW/TH| DE\ MHDENI\ GH=N E)CEI=NAI KEKTH=SQAI: XWRI\S DE\ TH=S MISQW/SEWS TETA/RTHN EI)S TO\ BASILIKO\N TELOU=SI. @&`34$. *TRI/TON D' E)STI\ FU=LON TO\ TW=N BOUKO/LWN KAI\ POI-ME/NWN KAI\ KAQO/LOU PA/NTWN TW=N NOME/WN, OI(\ PO/LIN ME\N H)\ KW/MHN OU)K OI)KOU=SI, SKHNI/TH| DE\ BI/W| XRW=NTAI: OI( D' AU)TOI\ KAI\ KUNHGOU=NTES KAQARA\N POIOU=SI TH\N XW/RAN O)RNE/WN KAI\ QHRI/WN: EI)S TAU=TA DE\ A)SKOU=NTES KAI\ FILO-PONOU=NTES E)CHMEROU=SI TH\N *)INDIKH\N, PLH/QOUSAN POLLW=N KAI\ PANTODAPW=N QHRI/WN TE KAI\ O)RNE/WN TW=N KATESQIO/N-TWN TA\ SPE/RMATA TW=N GEWRGW=N. @&XLI. 35$. *TE/TARTON D' E)STI\ ME/ROS TO\ TW=N TEXNITW=N: KAI\ TOU/TWN OI( ME/N EI)SIN O(PLOPOIOI\, OI( DE\ TOI=S GEWRGOI=S H)/ TISIN A)/LLOIS TA\ XRH/SIMA PRO\S U(PHRESI/AN KATASKEUA/-ZOUSIN: OU(=TOI DE\ OU) MO/NON A)TELEI=S EI)SIN, A)LLA\ KAI\ SITOMETRI/AN E)K TOU= BASILIKOU= LAMBA/NOUSI. @&`36$. *PE/MPTON DE\ STRATIWTIKO\N, EI)S TOU\S POLE/MOUS EU)QETOU=N, TW=| ME\N PLH/QEI DEU/TERON, A)NE/SEI DE\ KAI\ PAI-DIA=| PLEI/STH| XRW/MENON E)N TAI=S EI)RH/NAIS. *TRE/FETAI D' E)K TOU= BASILIKOU= PA=N TO\ PLH=QOS TW=N STRATIWTW=N KAI\ TW=N POLEMISTW=N I(/PPWN TE KAI\ E)LEFA/NTWN. @&`37.$ *(/EKTON D' E)STI\ TO\ TW=N E)FO/RWN: OU(=TOI DE\ POLU-PRAGMONOU=NTES PA/NTA KAI\ E)FORW=NTES TA\ KATA\ TH\N *)IN-DIKH\N A)PAGGE/LLOUSI TOI=S BASILEU=SIN, E)A\N DE\ H( PO/LIS AU)TW=N A)BASI/LEUTOS H)=|, TOI=S A)/RXOUSIN. @&`38$. *(/EBDOMON D' E)STI\ ME/ROS TO\ BOULEU=ON ME\N KAI\ SUN-EDREU=ON TOI=S U(PE\R TW=N KOINW=N BOULEUOME/NOIS, PLH/QEI ME\N E)LA/XISTON, EU)GENEI/A| DE\ KAI\ FRONH/SEI MA/LISTA QAU-MAZO/MENON: E)K TOU/TWN GA\R OI(/ TE SU/MBOULOI TOI=S BASI-LEU=SI/N EI)SIN OI(/ TE DIOIKHTAI\ TW=N KOINW=N KAI\ OI( DIKASTAI\ TW=N A)MFISBHTOUME/NWN, KAI\ KAQO/LOU TOU\S H(GEMO/NAS KAI\ TOU\S A)/RXONTAS E)K TOU/TWN E)/XOUSI. @&`39$. *TA\ ME\N OU)=N ME/RH TH=S DIH|RHME/NHS POLITEI/AS PAR' *)INDOI=S SXEDO\N TAU=TA/ E)STIN. *OU)K E)/CESTI DE\ GA-MEI=N E)C A)/LLOU GE/NOUS H)\ PROAIRE/SEIS H)\ TE/XNAS METAXEI-RI/ZESQAI, OI(=ON STRATIW/THN O)/NTA GEWRGEI=N H)\ TEXNI/THN O)/NTA FILOSOFEI=N. @&XLII. 40$. *)/EXEI D' H( TW=N *)INDW=N XW/RA PLEI/STOUS KAI\ MEGI/STOUS E)LE/FANTAS, A)LKH=| TE KAI\ MEGE/QEI POLU\ DIAFE/RONTAS. *)OXEU/ETAI DE\ TOU=TO TO\ ZW=|ON OU)X, W(/SPER TINE/S FASIN, E)CHLLAGME/NWS, A)LL' O(MOI/WS I(/PPOIS KAI\ TOI=S A)/LLOIS TETRAPO/DOIS ZW/|OIS: KU/OUSI DE\ TOU\S ME\N E)LA-XI/STOUS MH=NAS E(KKAI/DEKA, TOU\S DE\ PLEI/STOUS O)KTWKAI/-DEKA. *TI/KTOUSI DE\ KAQA/PER I(/PPOI KATA\ TO\ PLEI=STON E(\N, KAI\ TRE/FOUSI TO\ GENNHQE\N AI( MHTE/RES E)P' E)/TH E(/C. *ZW=SI D' OI( PLEI=STOI KAQA/PER O( MAKROBIW/TATOS A)/NQRW-POS, OI( DE\ MA/LISTA GHRA/SANTES E)/TH DIAKO/SIA. @&`41$. *EI)SI\ DE\ PAR' *)INDOI=S KAI\ E)PI\ TOU\S CE/NOUS A)/RXON-TES TETAGME/NOI KAI\ FRONTI/ZONTES O(/PWS MHDEI\S CE/NOS A)DIKH=TAI: TOI=S D' A)RRWSTOU=SI TW=N CE/NWN I)ATROU\S EI)SA/-GOUSI KAI\ TH\N A)/LLHN E)PIME/LEIAN POIOU=NTAI, KAI\ TELEU-TH/SANTAS QA/PTOUSIN, E)/TI DE\ TA\ KATALEIFQE/NTA XRH/MATA TOI=S PROSH/KOUSIN A)PODIDO/ASIN. 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ME/XRI TH=S E(W/|AS QALA/TTHS, A(/PER OI( E)PIXW/RIOI KATA\ ME/ROS *PAROPA/MISO/N TE KAI\ *)HMWDO\N KAI\ *)/IMAON KAI\ A)/LLA O)NOMA/ZOUSI, *MAKEDO/NES DE\ *KAU/KASON: A)PO\ TH=S E(SPE/RAS O( *)INDO\S POTAMO/S: TO\ DE\ NO/TION KAI\ TO\ PROS-EW=|ON PLEURO\N POLU\ MEI/ZW TW=N E(TE/RWN O)/NTA PROPE/PTW-KEN EI)S TO\ *)ATLANTIKO\N PE/LAGOS, KAI\ GI/NETAI R(OMBOEIDE\S TO\ TH=S XW/RAS SXH=MA, TW=N MEIZO/NWN PLEURW=N E(KATE/ROU PLEONEKTOU=NTOS PARA\ TO\ A)PENANTI/ON PLEURO\N TRISXILI/OIS STADI/OIS, O(/SON E)STI\ TO\ KOINO\N A)/KRON TH=S TE E(WQINH=S PARALI/AS KAI\ TH=S MESHMBRINH=S, E)/CW PROPEPTWKO\S E)C I)/SHS E)F' E(KA/TERON PARA\ TH\N A)/LLHN H)I+O/NA. *TH=S ME\N OU)=N E(SPERI/OU PLEURA=S A)PO\ TW=N *KAUKASI/WN O)RW=N E)PI\ TH\N NO/TION QA/LATTAN STA/DIOI MA/LISTA LE/GONTAI MU/RIOI TRISXI/LIOI PARA\ TO\N *)INDO\N POTAMO\N ME/XRI TW=N E)KBO-LW=N AU)TOU=: W(/ST' A)PENANTI/ON H( E(WQINH\ PROSLABOU=SA TOU\S TH=S A)/KRAS TRISXILI/OUS E)/STAI MURI/WN KAI\ E(CA-KISXILI/WN STADI/WN. *TOU=TO ME\N 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PEDI/OU, *MEGASQE/NOUS DE\ KAI\ *DHI+MA/XOU METRIASA/NTWN MA=LLON: U(PE\R GA\R DISMURI/OUS TIQE/ASI STADI/OUS, TO\ A)PO\ TH=S NOTI/OU QALA/TTHS E)PI\ TO\N *KAU/KASON. @&Strabo II.$%10 *FHSI\N O( *(/IPPARXOS E)N TW=| @1 DEUTE/RW| *(UPOMNH/MATI AU)TO\N TO\N *)ERATOSQE/NH DIABA/LLEIN TH\N TOU= *PATROKLE/OUS PI/STIN E)K TH=S PRO\S *MEGASQE/NH DIAFWNI/AS PERI\ TOU= MH/KOUS TH=S *)INDIKH=S TOU= KATA\ TO\ BO/REION PLEURO\N, TOU= ME\N *MEGASQE/NOUS LE/GONTOS STA-DI/WN MURI/WN E(CAKISXILI/WN, TOU= DE\ *PATROKLE/OUS XILI/OIS LEI/PEIN FAME/NOU. @&Strabo II.$%10 DUOI=N A)NTIMARTUROU/NTWN AU)TW=| *DHIMA/XOU TE KAI\ *MEGASQE/NOUS, OI(\ KAQ' OU(\S ME\N TO/POUS DISMURI/WN TO\ DIA/STHMA/ FASI TO\ A)PO\ TH=S KATA\ MESHMBRI/AN QALA/TTHS, KAQ' OU(\S DE\ KAI\ TRISMURI/WN. *TOU/TOUS GE DH\ TOIAU=TA LE/GEIN KAI\ TOU\S A)RXAI/OUS PI/NA-KAS TOU/TOIS O(MOLOGEI=N. @&Arrian. Ind. 3, 7$%10 *MEGASQE/NEI DE\ TO\ A)PO\ A)NATO-LE/WN E)S E(SPE/RHN PLA/TOS E)STI\ TH=S *)INDW=N GH=S, O(/ TI PER OI( A)/LLOI MH=KOS POIE/OUSI: KAI\ LE/GEI *MEGASQE/NHS, MURI/WN KAI\ E(CAKISXILI/WN STADI/WN EI)=NAI, I(/NAPER TO\ BRAXU/TATON AU)TOU=. *TO\ DE\ A)PO\ A)/RKTOU PRO\S MESHMBRI/HN, TOU=TO DE\ AU)TW=| MH=KOS GI/NETAI, KAI\ E)PE/XEI TRIHKOSI/OUS KAI\ DISXILI/OUS, I(/NAPER TO\ STEINO/TATON AU)TOU=. @&Strabo II$%10 *MEGASQE/NEI FH/SANTI E)N TOI=S NOTI/OIS ME/RESI TH=S *)INDIKH=S TA/S TE A)/RKTOUS A)PO-KRU/PTESQAI KAI\ TA\S SKIA\S A)NTIPI/PTEIN. @&Strabo II$%10. *DHIMA/XOU FH/SANTOS MHDAMOU= TH=S *)INDIKH=S MH/T' A)POKRU/PTESQAI TA\S A)/RKTOUS MH/T' A)NTI-PI/PTEIN TA\S SKIA\S O(/PER U(PEI/LHFEN O( *MEGASQE/NHS. @&Plinius H. N. VII, 22, 6$%10 &3Ab iis @1 &3in interiore situ Mo-&3nedes et Suari, quorum mons Maleus, in quo umbrae &3ad septemtrionem cadunt hieme, aestate in austrum, &3per senos menses. Septemtriones eo tractu semel in &3anno apparere, nec nisi quindecim diebus, Baeton$ &3auctor est%10 hoc idem pluribus locis Indiae &3fieri, Megasthenes.$ @&Strabo XV$%10 *MEGASQE/NHS DE\ TH\N EU)DAI-MONI/AN TH=S *)INDIKH=S E)PISHMAI/NETAI TW=| DI/KARPON EI)=NAI KAI\ DI/FORON, KAQA/PER KAI\ *)ERATOSQE/NHS E)/FH, TO\N ME\N EI)PW\N SPO/RON XEIMERINO\N, TO\N DE\ QERINO\N, KAI\ O)/MBRON O(MOI/WS: OU)DE\N GA\R E)/TOS EU(RI/SKESQAI/ FHSI PRO\S A)MFOTE/ROUS KAIROU\S A)/NOMBRON: W(/STE EU)ETHRI/AN E)K TOU/TOU SUMBAI/NEIN, A)FO/ROU MHDE/POTE TH=S GH=S OU)/SHS: TOU/S TE CULI/NOUS KAR-POU\S GENNA=SQAI POLLOU\S, KAI\ TA\S R(I/ZAS TW=N FUTW=N, KAI\ MA/LISTA TW=N MEGA/LWN KALA/MWN, GLUKEI/AS KAI\ FU/SEI KAI\ E(YH/SEI, XLIAINOME/NOU TOU= U(/DATOS TOI=S H(LI/OIS, TOU= T' E)KPI/PTONTOS E)K *DIO\S, KAI\ TOU= POTAMI/OU. *TRO/PON DH/ TINA LE/GEIN BOU/LETAI, DIO/TI H( PARA\ TOI=S A)/LLOIS LEGO-ME/NH PE/YIS KAI\ KARPW=N KAI\ XUMW=N PAR' E)KEI/NOIS E(/YH-SI/S E)STI: KAI\ KATERGA/ZETAI TOSOU=TON EI)S EU)STOMI/AN, O(/SON KAI\ H( DIA\ PURO/S: DIO\ KAI\ TOU\S KLA/DOUS FHSI\N EU)-KAMPEI=S EI)=NAI TW=N DE/NDRWN, E)C W(=N OI( TROXOI/: E)K DE\ TH=S AU)TH=S AI)TI/AS E)NI/OIS KAI\ E)PANQEI=N E)/RION. @&Strabo XV$%10 *KAI\ TI/GREIS D' E)N TOI=S *PRA-SI/OIS FHSI\N O( *MEGASQE/NHS GI/NESQAI MEGI/STOUS, SXEDO\N DE/ TI KAI\ DIPLASI/OUS LEO/NTWN: DUNATOU\S DE\ W(/STE TW=N H(ME/RWN TINA\, A)GO/MENON U(PO\ TETTA/RWN, TW=| O)PISQI/W| SKE/-LEI DRACA/MENON H(MIO/NOU, BIA/SASQAI KAI\ E(LKU/SAI PRO\S E(AUTO/N. *KERKOPIQH/KOUS DE\ MEI/ZOUS TW=N MEGI/STWN KUNW=N, LEUKOU\S PLH\N TOU= PROSW/POU: TOU=TO D' EI)=NAI ME/LAN: PAR' A)/LLOIS D' A)NA/PALIN: TA\S DE\ KE/RKOUS MEI/ZOUS DUOI=N PH/XEWN: H(MERWTA/TOUS DE\ KAI\ OU) KAKOH/QEIS PERI\ E)PIQE/-SEIS KAI\ KLOPA/S. *LI/QOUS D' O)RU/TTESQAI LIBANO/XROUS, GLUKUTE/ROUS SU/KWN H)\ ME/LITOS. *)ALLAXOU= DE\ DIPH/XEIS O)/FEIS U(MENOPTE/ROUS W(/SPER AI( NUKTERI/DES, KAI\ TOU/TOUS DE\ NU/KTWR PE/TESQAI, STALAGMOU\S A)FIE/NTAS OU)/RWN, TOU\S DE\ I(DRW/TWN, DIASH/PONTAS TO\N XRW=TA TOU= MH\ FULACA-ME/NOU: KAI\ SKORPI/OUS EI)=NAI PTHNOU\S, U(PERBA/LLONTAS MEGE/QESI: FU/ESQAI DE\ KAI\ E)/BENON: EI)=NAI DE\ KAI\ KU/NAS A)LKI/MOUS, OU) PRO/TERON MEQIE/NTAS TO\ DHXQE\N PRI\N EI)S TOU\S R(W/QWNAS U(/DWR KATAXUQH=NAI: E)NI/OIS D' U(PO\ PROQUMI/AS E)N TW=| DH/GMATI DIASTRE/FESQAI TOU\S O)FQAL-MOU\S, TOI=S DE\ KAI\ E)KPI/PTEIN: KATASXEQH=NAI DE\ KAI\ LE/ONTA U(PO\ KUNO\S KAI\ TAU=RON: TO\N DE\ TAU=RON KAI\ A)PO-QANEI=N KRATOU/MENON TOU= R(U/GXOUS PRO/TERON H)\ A)FEQH=NAI. @&Aelian. N A. XVII, 39$%10 *)EN TH=| *PRACIAKH=| XW/RA|, *)INDW=N DE\ AU(/TH E)STI/N, *MEGASQE/NHS FHSI\ PIQH/KOUS EI)=NAI TW=N MEGI/STWN KUNW=N OU) MEI/OUS, E)/XEIN DE\ KAI\ OU)RA\S PH- @1XW=N PE/NTE: PROSPEFUKE/NAI DE\ A)/RA AU)TOI=S KAI\ PROKO/MIA, KAI\ PW/GWNAS KAQEIME/NOUS KAI\ BAQEI=S: KAI\ TO\ ME\N PRO/S-WPON EI)=NAI PA=N LEUKOU/S, TO\ SW=MA DE\ ME/LANAS I)DEI=N, H(ME/ROUS DE\ KAI\ FILANQRWPOTA/TOUS, KAI\ TO\ TOI=S A)LLA-XO/QI PIQH/KOIS SUMFUE\S OU)K E)/XEIN TO\ KAKO/HQES. @&Aelian. N. A. XVI, 41$%10 *MEGASQE/NHS FHSI\ KATA\ TH\N *)INDIKH\N SKORPI/OUS GI/NESQAI PTERWTOU\S MEGE/QEI ME-GI/STOUS, TO\ KE/NTRON DE\ E)GXRI/PTEIN TOI=S *EU)RWPAI/OIS PARAPLHSI/WS: GI/NESQAI DE\ KAI\ O)/FEIS AU)TO/QI, KAI\ TOU/TOUS PTHNOU/S: E)PIFOITA=N DE\ OU) KAQ' H(ME/RAN, A)LLA\ NU/KTWR, KAI\ A)FIE/NAI E)C AU(TW=N OU)=RON, O(/PER OU)=N E)A\N KATA/ TINOS A)POSTA/CH| SW/MATOS, SH=YIN E)RGA/ZETAI PARAXRH=MA. *KAI\ TA\ ME\N TOU= *MEGASQE/NOUS TAU=TA. @&Strabo XV$%10 *FHSI\ GA\R TOU\S TO\N *KAU/KASON OI)KOU=NTAS E)N TW=| FANERW=| GUNAICI\ MI/SGESQAI KAI\ SARKOFAGEI=N TA\ TW=N SUGGENW=N SW/MATA: PETROKULISTA\S D' EI)=NAI KERKOPIQH/KOUS, OI(\ LI/QOUS KATA-KULI/OUSI KRHMNOBATOU=NTES E)PI\ TOU\S DIW/KONTAS, TA/ TE PAR' H(MI=N H(/MERA ZW=|A TA\ PLEI=STA PAR' E)KEI/NOIS A)/GRIA EI)=NAI: I(/PPOUS TE LE/GEI MONOKE/RWTAS E)LAFOKRA/NOUS: KA-LA/MOUS DE\ MH=KOS ME\N TRIA/KONTA O)RGUIW=N TOU\S O)RQI/OUS, TOU\S DE\ XAMAIKLINEI=S PENTH/KONTA: PA/XOS DE\, W(/STE TH\N DIA/METRON TOI=S ME\N EI)=NAI TRIPH/XH, TOI=S DE\ DIPLASI/AN. @&Aelianus XVI, &`20$%10 *)EN TOI=S XWRI/OIS TOI=S E)N *)INDI/A|, LE/GW DH\ TOI=S E)NDOTA/TW, O)/RH FASI\N EI)=NAI DU/SBATA/ TE KAI\ E)/NQHRA: KAI\ E)/XEIN ZW=|A O(/SA KAI\ H( KAQ' H(MA=S TRE/FEI GH=, A)/GRIA DE/: KAI\ GA/R TOI KAI\ TA\S O)/I+S TA\S E)KEI= FASIN EI)=NAI KAI\ TAU/TAS QHRI/A, KAI\ KU/NAS KAI\ AI)=GAS KAI\ BOU=S, AU)TO/NOMA/ TE A)LA=SQAI KAI\ E)LEU/QERA, A)FEIME/NA NOMEUTIKH=S A)RXH=S. *PLH/QH DE\ AU)TW=N KAI\ A)RIQMOU= PLEI/W FASI\N OI( TOU/TWN SUGGRAFEI=S, KAI\ OI( TW=N *)INDW=N LO/GIOI: E)N DH\ TOI=S KAI\ TOU\S *BRAXMA=NAS A)RIQMEI=N A)/CION, KAI\ GA/R TOI KAI\ E)KEI=NOI U(PE\R TW=NDE O(MOLOGOU=SI TA\ AU)TA/. *LE/GETAI DE\ KAI\ ZW=|ON E)N TOU/TOIS EI)=NAI MONO/KERWN, KAI\ U(P' AU)TW=N O)NOMA/ZESQAI KARTA/-ZWNON: KAI\ ME/GEQOS ME\N E)/XEIN I(/PPOU TOU= TELEI/OU, KAI\ LO/FON, KAI\ LA/XNHN E)/XEIN CANQH\N, PODW=N DE\ A)/RISTA EI)LH-XE/NAI, KAI\ EI)=NAI W)/KISTON, KAI\ TOU\S ME\N PO/DAS A)DIAR-QRW/TOUS TE KAI\ E)MFEREI=S E)LE/FANTI SUMPEFUKE/NAI, TH\N DE\ OU)RA\N SUO/S: ME/SON DE\ TW=N O)FRU/WN E)/XEIN E)KPEFUKO\S KE/RAS, OU) LEI=ON, A)LLA\ E(LIGMOU\S E)/XON TINA\S KAI\ MA/LA AU)TOFUEI=S, KAI\ EI)=NAI ME/LAN TH\N XRO/AN: LE/GETAI DE\ KAI\ O)CU/TATON EI)=NAI TO\ KE/RAS E)KEI=NO: FWNH\N DE\ E)/XEIN TO\ QHRI/ON A)KOU/W TOU=TO PA/NTWN A)PHXESTA/THN TE KAI\ GEGWNOTA/THN: KAI\ TW=N ME\N A)/LLWN AU)TW=| ZW/|WN PROSIO/NTWN FE/REIN, KAI\ PRA=|ON EI)=NAI, LE/GOUSI DE\ A)/RA PRO\S TO\ O(MO/FULON DU/SERIN EI)=NAI/ PWS. *KAI\ OU) MO/NON FASI\ TOI=S A)/RRESIN EI)=NAI/ TINA SUMFUH= KU/RICI/N TE PRO\S A)LLH/LOUS KAI\ MA/XHN, A)LLA\ KAI\ PRO\S TA\S QHLEI/AS E)/XOUSI QUMO\N TO\N AU)TO\N, KAI\ PROA/GEIN TE TH\N FILONEIKI/AN KAI\ ME/XRI QANA/TOU H(TTHQE/NTA E)CA/-GOUSAN: E)/STI ME\N OU)=N KAI\ DIA\ PANTO\S TOU= SW/MATOS R(W-MALE/ON, A)LKH\ DE/ OI( TOU= KE/RATOS A)/MAXO/S E)STI. *NOMA\S DE\ E)RH/MOUS A)SPA/ZETAI KAI\ PLANA=TAI MO/NON: W(/RA| DE\ @1 A)FRODI/THS TH=S SFETE/RAS SUNDUASQEI\S PRO\S TH\N QH/LEIAN PEPRA/U+NTAI, KAI\ ME/NTOI KAI\ SUNNO/MW E)STO/N: EI)=TA TAU/THS PARADRAMOU/SHS KAI\ TH=S QHLEI/AS KUOU/SHS, E)KQHRIOU=TAI AU)=QIS, KAI\ MONI/AS E)STI\N O(/DE O( *)INDO\S KARTA/ZWNOS. *TOU/TWN OU)=N PW/LOUS PA/NU NEAROU\S KOMI/ZESQAI/ FASI TW=| TW=N *PRAISI/WN BASILEI=, KAI\ TH\N A)LKH\N E)N A)LLH/LOIS A)PODEI/-KNUSQAI KATA\ TA\S PANHGURIKA/S: TE/LEION DE\ A(LW=NAI/ POTE OU)DEI\S ME/MNHTAI. @&Id. c. 21$%10 *(UPERELQO/NTI TA\ O)/RH TA\ GEITNIW=NTA TOI=S *)INDOI=S KATA\ TH\N E)NDOTA/THN PLEURA\N FANOU=NTAI, FASI\N, AU)LW=NES DASU/TATOI, KAI\ KALEI=TAI/ GE U(P' *)INDW=N O( XW=ROS *KO/ROUDA: A)LW=NTAI DE\ A)/RA, FASI\N, E)N TOI=SDE TOI=S AU)LW=SI ZW=|A *SATU/ROIS E)MFERH= TA\S MORFA\S, TO\ PA=N SW=MA LA/SIA, KAI\ E)/XEI KATA\ TH=S I)CU/OS I(/PPOURIN. *KAI\ KAQ' E(AUTA\ ME\N MH\ E)NOXLOU/MENA DIATRI/BEIN E)N TOI=S DRUMOI=S U(LOTRAGOU=NTA, O(/TAN DE\ AI)/SQWNTAI KUNHGETW=N KTU/POU, KAI\ A)KOU/SWSI KUNW=N U(LAKH=S, A)NAQE/OUSIN EI)S TA\S A)KRWREI/AS AU)TA\S A)MHXA/NW| TW=| TA/XEI: KAI\ GA/R EI)SI TAI=S O)REIBASI/AIS E)NTRIBEI=S. *KAI\ A)POMA/XONTAI PE/TRAS TINA\S KULINDOU=NTES KATA\ TW=N E)PIO/NTWN, KAI\ KATALAM-BANO/MENOI/ GE POLLOI\ DIAFQEI/RONTAI. *KAI\ E)K TOU/TWN EI)SI\N E)KEI=NOI DUSA/LWTOI: KAI\ MO/LIS POTE\ KAI\ DIA\ MAKROU= TINA\S AU)TW=N <20EI)S *PRAISI/OUS>20 KOMI/ZESQAI LE/GOUSI: KAI\ TOU/TWN ME/NTOI H)\ TA\ NOSOU=NTA E)KOMI/SQH, H)\ QH/LEA/ TINA ∹KAI\ KUOU=NTA: KAI\ SUNE/BH GE QHRAQH=NAI TOI=S ME\N DIA\ TH\N NWQEI/AN, TAI=S DE\ DIA\ TO\N TH=S GASTRO\S O)/GKON. @&Plinius VIII, 14, 1$%10 &3Megasthenes scribit in &3India serpentes in tantam magnitudinem adolescre, &3ut solidos hauriant cervos taurosque.$ @&Aelian. N. A. VIII, 7$%10 *MEGASQE/NOUS A)KOU/W LE/-GONTOS PERI\ TH\N TW=N *)INDW=N QA/LATTAN GI/GNESQAI/ TI I)XQU/-DION, KAI\ TOU=TO ME\N O(/TAN ZH=|, A)QE/ATON EI)=NAI, KA/TW POU NHXO/MENON KAI\ E)N BUQW=|, A)POQANO\N DE\ A)NAPLEI=N: OU(= TO\N A(YA/MENON LEIPOQUMEI=N KAI\ E)KQNH/SKEIN TA\ PRW=TA, EI)=TA ME/NTOI KAI\ A)POQNH/SKEIN. @&Plinius H. N. VI, 24$%10 &3Megasthenes flumine &3dividi [1Taprobanen insulam tradit]1 incolasque &3palaeogonos appellari, aurique margaritarumque &3fertiliores quam Indos.$ @1 @&Antigonus Hist. Mirab. c. 147$%10 *MEGASQE/NHN DE\ TO\N TA\ *)INDIKA\ GEGRAFO/TA I(STOREI=N, E)N TH=| KATA\ TH\N *)INDIKH\N QALA/TTH| DE/NDREA FU/ESQAI. @&Arrianus Ind. 4, 2_13$%10 *AU)TOI=N DE\ TOI=N MEGI/-STOIN POTAMOI=N TOU= TE *GA/GGEW KAI\ TOU= *)INDOU= TO\N *GA/G-GEA MEGE/QEI POLU/ TI U(PERFE/REIN *MEGASQE/NHS A)NE/GRAYEN, KAI\ O(/SOI A)/LLOI MNH/MHN TOU= *GA/GGEW E)/XOUSIN: [1&`3$]1 AU)TO/N TE GA\R ME/GAN A)NI/SXEIN E)K TW=N PHGE/WN, DE/XESQAI/ TE E)S AU(TO\N TO/N TE *KAI+NA\N POTAMO\N, KAI\ TO\N *)ERANNOBO/AN KAI\ TO\N *KOSSO/ANON, PA/NTAS PLWTOU/S: E)/TI DE\ *SW=NO/N TE POTAMO\N KAI\ *SITTO/KATIN KAI\ *SOLO/MATIN, KAI\ TOU/TOUS PLW-TOU/S. [1&`4$]1 *)EPI\ DE\ *KONDOXA/THN TE KAI\ *SA/MBON KAI\ *MA/GWNA KAI\ *)AGO/RANIN KAI\ *)/WMALIN: E)MBA/LLOUSI DE\ E)S AU)TO\N *KOMMENA/SHS TE ME/GAS POTAMO\S KAI\ *KA/KOUQIS KAI\ *)ANDW/MATIS E)C E)/QNEOS *)INDIKOU= TOU= *MANDIADINW=N R(E/WN: [1&`5$]1 KAI\ E)PI\ TOU/TOISIN *)/AMUSTIS PARA\ PO/LIN *KATADOU/PHN, KAI\ *)OCU/-MATIS E)PI\ *PAZA/LAISI KALOU-ME/NOISI, KAI\ *)ERRE/NUSIS E)N *MA/QAISIN, E)/QNEI+ *)INDIKW=|, CUMBA/LLEI TW=| *GA/GGH|. [1&`6$]1 *TOU/TWN LE/GEI *MEGASQE/NHS OU)DE/NA EI)=NAI TOU= *MAIA/N-DROU A)PODE/ONTA, I(/NAPER NAUSI/POROS O( *MAI/ANDROS. [1&`7$]1 *EI)=NAI W)=N TO\ EU)=ROS TW=| *GA/GGH|, E)/NQA PER AU)TO\S E(WU+TOU= STEINO/TATOS, EI)S E(KATO\N STADI/OUS: POLLAXH= DE\ KAI\ LI-MNA/ZEIN, W(S MH\ A)/POPTON EI)=NAI TH\N PE/RHN XW/RHN, I(/NAPER XQAMALH/ TE E)STI KAI\ OU)DAMH= GHLO/FOISIN A)NESTHKUI=A. [1&`8$]1 *TW=| DE\ *)INDW=| E)S TAU)TO\N E)/RXETAI. *(UDRAW/THS ME\N *KAMBISQO/LOISI PAREILHFW\S TO/N TE *(/UFASIN E)N *)ASTRO/-BAISI KAI\ TO\N *SARA/GGHN E)K *KHKE/WN KAI\ TO\N *NEU=-DRON E)C *)ATTAKHNW=N, E)S *)AKESI/NHN E)MBA/LLOUSIN. [1&`9$]1 *(UDA/-SPHS E)N DE\ *)OCUDRA/KAISIN A)/GWN A(/MA OI( TO\N *SI/NARON E)N *)ARI/SPAISI, E)S TO\N *)AKESI/NHN E)KDIDOI= KAI\ OU(=TOS. [1&`10$]1 *(O DE\ *)AKESI/NHS E)N *MALLOI=S CUMBA/LLEI TW=| *)INDW=|: KAI\ *TOU/TAPOS DE\ ME/GAS POTAMO\S E)S TO\N *)AKESI/NHN E)KDIDOI=. *TOU/TWN O( *)AKESI/NHS E)MPLHSQEI\S KAI\ TH=| E)PIKLH/SEI E)KNIKH/SAS AU)TO\S TW=| E(WU+TOU= H)/DH OU)NO/MATI E)SBA/LLEI E)S TO\N *)INDO/N: [1&`11$]1 *KW-FH\N DE\ E)N *PEUKELAIH/TIDI, A(/MA OI(= A)/GWN *MALA/MANTO/N TE KAI\ *SO/ASTON KAI\ *GARROI/AN, E)KDIDOI= E)S TO\N *)INDO/N. 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TUMPANISTAI\ KAI\ KWDWNOFO/ROI. *KUNHGETEI= D' E)N ME\N TOI=S PERIFRA/GMASIN A)PO\ BH/MATOS TOCEU/WN: PARESTA=SI D' E)/NOPLOI DU/O H)\ TREI=S GUNAI=KES: E)N DE\ TAI=S A)FRA/KTOIS QH/RAIS A)P' E)LE/FANTOS: AI( DE\ GUNAI=-KES AI( ME\N E)F' A(RMA/TWN, AI( D' E)F' I(/PPWN, AI( DE\ KAI\ E)P' E)LEFA/NTWN, W(S KAI\ SUSTRATEU/OUSIN, H)SKHME/NAI PANTI\ O(/PLW|. @[*)/EXEI ME\N OU)=N KAI\ TAU=TA POLLH\N A)H/QEIAN PRO\S TA\ PAR' H(MI=N: E)/TI ME/NTOI MA=LLON TA\ TOIA/DE.] *FHSI\ GA\R TOU\S TO\N *KAU/KASON OI)KOU=NTAS E)N TW=| FANERW=| GUNAICI\ MI/SGESQAI, KAI\ SARKOFAGEI=N TA\ TW=N SUGGENW=N SW/MATA. *PETROKULISTA\S D' EI)=NAI KERKOPIQH/KOUS KTL. @&Athenaeus IV$%10 <20*MEGASQE/NHS E)N TH=| DEUTE/RA| TW=N *)INDIKW=N>20 TOI=S *)INDOI=S FHSIN E)N TW=| DEI/PNW| PARATI/QESQAI E(KA/STW| TRA/PEZAN, TAU/THN D' EI)=-NAI O(MOI/AN TAI=S E)GGUQH/KAIS: KAI\ E)PITI/QESQAI E)P' AU)TH=| TRUBLI/ON XRUSOU=N, EI)S O(\ E)MBALEI=N AU)TOU\S PRW=TON ME\N TH\N O)/RUZAN E(FQH\N, W(S A)/N TIS E(YH/SEIE XO/NDRON, E)/PEITA O)/YA POLLA\ KEXEIROURGHME/NA TAI=S *)INDIKAI=S SKEUASI/AIS. @&Strabo II$%10 *(/APANTES ME\N TOI/NUN OI( PERI\ TH=S *)INDIKH=S GRA/YANTES W(S E)PI\ TO\ POLU\ YEUDOLO/GOI GEGO/-NASI, KAQ' U(PERBOLH\N DE\ *DHI/MAXOS: TA\ DE\ DEU/TERA LE/GEI *MEGASQE/NHS: *)ONHSI/KRITOS DE\ KAI\ *NE/ARXOS KAI\ A)/LLOI TOIOU=TOI PARAYELLI/ZONTES H)/DH. *KAI\ H(MI=N D' U(PH=RCEN E)PI\ PLE/ON KATIDEI=N TAU=TA, U(POMNHMATIZOME/NOIS TA\S *)ALE-CA/NDROU PRA/CEIS: DIAFERO/NTWS D' A)PISTEI=N A)/CION *DHI-MA/XW| TE KAI\ *MEGASQE/NEI. *OU(=TOI GA/R EI)SIN OI( TOU\S *)ENWTOKOI/TAS KAI\ TOU\S *)ASTO/MOUS KAI\ *)/ARRINAS I(STOROU=N-TES, *MONOFQA/LMOUS TE KAI\ *MAKROSKELEI=S KAI\ *)OPISQO-DAKTU/LOUS: A)NEKAI/NISAN DE\ KAI\ TH\N *(OMHRIKH\N TW=N *PUGMAI/WN GERANOMAXI/AN, TRISPIQA/MOUS EI)PO/NTES: OU(=TOI DE\ KAI\ TOU\S XRUSWRU/XOUS MU/RMHKAS KAI\ *PA=NAS SFHNO-KEFA/LOUS O)/FEIS TE KAI\ E)LA/FOUS SU\N KE/RASI KATAPI/NON-TAS: PERI\ W(=N E(/TEROS TO\N E(/TERON E)LE/GXEI, O(/PER KAI\ *)ERATOSQE/NHS FHSI/N. *)EPE/MFQHSAN ME\N GA\R EI)S TA\ *PA-LI/MBOQRA, O( ME\N *MEGASQE/NHS PRO\S *SANDRO/KOTTON, O( DE\ *DHI/MAXOS PRO\S *)ALLITROXA/DHN TO\N E)KEI/NOU UI(O\N KATA\ PRESBEI/AN: U(POMNH/MATA DE\ TH=S A)PODHMI/AS KATE/LIPON TOIAU=TA, U(F' H(SDH/POTE AI)TI/AS PROAXQE/NTES. *PATRO-KLH=S DE\ H(/KISTA TOIOU=TOS: KAI\ OI( A)/LLOI DE\ MA/RTURES OU)K A)PI/QANOI, OI(=S KE/XRHTAI O( *)ERATOSQE/NHS. @&Strabo XV$%10 *(UPEREKPI/PTWN D' E)PI\ TO\ MU-QW=DES PENTASPIQA/MOUS A)NQRW/POUS LE/GEI KAI\ TRISPIQA/-MOUS, W(=N TINAS A)MU/KTHRAS, A)NAPNOA\S E)/XONTAS MO/NON DU/O U(PE\R TOU= STO/MATOS: PRO\S DE\ TOU\S TRISPIQA/MOUS PO/LE-MON EI)=NAI TAI=S GERA/NOIS [1O(\N KAI\ *(/OMHRON DHLOU=N]1 KAI\ TOI=S PE/RDICIN, OU(\S XHNOMEGE/QEIS EI)=NAI: TOU/TOUS D' E)KLE/-GEIN AU)TW=N TA\ W)|A\ KAI\ FQEI/REIN: E)KEI= GA\R W)|OTOKEI=N TA\S GERA/NOUS: DIO/PER MHDAMOU= MHD' W)|A\ EU(RI/SKESQAI GERA/-NWN, MH/T' OU)=N NEO/TTIA: PLEISTA/KIS D' E)KPI/PTEIN GE/RANON @1 XALKH=N E)/XOUSAN A)KI/DA A)PO\ TW=N E)KEI=QEN PLHGMA/TWN. *(/OMOIA DE\ KAI\ TA\ PERI\ TW=N *)ENWTOKOITW=N KAI\ TW=N A)GRI/WN A)NQRW/PWN KAI\ A)/LLWN TERATWDW=N. *TOU\S ME\N OU)=N A)GRI/OUS MH\ KOMISQH=NAI PARA\ *SANDRO/KOTTON: A)POKARTEREI=N GA/R [1%2]1: E)/XEIN DE\ TA\S ME\N PTE/RNAS PRO/SQEN, TOU\S DE\ TARSOU\S O)/PISQEN KAI\ TOU\S DAKTU/LOUS. *)ASTO/MOUS DE/ TINAS A)XQH=-NAI, A)NQRW/POUS H(ME/ROUS: OI)KEI=N DE\ PERI\ TA\S PHGA\S TOU= *GA/GGOU: TRE/FESQAI D' A)TMAI=S O)PTW=N KREW=N KAI\ KARPW=N KAI\ A)NQE/WN O)SMAI=S, A)NTI\ TW=N STOMA/TWN E)/XONTAS A)NA-PNOA/S: XALEPAI/NEIN DE\ TOI=S DUSW/DESI, KAI\ DIA\ TOU=TO PERIGI/NESQAI MO/LIS KAI\ MA/LISTA E)N STRATOPE/DW|. *PERI\ DE\ TW=N A)/LLWN DIHGEI=SQAI TOU\S FILOSO/FOUS *)WKU/PODA/S TE I(STOROU=NTAS I(/PPWN MA=LLON A)PIO/NTAS: *)ENWTOKOI/TAS DE\ PODH/RH TA\ W)=TA E)/XONTAS, W(S E)GKAQEU/DEIN, I)SXUROU\S D' W(/ST' A)NASPA=N DE/NDRA KAI\ R(H/TTEIN NEURA/N: *MONOMMA/-TOUS DE\ A)/LLOUS, W)=TA ME\N E)/XONTAS KUNO\S, E)N ME/SW| DE\ TW=| METW/PW| TO\N O)FQALMO\N, O)RQOXAI/TAS, LASI/OUS TA\ STH/QH TOU\S DE\ *)AMU/KTHRAS EI)=NAI PAMFA/GOUS, W)MOFA/GOUS, O)LI-GOXRONI/OUS, PRO\ GH/RWS QNH/SKONTAS: TOU= DE\ STO/MATOS TO\ A)/NW PROXEILO/TERON EI)=NAI POLU/. *PERI\ DE\ TW=N XILIETW=N *(UPERBORE/WN TA\ AU)TA\ LE/GEIN *SIMWNI/DH| KAI\ *PINDA/RW| KAI\ A)/LLOIS MUQOLO/GOIS. [*MU=QOS DE\ KAI\ TO\ U(PO\ *TIMAGE/-NOUS LEXQE\N, W(S O(/TI XALKO\S U(/OITO STALAGMOI=S XALKOI=S KAI\ SU/ROITO. *)EGGUTE/RW DE\ PI/STEW/S FHSIN O( <20*MEGA-SQE/NHS,>20 O(/TI OI( POTAMOI\ KATAFE/ROIEN YH=GMA XRUSOU=, KAI\ A)P' AU)TOU= FO/ROS A)PA/GOITO TW=| BASILEI=: TOU=TO GA\R KAI\ E)N *)IBHRI/A| SUMBAI/NEI.] @&Plinius VII, 2, 14%10 &3In monte, cui nomen est &3Nulo, [1Nullo &v. l.&3]1, homines esse aversis plantis, &3octonos digitos in singulis habentes, auctor est <21Me-&3gasthenes>21. [1&`15&3]1 In multis autem ontibus genus &3hominum capitibus caninis ferarum pellibus velari, &3pro voce latratum edere, unguibus armatum venatu &3et aucupio vesci. [Horum supra centum viginti &3millia fuisse prodente se Ctesias scribit, &3et in quadam gente Indiae feminas semet in vita &3parere genitosque confestim canescere, &etc.] @&Solinus 52, 36%10 &3Ad montem, qui Nulo dicitur, &3habitant, quibus adversae plantae sunt et octoni &3digiti in plantis singulis. <21Megasthenes>21 per di-&3versos Indiae montes sees scribit nationes capitibus &3caninis, armatas unguibus, amictas vestitu tergo-&3rum, ad sermonem humanum nulla voce sed latra-&3tibus tantum sonantes, asperis rictibus. [Apud &3Ctesiam legitur, quasdam feminas ibi semel parere &3natosque canos illico fieri, &etc.] @&Plinius VII, 2, 18%10 &3<21Megasthenes>21 gentem inter &3Nomadas Indos narium loco foramina tantum ha-&3bentem, anguium modo loripedem, vocari Scyritas. &3Ad extremos fines Indiae ab oriente circa fontem &3Gangis Astomorum gentem sine ore, corpore toto &3hirtam vestiri frondium lanugine, halitu tantum &3viventem et odore, quem naribus trahant. Nullum &3iis cibum nullumque potum tantum radicum flo-&3rumque varios odores et silvestrium malorum, quae @1 &3secum portant itinere, ne desit olfactus%10 &3graviore paulo odore haud difficulter exanimari. @&`19.&3 Supra hos extrema in parte montium Tri-&3spithami Pygmaeique narrantur, ternas spithamas &3longitudine, hoc est, ternos dodrantes non exce-&3dentes, salubri caelo semperque vernante, montibus &3ab aquilone oppositis%10 quos a gruibus infestari &3Homerus quoque prodidit. Fama est, insidentes &3arietum caprarumque dorsis, armatos sagittis veris &3tempore universo agmine ad mare descendere et &3ova pullosque earum alitum consumere%10 ternis ex-&3peditionem eam mensibus confici, aliter futuris gre-&3gibus non resisti. Casas eorum luto pennisque et &3ovorum putaminibus construi. [Aristoteles in ca-&3vernis vivere Pygmaeos tradit%10 cetera de his, ut &3reliqui.] @&`22. &3[Ctesias gentem ex his, quae appelle-&3tur Pandore, in convallibus sitam, annos ducenos &3vivere, in iuventa candido capillo, qui in sene-&3ctute nigrescat. Contra alios quadragenos non &3excedere annos iunctos Macrobiis, quorum feminae &3semel pariant%10 idque et Agatharchides tradit; &3praeterea locustis eos ali et esse pernices.] Man-&3dorum nomen iis dedit Cli-&3tarchus et <21Megasthenes>21, trecentosque eorum vi-&3cos annumerat. Feminas septimo aetatis anno &3parere, senectam quadragesimo accidere. @&Plutarch. De fac. in luna c. 24$%10 *TH\N ME\N GA\R *)INDIKH\N R(I/ZAN, H(/N FHSI <20*MEGA-SQE/NHS>20 MH/T' E)SQI/ONTAS MH/TE PI/NONTAS A)LL' A)STO/MOUS O)/NTAS U(POTU/FEIN KAI\ QUMIA=N KAI\ TRE/FESQAI TH=| O)SMH=|, PO/-QEN A)/N TIS E)KEI= FUOME/NHN LA/BOI MH\ BREXOME/NHS TH=S SELH/NHS; @1 {1&E LIBRO TERTIO.$}1 @&Arrian. Ind. c. 11$%10 *NENE/MHNTAI DE\ OI( PA/NTES *)INDOI\ E)S E(PTA\ MA/LISTA GENEA/S: E)N ME\N AU)TOI=SIN OI( SO-FISTAI/ EI)SI, PLH/QEI+ ME\N MEI/OUS TW=N A)/LLWN, DO/CH| DE\ KAI\ TIMH=| GERARW/TATOI. [1&`2$]1 *OU)/TE GA/R TI TW=| SW/MATI E)RGA/-ZESQAI A)NAGKAI/H SFI\N PROSKE/ETAI, OU)/TE TI A)POFE/REIN A)P' O(/TOU PONE/OUSIN E)S TO\ KOINO/N: OU)DE/ TI A)/LLO A)NA/GKHS A(PLW=S E)PEI=NAI TOI=SI SOFISTH=|SIN, O(/TI MH\ QU/EIN TA\S QUSI/AS TOI=SI QEOI=SIN U(PE\R TOU= KOINOU= TW=N *)INDW=N: [1&`3$]1 KAI\ DE\ I)DI/A| QU/EI, E)CHGHTH\S AU)TW=| TH=S QUSI/HS TW=N TIS SOFISTE/WN TOU/TWN GI/NETAI, W(S OU)K A)\N A)/LLWS KEXARISME/NA TOI=S QEOI=SI QU/SANTAS. [1&`4$]1 *EI)SI\ DE\ KAI\ MANTIKH=S OU(=TOI MOU=NOI *)INDW=N DAH/MONES, OU)DE\ E)FEI=TAI A)/LLW| MANTEU/ESQAI O(/TI MH\ SOFW=| A)NDRI/. [1&`5$]1 *MANTEU/OUSI DE\ O(/SA U(PE\R TW=N W(RE/WN E)/TEOS KAI\ EI)/ TIS E)S TO\ KOINO\N SUMFORH\ KATALAMBA/NEI: TA\ DE\ I)/DIA E(KA/STOISIN OU)/ SFIN ME/LEI MANTEU/ESQAI, H)\ W(S OU)K E)CIKNEOME/NHS TH=S MANTIKH=S E)S TA\ SMIKRO/TERA, H)\ W(S OU)K A)/CION E)PI\ TOU/TOISI PONE/ESQAI. [1&`6$]1 *(/OSTIS DE\ E)S TRI\S MANTEUSA/MENOS, TOU/TW| DE\ A)/LLO ME\N KAKO\N GI/-NESQAI OU)DE\N, SIWPA=N DE\ EI)=NAI E)PA/NAGKES TOU= LOIPOU=: KAI\ OU)K E)/STIN O(/STIS E)CANAGKA/SEI TO\N A)/NDRA TOU=TON FW-NH=SAI, O(/TOU H( SIWPH\ KATAKE/KRITAI. [1&`7$]1 *OU(=TOI GUMNOI\ DIAITW=NTAI OI( SOFISTAI\, TOU= ME\N XEIMW=NOS U(PAI/QRIOI E)N TW=| H(LI/W|, TOU= DE\ QE/REOS E)PH\N O( H(/LIOS KATE/XH|, E)N TOI=SI @1 LEIMW=SI KAI\ TOI=SIN E(/LESIN U(PO\ DE/NDRESI MEGA/LOISIN: W(=N TH\N SKIH\N *NE/ARXOS LE/GEI E)S PE/NTE PLE/QRA E)N KU/KLW| E)CIKNE/ESQAI, KAI\ A)\N KAI\ MURI/OUS A)NQRW/POUS U(PO\ E(NI\ DE/NDREI+ SKIA/ZESQAI: THLIKAU=TA EI)=NAI TAU=TA TA\ DE/NDREA. [1&`8$]1 *SITE/ONTAI DE\ W(RAI=A KAI\ TO\N FLOIO\N TW=N DE/NDREWN, GLUKU/N TE O)/NTA TO\N FLOIO\N KAI\ TRO/FIMON OU) MEI=ON H)/PER AI( BA/LANOI TW=N FOINI/KWN. @&`9$. <20*DEU/TEROI>20 D' E)PI\ TOU/TOISIN OI( GEWRGOI/ EI)SIN: PLH/QEI+ PLEI=STOI *)INDW=N E)O/NTES: KAI\ TOU/TOISIN OU)/TE O(/PLA E)STI\N A)RH/IA OU)/TE ME/LEI TA\ POLE/MIA E)/RGA, A)LLA\ TH\N XW/RHN OU(=TOI E)RGA/ZONTAI: KAI\ TOU\S FO/ROUS TOI=SI TE BASI-LEU=SI KAI\ TH=|SI PO/LISIN, O(/SAI AU)TO/NOMOI, OU(=TOI A)POFE/-ROUSI: [1&`10$]1 KAI\ EI) PO/LEMOS E)S A)LLH/LOUS TOI=SIN *)INDOI=SI TU/XOI, TW=N E)RGAZOME/NWN TH\N GH=N OU) QE/MIS SFI\N A(/PTESQAI, OU)DE\ AU)TH\N TH\N GH=N TA/MNEIN: A)LLA\ OI( ME\N POLEME/OUSI KAI\ KATAKAI/NOUSIN A)LLH/LOUS O(/PWS TU/XOIEN, OI( DE\ PLHSI/ON AU)TW=N KAT' H(SUXI/HN A)ROU=SIN H)\ TRUGW=SIN H)\ KLADOU=SIN H)\ QERI/ZOUSIN. @&`11$. <20*TRI/TOI>20 DE/ EI)SIN *)INDOI=SIN OI( NOME/ES, OI( TE KAI\ BOUKO/LOI, KAI\ OU(=TOI OU)/TE KATA\ PO/LIAS OU)/TE E)N TH=|SI KW/MH|SIN OI)KE/OUSI. *NOMA/DES TE/ EI)SI KAI\ A)NA\ TA\ OU)/REA BIOTEU/OUSI: FO/RON DE\ KAI\ OU(=TOI A)PO\ TW=N KTHNE/WN A)POFE/ROUSI: KAI\ QHREU/OUSIN OU(=TOI A)NA\ TH\N XW/RHN O)/RNI-QA/S TE KAI\ A)/GRIA QHRI/A. @&Cap. XII$. <20*TE/TARTON>20 DE/ E)STI TO\ DHMIOURGIKO/N TE KAI\ KAPHLIKO\N GE/NOS. *KAI\ OU(=TOI LEITOURGOI/ EI)SI, KAI\ FO/RON A)POFE/ROUSIN A)PO\ TW=N E)/RGWN TW=N SFETE/RWN, PLH/N GE DH\ O(/SOI TA\ A)RH/IA O(/PLA POIE/OUSIN: OU(=TOI DE\ KAI\ MISQO\N E)K TOU= KOINOU= PROSLAMBA/NOUSIN. *)EN DE\ TOU/TW| TW=| GE/NEI+ OI(/ TE NAUPHGOI\ KAI\ OI( NAU=TAI/ EI)SIN, O(/SOI KATA\ TOU\S PO-TAMOU\S PLW/OUSI. @&`2$. <20*PE/MPTON>20 DE\ GE/NOS E)STI\N *)INDOI=SIN OI( POLEMISTAI\, PLH/QEI+ ME\N DEU/TERON META\ TOU\S GEWRGOU\S, PLEI/STH| DE\ E)LEUQERI/H| TE KAI\ EU)QUMI/H| E)PIXREO/MENON: KAI\ OU(=TOI A)SKH-TAI\ MOU/NWN TW=N POLEMIKW=N E)/RGWN EI)SI/. [1&`3$]1 *TA\ DE\ O(/PLA A)/LLOI AU)TOI=SI POIE/OUSI, KAI\ I(/PPOUS A)/LLOI PARE/XOUSI: KAI\ DIAKONE/OUSIN E)PI\ STRATOPE/DOU A)/LLOI, OI(\ TOU/S TE I(/PPOUS AU)TOI=SI QERAPEU/OUSI KAI\ TA\ O(/PLA E)KKAQAI/ROUSI KAI\ TOU\S E)LE/FANTAS A)/GOUSI KAI\ TA\ A(/RMATA KOSME/OUSI/ TE KAI\ H(NIOXEU/OUSIN. [1&`4$]1 *AU)TOI\ DE\, E)/ST' A)\N ME\N POLEME/EI POLEME/OUSIN, EI)RH/NHS DE\ GENOME/NHS EU)QUME/ONTAI: KAI/ SFIN MISQO\S E)K TOU= KOINOU= TOSO/SDE E)/RXETAI, W(S KAI\ A)/LLOUS TRE/FEIN A)F' AU)TOU= EU)MARE/WS. @&`5$. <20*(/EKTOI>20 DE/ EI)SIN *)INDOI=SIN OI( E)PI/SKOPOI KALEO/ME-NOI. *OU(=TOI E)FORW=SI TA\ GINO/MENA KATA/ TE TH\N XW/RHN KAI\ KATA\ TA\S PO/LIAS: KAI\ TAU=TA A)NAGGE/LLOUSI TW=| BASILE/I+, I(/NAPER BASILEU/ONTAI *)INDOI\, H)\ TOI=SI TE/LESIN, I(/NAPER AU)-TO/NOMOI EI)SI/: KAI\ TOU/TOISIN OU) QE/MIS YEU=DOS A)GGEI=LAI OU)-DE/N: OU)DE/ TIS *)INDW=N AI)TI/HN E)/SXE YEU/SASQAI. @&`6$. <20*(/EBDOMOI>20 DE/ EI)SIN OI( U(PE\R TW=N KOINW=N BOULEUO/-MENOI O(MOU= TW=| BASILE/I+, H)\ KATA\ TA\S PO/LIAS O(/SAI AU)TO/NOMOI SU\N TH=SIN A)RXH=|SI. [1&`7$]1 *PLH/QEI+ ME\N O)LI/GON TO\ GE/NOS E)STI, SOFI/H| DE\ KAI\ DIKAIO/THTI E)K PA/NTWN PROKEKRIME/NON: E)/NQEN OI(/ TE A)/RXONTES AU)TOI=SIN E)PILE/GONTAI KAI\ O(/SOI NO-MA/RXAI KAI\ U(/PARXOI KAI\ QHSAUROFU/LAKE/S TE KAI\ STRA-TOFU/LAKES, NAU/ARXOI/ TE KAI\ TAMI/AI, KAI\ TW=N KATA\ GEWRGI/HN E)/RGWN E)PISTA/TAI. @&`8$. *GAME/EIN DE\ E)C E(TE/ROU GE/NEOS OU) QE/MIS, OI(=ON TOI=SI GEWRGOI=SIN E)K TOU= DHMIOURGIKOU=, H)\ E)/MPALIN: OU)DE\ DU/O TE/XNAS E)PITHDEU/EIN TO\N AU)TO\N, OU)DE\ TOU=TO QE/MIS: OU)DE\ A)MEI/BEIN E)C E(TE/ROU GE/NEOS EI)S E(/TERON, OI(=ON GEWRGIKO\N E)K NOME/OS GENE/SQAI, H)\ NOME/A E)K DHMIOURGIKOU=. [1&`9$]1 *MOU=NON @1 SFI/SIN A)NEI=TAI SOFISTH\N E)K PANTO\S GE/NEOS GENE/SQAI. O(/TI OU) MALQAKA\ TOI=SI SOFISTH=|SIN EI)SI\ TA\ PRH/GMATA, A)LLA\ PA/NTWN TALAIPWRO/TATA. @&Strabo XV$%10 [1&`1$]1 <20*FHSI\>20 DH\ TO\ TW=N *)INDW=N PLH=QOS EI)S E(PTA\ ME/RH DIH|RH=SQAI, KAI\ PRW/TOUS ME\N TOU\S FILOSO/FOUS EI)=NAI KATA\ TIMH\N, E)LAXI/STOUS DE\ KAT' A)RIQMO/N: XRH=SQAI D' AU)TOI=S I)DI/A| ME\N E(KA/STW| TOU\S QU/ONTAS H)\ TOU\S E)NAGI/ZONTAS, KOINH=| DE\ TOU\S BASILE/AS KATA\ TH\N MEGA/LHN LEGOME/NHN SU/NODON, KAQ' H(\N TOU= NE/OU E)/TOUS A(/PANTES OI( FILO/SOFOI TW=| BASILEI= SUNELQO/NTES E)PI\ QU/RAS, O(/ TI A)\N E(/KASTOS AU)TW=N SUNTA/CH| TW=N XRH-SI/MWN, H)\ THRH/SH| PRO\S EU)ETHRI/AN KARPW=N TE KAI\ ZW/WN KAI\ PERI\ POLITEI/AS, PROFE/REI TOU=TO EI)S TO\ ME/SON: O(\S D' A)\N TRI\S E)YEUSME/NOS A(LW=|, NO/MOS E)STI\ SIGA=N DIA\ BI/OU: TO\N DE\ KATORQW/SANTA A)/FORON KAI\ A)TELH= KRI/-NOUSI. @&`2$. *DEU/TERON DE\ ME/ROS EI)=NAI TO\ TW=N GEWRGW=N, OI(\ PLEI=-STOI/ TE/ EI)SI KAI\ E)PIEIKE/STATOI, OI( E)N A)STRATEI/A| KAI\ A)DEI/A| TOU= E)RGA/ZESQAI PO/LEI MH\ PROSIO/NTES, MHD' A)/LLH| XREI/A|, MHD' O)XLH/SEI KOINH=|: POLLA/KIS GOU=N E)N TW=| AU)TW=| XRO/NW| KAI\ TO/PW|, TOI=S ME\N PARATETA/XQAI SUMBAI/NEI KAI\ DIAKINDUNEU/EIN PRO\S TOU\S POLEMI/OUS: OI( D' A)ROU=SIN, H)\ SKA/PTOUSIN A)KINDU/NWS, PROMA/XOUS E)/XONTES E)KEI/NOUS. *)/ESTI D' H( XW/RA BASILIKH\ PA=SA: MISQOU= D' AU)TH\N E)PI\ TETA/RTAIS E)RGA/ZONTAI TW=N KARPW=N. @&`3$. *TRI/TON TO\ TW=N POIME/NWN KAI\ QHREUTW=N, OI(=S MO/-NOIS E)/CESTI QHREU/EIN KAI\ QREMMATOTROFEI=N, W)/NIA/ TE PA-RE/XEIN KAI\ MISQOU= ZEU/GH: A)NTI\ DE\ TOU= TH\N GH=N E)LEUQE-ROU=N QHRI/WN KAI\ TW=N SPERMOLO/GWN O)RNE/WN METROU=NTAI PARA\ TOU= BASILE/WS SI=TON, PLA/NHTA KAI\ SKHNI/THN NEMO/-MENOI BI/ON. @*PERI\ ME\N OU)=N TW=N QHRI/WN TOSAU=TA LE/GETAI: E)PANIO/N-TES D' E)PI\ TO\N <20*MEGASQE/NH>20 LE/GWMEN TA\ E(CH=S, W(=N A)PE-LI/POMEN. @&`4$. *META\ GA\R TOU\S QHREUTA\S KAI\ TOU\S POIME/NAS <20TE/-TARTO/N>20 FHSIN EI)=NAI ME/ROS TOU\S E)RGAZOME/NOUS TA\S TE/XNAS KAI\ TOU\S KAPHLIKOU\S KAI\ OI(=S A)PO\ TOU= SW/MATOS H( E)RGA-SI/A: W(=N OI( ME\N FO/RON TELOU=SI KAI\ LEITOURGI/AS PARE/-XONTAI TAKTA/S: TOI=S D' O(PLOPOIOI=S KAI\ NAUPHGOI=S MISQOI\ KAI\ TROFAI\ PARA\ BASILE/WS E)/KKEINTAI: MO/NW| GA\R E)RGA/-ZONTAI. *PARE/XEI DE\ TA\ ME\N O(/PLA TOI=S STRATIW/TAIS O( STRATOFU/LAC, TA\S DE\ NAU=S MISQOU= TOI=S PLE/OUSIN O( NAU/ARXOS KAI\ TOI=S E)MPO/ROIS. @&`5$. <20*PE/MPTON>20 E)STI\ TO\ TW=N POLEMISTW=N, OI(=S TO\N A)/LLON XRO/NON E)N SXOLH=| KAI\ PO/TOIS O( BI/OS E)STI\N, E)K TOU= BASI-LIKOU= DIAITWME/NOIS, W(/STE TA\S E)CO/DOUS, O(/TAN EI)/H XREI/A, TAXE/WS POIEI=SQAI, PLH\N TW=N SWMA/TWN MHDE\N A)/LLO KO-MI/ZONTAS PAR' E(AUTW=N. @&`6$. <20*(/EKTOI>20 D' EI)SI\N OI( E)/FOROI: TOU/TOIS D' DE/DOTAI TA\ PRATTO/MENA, KAI\ A)NAGGE/LLEIN LA/QRA TW=| BASILEI=, SUNERGOU\S POIOUME/NOIS TA\S E(TAI/RAS, TOI=S ME\N E)N TH=| PO/LEI TA\S E)N TH=| PO/LEI, TOI=S DE\ E)N STRATOPE/DW| TA\S AU)TO/QI: KAQI/STANTAI D' OI( A)/RISTOI KAI\ PISTO/-TATOI. @&`7$. <20*(/EBDOMOI>20 D' OI( SU/MBOULOI KAI\ SU/NEDROI TOU= BASI-LE/WS, E)C W(=N TA\ A)RXEI=A KAI\ DIKASTH/RIA KAI\ H( DIOI/KHSIS @1 TW=N O(/LWN. *OU)K E)/STI D' OU)/TE GAMEI=N E)C A)/LLOU GE/NOUS, OU)/T' E)PITH/DEUMA OU)/T' E)RGASI/AN METALAMBA/NEIN A)/LLHN E)C A)/LLHS, OU)DE\ PLEI/OUS METAXEIRI/ZESQAI TO\N AU)TO\N, PLH\N EI) TW=N FILOSO/FWN TIS EI)/H: E)A=SQAI GA\R TOU=TON DI' A)RETH/N. @&Strabo XV$%10 *TW=N D' A)RXO/NTWN OI( ME/N EI)SIN A)GORANO/MOI, OI( D' A)STUNO/MOI, OI( D' E)PI\ TW=N STRATIW-TW=N: W(=N OI( ME\N POTAMOU\S E)CERGA/ZONTAI, KAI\ A)NAMETROU=SI TH\N GH=N, W(S E)N *AI)GU/PTW|, KAI\ TA\S KLEISTA\S DIW/RUXAS A)F' W(=N EI)S TA\S O)XETEI/AS TAMIEU/ETAI TO\ U(/DWR, E)PISKO-POU=SIN O(/PWS E)C I)/SHS PA=SIN H( TW=N U(DA/TWN PAREI/H XRH=SIS. *OI( D' AU)TOI\ KAI\ TW=N QHREUTW=N E)PIMELOU=NTAI, KAI\ TIMH=S KAI\ KOLA/SEWS EI)SI\ KU/RIOI TOI=S E)PACI/OIS: KAI\ FOROLOGOU=SI DE\, KAI\ TA\S TE/XNAS TA\S PERI\ TH\N GH=N E)PIBLE/POUSIN, U(LOTO/MWN, TEKTO/NWN, XALKE/WN, METALLEUTW=N: O(DOPOIOU=SI DE\, KAI\ KATA\ DE/KA STA/DIA STH/LHN TIQE/ASI, TA\S E)KTROPA\S KAI\ TA\ DIASTH/MATA DHLOU=SAN. *OI( D' A)STUNO/MOI EI)S E(\C PENTA/DAS DIH/|RHNTAI: KAI\ OI( ME\N TA\ DHMIOURGIKA\ SKOPOU=-SIN, OI( DE\ CENODOXOU=SIN: KAI\ GA\R KATAGWGA\S NE/MOUSI, KAI\ TOI=S BI/OIS PARAKOLOUQOU=SI, PARE/DROUS DO/NTES: KAI\ PROPE/MPOUSIN H)\ AU)TOU\S, H)\ TA\ XRH/MATA TW=N A)POQA-NO/NTWN: NOSOU/NTWN TE E)PIMELOU=NTAI, KAI\ A)POQANO/N-TAS QA/PTOUSI. *TRI/TOI D' EI)SI\N, OI(\ TA\S GENE/SEIS KAI\ QANA/TOUS E)CETA/ZOUSI, PO/TE KAI\ PW=S, TW=N TE FO/RWN XA/RIN, KAI\ O(/PWS MH\ A)FANEI=S EI)=EN AI( KREI/TTOUS KAI\ XEI/-ROUS GONAI\, KAI\ QA/NATOI. *TE/TARTOI OI( PERI\ TA\S KAPH-LEI/AS KAI\ METABOLA/S: OI(=S ME/TRWN ME/LEI KAI\ TW=N W(RAI/WN, O(/PWS A)PO\ SUSSH/MOU PWLOI=TO. *OU)K E)/STI DE\ PLEI/W TO\N AU)TO\N METABA/LLESQAI, PLH\N EI) DITTOU\S U(POTELOI/H FO/-ROUS. *PE/MPTOI D' OI( PROESTW=TES TW=N DHMIOURGOUME/NWN, KAI\ PWLOU=NTES TAU=TA A)PO\ SUSSH/MOU, XWRI\S ME\N TA\ KAINA\, XWRI\S DE\ TA\ PALAIA/: TW=| MIGNU/NTI DE\ ZHMI/A. *(/EKTOI DE\ KAI\ U(/STATOI OI( TA\S DEKA/TAS E)KLE/GONTES TW=N PWLOUME/NWN: QA/NATOS DE\ TW=| KLE/YANTI TO\ TE/LOS. *)IDI/A| ME\N E(/KASTOI TAU=TA, KOINH=| D' E)PIMELOU=NTAI TW=N TE I)DI/WN KAI\ TW=N POLITIKW=N KAI\ TH=S TW=N DHMOSI/WN E)PISKEUH=S TIMW=N TE KAI\ A)GORA=S KAI\ LIME/NWN, KAI\ I(ERW=N. @*META\ DE\ TOU\S A)STUNO/MOUS TRI/TH E)STI\ SUNARXI/A <20H( PERI\ TA\ STRATIWTIKA\>20, KAI\ AU(/TH TAI=S PENTA/SIN E(CAXH=| DIWRISME/NH: W(=N <20TH\N ME\N>20 META\ TOU= NAUA/RXOU TA/TTOUSI, <20TH\N DE\>20 META\ TOU= E)PI\ TW=N BOI+KW=N ZEUGW=N, DI' W(=N O)/R-GANA KOMI/ZETAI KAI\ TROFH\ AU)TOI=S TE KAI\ TOI=S KTH/NESI KAI\ TA\ XRH/SIMA TH=S STRATEI/AS. *OU(=TOI DE\ KAI\ TOU\S DIA-KO/NOUS PARE/XOUSI TUMPANISTA\S KAI\ [1TOU\S]1 KWDWNOFO/-ROUS, E)/TI DE\ KAI\ I(PPOKO/MOUS KAI\ MHXANOPOIOU\S KAI\ TOU\S TOU/TWN U(PHRE/TAS: E)KPE/MPOUSI/ TE PRO\S KW/DWNAS TOU\S XORTOLO/GOUS, TIMH=| KAI\ KOLA/SEI TO\ TA/XOS KA-TASKEUAZO/MENOI KAI\ TH\N A)SFA/LEIAN. <20*TRI/TOI>20 DE/ EI)SIN OI( TW=N PEZW=N E)PIMELOU/MENOI: <20TE/TARTOI>20 D' OI( TW=N @1 I(/PPWN: <20PE/MPTOI>20 D' A(RMA/TWN: <20E(/KTOI>20 DE\ E)LEFA/N-TWN. *BASILIKOI/ TE STAQMOI\ KAI\ I(/PPOIS KAI\ QHRI/OIS: BA-SILIKO\N DE\ KAI\ O(PLOFULA/KION: PARADI/DWSI GA\R O( STRA-TIW/THS TH/N TE SKEUH\N EI)S TO\ O(PLOFULA/KION KAI\ TO\N I(/PPON EI)S TO\N I(PPW=NA KAI\ TO\ QHRI/ON O(MOI/WS. *XRW=NTAI D' A)XALINW/TOIS: TA\ D' A(/RMATA E)N TAI=S O(DOI=S BO/ES E(/LKOUSIN: OI( DE\ I(/PPOI A)PO\ FORBIA=S A)/GONTAI TOU= MH\ PAREMPI/PRA-SQAI TA\ SKE/LH MHDE\ TO\ PRO/QUMON AU)TW=N U(PO\ TOI=S A(/R-MASIN A)MBLU/NESQAI. *DU/O D' EI)SI\N E)PI\ TW=| A(/RMATI PARA-BA/TAI PRO\S H(NIO/XW|: O( DE\ TOU= E)LE/FANTOS H(NI/OXOS TE/TARTOS, TREI=S D' OI( A)P' AU)TOU= TOCEU/ONTES. @&Aelianus XIII, 9$%10 @*(/IPPON DE\ A)/RA *)INDO\N KATASXEI=N KAI\ A)NAKROU=SAI PROPHDW=NTA KAI\ E)KQE/ONTA OU) PANTO\S H)=N, A)LLA\ TW=N E)K PAIDO\S I(PPEI/AN PEPAIDEU-ME/NWN. *TOU=TO GA\R AU)TOI=S E)/STIN E)N E)/QEI, XALINW=| A)/RXEIN AU)TW=N KAI\ R(UQMI/ZEIN AU)TOU\S KAI\ I)QU/NEIN: KHMOI=S DE\ A)/RA KENTRWTOI=S A)KO/LASTO/N TE E)/XOUSI TH\N GLW=TTAN, KAI\ TH\N U(PERW/|AN A)BASA/NISTON: A)NAGKA/ZOUSI DE\ AU)TOU\S O(/MWS OI(/DE OI( TH\N I(PPEI/AN SOFISTAI\ PERIKUKLEI=N KAI\ PERIDI-NEI=SQAI E)S TAU)TO\N STREFOME/NOUS, KAI\ H(=|PER EI)=DON A)STO/-MOUS. *DEI= DE\ A)/RA TW=| TOU=TO DRA/SONTI KAI\ R(W/MHS XEIRW=N, KAI\ E)PISTH/MHS EU)= MA/LA I(PPIKH=S. *PEIRW=NTAI DE\ OI( PROH/-KONTES EI)S A)/KRON TH=SDE TH=S SOFI/AS KAI\ A(/RMA OU(/TWS PE-RIKUKLEI=N KAI\ PERIA/GEIN: EI)/H D' A)\N A)=QLOS OU)K EU)KATAFRO/-NHTOS, A)DHFA/GWN I(/PPWN TE/TRWRON PERISTRE/FEIN R(A|DI/WS. *FE/REI DE\ TO\ A(/RMA PARABA/TAS KAI\ DU/O. *(O DE\ STRATIW/THS E)LE/FAS E)PI\ TOU= KALOUME/NOU QWRAKI/OU, H)\ KAI\ NH\ *DI/A TOU= NW/TOU GUMNOU= KAI\ E)LEUQE/ROU, POLEMISTA\S ME\N TREI=S, PAR' E(KA/TERA BA/LLONTAS, KAI\ TO\N TRI/TON KATO/PIN: TE/-TARTON DE\ TO\N TH\N A(/RPHN KATE/XONTA DIA\ XEIRW=N, KAI\ E)KEI/NH| TO\N QH=RA I)QU/NONTA, W(S OI)/AKI NAU=N KUBERNHTIKO\N A)/NDRA KAI\ E)PISTA/THN TH=S NEW/S. @&Strabo XV, 704$%10 *(/IPPON DE\ KAI\ E)LE/FANTA TRE/FEIN OU)K E)/CESTIN I)DIW/TH|: BASILIKO\N D' E(KA/TERON NENO/MISTAI TO\ KTH=MA, KAI\ EI)SI\N AU)TW=N E)PIMELHTAI/. @*QH/RA DE\ TW=N QHRI/WN TOU/TWN TOIA/DE. *XWRI/ON YILO\N O(/SON TETTA/RWN H)\ PE/NTE STADI/WN TA/FRW| PERIXARA/CANTES BAQEI/A|, GEFUROU=SI TH\N EI)/SODON STENWTA/TH| GEFU/RA|: EI)=T' EI)SAFIA=SI QHLEI/AS TA\S H(MERWTA/TAS TREI=S H)\ TE/TTARAS: AU)TOI\ D' E)N KALUBI/OIS KRUPTOI=S U(POKA/QHNTAI LOXW=NTES: H(ME/RAS ME\N OU)=N OU) PROSI/ASIN OI( A)/GRIOI: NU/KTWR D' E)F' E(/NA POIOU=NTAI TH\N EI)/SODON: EI)SIO/NTWN DE\, KLEI/OUSI TH\N EI)/SODON LA/QRA: EI)=TA TW=N H(ME/RWN A)QLHTW=N TOU\S A)LKIMW-TA/TOUS EI)SA/GONTES, DIAMA/XONTAI PRO\S AU)TOU\S, A(/MA KAI\ LIMW=| KATAPONOU=NTES: H)/DH DE\ KAMNO/NTWN OI( EU)QARSE/STATOI TW=N H(NIO/XWN LA/QRA KATABAI/NONTES, U(PODU/NOUSIN E(/KASTOS TH=| GASTRI\ TOU= OI)KEI/OU O)XH/MATOS: O(RMW/MENOS D' E)NQE/NDE, U(PODU/NEI TW=| A)GRI/W|, KAI\ SU/MPODA DESMEI=: GENOME/NOU DE\ 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E)GGUTA/TW OU)=SAN PLEI/W DEI=N PARASKEUA/ZESQAI. *TAI=S DE\ GUNAICI\ TAI=S GAMETAI=S MH\ SUMFILOSOFEI=N TOU\S *BRAXMA=NAS: EI) ME\N MOXQHRAI\ GE/NOINTO, I(/NA MH/ TI TW=N OU) QEMITW=N E)KFE/ROIEN EI)S TOU\S BEBH/LOUS, EI) DE\ SPOUDAI=AI, MH\ KATALEI/POIEN AU)TOU/S: OU)DE/NA GA\R H(DONH=S KAI\ PO/NOU KATAFRONOU=NTA, W(S D' AU(/-TWS ZWH=S KAI\ QANA/TOU, E)QE/LEIN U(F' E(TE/RW| EI)=NAI: TOIOU=TON D' EI)=NAI TO\N SPOUDAI=ON KAI\ TH\N SPOUDAI/AN. @*PLEI/STOUS D' AU)TOI=S EI)=NAI LO/GOUS PERI\ QANA/TOU: NO-MI/ZEIN GA\R DH\ TO\N ME\N E)NQA/DE BI/ON W(S A)\N A)KMH\N KUOME/-NWN EI)=NAI: TO\N DE\ QA/NATON GE/NESIN EI)S TO\N O)/NTWS BI/ON KAI\ TO\N EU)DAI/MONA TOI=S FILOSOFH/SASI: DIO\ TH=| A)SKH/SEI PLEI/-STH| XRH=SQAI PRO\S TO\ E(TOIMOQA/NATON: A)GAQO\N DE\ H)\ KA-KO\N MHDE\N EI)=NAI TW=N SUMBAINO/NTWN A)NQRW/POIS: OU) GA\R A)\N TOI=S AU)TOI=S TOU\S ME\N A)/XQESQAI, TOU\S DE\ XAI/REIN, E)NU-PNIW/DEIS U(POLH/YEIS E)/XONTAS, KAI\ TOU\S AU)TOU\S TOI=S AU)TOI=S TOTE\ ME\N A)/XQESQAI, TOTE\ D' AU)= XAI/REIN METABALLOME/-NOUS. *TA\ DE\ PERI\ FU/SIN, TA\ ME\N EU)H/QEIAN E)MFAI/NEIN FHSI/N: E)N E)/RGOIS GA\R AU)TOU\S KREI/TTOUS H)\ LO/GOIS EI)=NAI, DIA\ MU/QWN TA\ POLLA\ PISTOUME/NOUS: PERI\ POLLW=N DE\ TOI=S *(/ELLHSIN O(MODOCEI=N: O(/TI GA\R GENHTO\S O( KO/-SMOS KAI\ FQARTO\S, LE/GEIN KA)KEI/NOUS, KAI\ O(/TI SFAIROEIDH/S: O(/ TE DIOIKW=N AU)TO\N KAI\ POIW=N QEO\S DI' O(/LOU DIAPEFOI/-THKEN AU)TOU=: A)RXAI\ DE\ TW=N ME\N SUMPA/NTWN E(/TERAI, TH=S DE\ KOSMOPOII/AS TO\ U(/DWR: PRO\S DE\ TOI=S TE/TTARSI STOI-XEI/OIS PE/MPTH TI/S E)STI FU/SIS, E)C H(=S O( OU)RANO\S KAI\ TA\ A)/STRA: GH= D' E)N ME/SW| I(/DRUTAI TOU= PANTO/S: KAI\ PERI\ SPE/RMATOS DE\ KAI\ YUXH=S O(/MOIA LE/GETAI, KAI\ A)/LLA PLEI/W: PARAPLE/KOUSI DE\ KAI\ MU/QOUS, W(/SPER KAI\ *PLA/TWN PERI/ TE A)FQARSI/AS YUXH=S, KAI\ TW=N KAQ' A(/|DOU KRI/SEWN, KAI\ A)/LLA TOIAU=TA. *PERI\ ME\N TW=N *BRAXMA/NWN TAU=TA LE/GEI. @*TOU\S DE\ *SARMA/NAS, TOU\S ME\N E)NTIMOTA/TOUS *(ULOBI/OUS FHSI\N O)NOMA/ZESQAI, ZW=NTAS E)N TAI=S U(/LAIS A)PO\ FU/LLWN KAI\ KARPW=N A)GRI/WN, E)SQH=TAS D' E)/XEIN A)PO\ FLOIW=N DEN-DREI/WN, A)FRODISI/WN XWRI\S KAI\ OI)/NOU: TOI=S DE\ BASILEU=SI SUNEI=NAI, DI' A)GGE/LWN PUNQANOME/NOIS PERI\ TW=N AI)TI/WN, KAI\ DI' E)KEI/NWN QERAPEU/OUSI KAI\ LITANEU/OUSI TO\ QEI=ON. *META\ DE\ TOU\S *(ULOBI/OUS DEUTEREU/EIN KATA\ TIMH\N TOU\S I)ATRIKOU\S, KAI\ W(S PERI\ TO\N A)/NQRWPON FILOSO/FOUS, LI-TOU\S ME\N, MH\ A)GRAU/LOUS DE\, O)RU/ZH| KAI\ A)LFI/TOIS TREFO-ME/NOUS, A(\ PARE/XEIN AU)TOI=S PA/NTA TO\N AI)THQE/NTA KAI\ U(PODECA/MENON CENI/A|: DU/NASQAI DE\ KAI\ POLUGO/NOUS POIEI=N, KAI\ A)RRENOGO/NOUS, KAI\ QHLUGO/NOUS DIA\ FARMAKEUTIKH=S: TH\N DE\ I)ATREI/AN DIA\ SITI/WN TO\ PLE/ON, OU) DIA\ FARMA/KWN E)PITELEI=SQAI: TW=N FARMA/KWN DE\ MA/LISTA EU)DOKIMEI=N TA\ E)PI/XRISTA KAI\ TA\ KATAPLA/SMATA: TA)/LLA DE\ KA-KOURGI/AS POLU\ METE/XEIN. *)ASKEI=N DE\ KAI\ TOU/TOUS KA)-KEI/NOUS KARTERI/AN, TH/N TE E)N PO/NOIS KAI\ TH\N E)N TAI=S U(POMONAI=S, W(/ST' E)F' E(NO\S SXH/MATOS A)KI/NHTON DIATELE/SAI TH\N H(ME/RAN O(/LHN. *)/ALLOUS D' EI)=NAI TOU\S ME\N MANTIKOU\S @1 KAI\ E)PW|DOU\S KAI\ TW=N PERI\ TOU\S KATOIXOME/NOUS LO/GWN KAI\ NOMI/MWN E)MPEI/ROUS, E)PAITOU=NTAS KAI\ KATA\ KW/MAS KAI\ PO/LEIS: TOU\S DE\ XARIESTE/ROUS TW=N KAQ' A(/|DOU QRU-LOUME/NWN, O(/SA DOKEI= PRO\S EU)SE/BEIAN KAI\ O(SIO/THTA: SUMFILOSOFEI=N D' E)NI/OIS KAI\ GUNAI=KAS, A)PEXOME/NAS KAI\ AU)TA\S A)FRODISI/WN. @&Clem. Alex. Strom. I$%10 *MEGASQE/NHS O( SUGGRAFEU\S O( *SELEU/KW| TW=| *NIKA/TORI SUMBEBIWKW\S E)N TH=| TRI/TH| TW=N *)INDIKW=N W(=DE GRA/FEI: "6*(/APANTA ME/NTOI TA\ PERI\ FU/SEWS EI)RHME/NA PARA\ TOI=S A)RXAI/OIS LE/GETAI KAI\ PARA\ TOI=S E)/CW TH=S *(ELLA/DOS FILO-SOFOU=SI, TA\ ME\N PAR' *)INDOI=S U(PO\ TW=N *BRAXMA/NWN, TA\ DE\ E)N TH=| *SURI/A| U(PO\ TW=N KALOUME/NWN *)IOUDAI/WN."6 @&Clemens l. l.$%10 *DITTO\N DE\ TOU/TWN TO\ GE/NOS: OI( ME\N *SARMA=NAI AU)TW=N, OI( DE\ *BRAXMA=NAI KALOU/MENOI: KAI\ TW=N *SARMANW=N OI( *(ULO/BIOI PROSAGO-REUO/MENOI OU)/TE PO/LEIS OI)KOU=SIN OU)/TE STE/GAS E)/XOUSIN, DE/NDRWN DE\ A)MFIE/NNUNTAI FLOIOI=S, KAI\ A)KRO/DRUA SITOU=N-TAI KAI\ U(/DWR TAI=S XERSI\ PI/NOUSIN: OU) GA/MON, OU) PAIDO-POII/AN I)/SASIN, [W(/SPER OI( NU=N *)EGKRATHTAI\ KALOU/MENOI, EI)SI\ DE\ TW=N *)INDW=N OI( TOI=S *BOU/TTA PEIQO/MENOI PARAG-GE/LMASIN, O(\N DI' U(PERBOLH\N SEMNO/THTOS W(S QEO\N TETIMH/-KASI.] @1 @&Strabo XV$%10 <20*MEGASQE/NHS>20 D' E)N ME\N TOI=S FILOSO/FOIS OU)K EI)=NAI DO/GMA FHSI\N E(AUTOU\S E)CA/GEIN: TOU\S DE\ POIOU=NTAS TOU=TO, NEANIKOU\S KRI/NESQAI, TOU\S ME\N SKLHROU\S TH=| FU/SEI FEROME/NOUS E)PI\ PLHGH\N H)\ KRHMNO\N, TOU\S D' A)PO/NOUS E)PI\ BUQO\N, TOU\S DE\ POLUPO/NOUS A)PAGXO-ME/NOUS, TOU\S DE\ PURW/DEIS EI)S PU=R W)QOUME/NOUS, OI(=OS H)=N KAI\ O( *KA/LANOS, A)KO/LASTOS A)/NQRWPOS, KAI\ TAI=S *)ALE-CA/NDROU TRAPE/ZAIS DEDOULWME/NOS: TOU=TON ME\N OU)=N YE/-GESQAI, TO\N DE\ *MA/NDANIN E)PAINEI=SQAI, O(\S TW=N TOU= *)ALE-CA/NDROU A)GGE/LWN KALOU/NTWN PRO\S TO\N *DIO\S UI(O\N, PEIQOME/NW| TE DW=RA E)/SESQAI U(PISXNOUME/NWN, A)PEI-QOU=NTI DE\ KO/LASIN: MH/TE E)KEI=NON FAI/H *DIO\S UI(O\N, O(/S GE A)/RXEI MHDE\ POLLOSTOU= ME/ROUS TH=S GH=S: MHDE\ AU)TW=| DEI=N TW=N PAR' E)KEI/NOU DWREW=N, W(=| OU)DEI\S KO/ROS: MH/TE DE\ A)PEILH=S EI)=NAI FO/BON, W(=| ZW=NTI ME\N A)RKOU=SA EI)/H TRO-FO\S H( *)INDIKH\, A)POQANO/NTI DE\ A)PALLA/CAITO TH=S SARKO\S A)PO\ GH/RWS TETRUXWME/NHS, METASTA\S EI)S BELTI/W KAI\ KAQARW/TERON BI/ON: W(/ST' E)PAINE/SAI TO\N *)ALE/CANDRON KAI\ SUGXWRH=SAI. @&Arrian. Exp. Alex. VII, 2, 4$%10 *OU)KOU=N OU)DE\ *)ALE/CANDRON E)PIXEIRH=SAI BIA/SASQAI, GNO/NTA E)LEU/QERON O)/NTA TO\N A)/NDRA: A)LLA\ *KA/LANON GA\R A)NAPEI-SQH=NAI TW=N TAU/TH| SOFISTW=N, O(/NTINA MA/LISTA DH\ AU(TOU= A)KRA/TORA *MEGASQE/NHS A)NE/GRAYEN: AU)TOU/S TE TOU\S SO-FISTA\S LE/GEIN KAKI/ZONTAS TO\N *KA/LANON, O(/TI A)POLIPW\N TH\N PARA\ SFI/SIN EU)DAIMONI/AN, O( DE\ DESPO/THN A)/LLON H)\ TO\N QEO\N E)QERA/PEUE. @1