{1*FILI/PPW|.}1 @*PERDI/KKAS ME\N E)NDEDEI=XQAI/ MOI DOKEI= PERI\ POLLOU= POIOU/MENOS KATA\ TO\N *(HSI/ODON TA\ H(MI/SEA PA/NTWN KE-KTH=SQAI, NOMI/ZWN TA\ ME\N XRH/MATA KAI\ DIA\ TU/XHN A)/N TINA POLLA\ KTH/SASQAI, %2%2%2%2 TW=N BELTI/STWN EI)=NAI. SOI\ DE\ O(/SIO/N E)STIN A)DELFA\ TOI=S PAR' E)KEI/NOU U(PHRGME/-NOIS PRA/TTEIN, O(/PWS A)\N DOKH=|S KAI\ TO\ H)=QOS A)DELFO\S EI)=-NAI TOU= PERI\ SOU= DIANOHQE/NTOS TOIAU=TA. NO/MIZE DE\ PA/NTAS PROSE/XEIN SOI TO\N NOU=N KAI\ SKOPEI=N POI=O/S TIS @1 E)/SH| PRO\S TO\N A)DELFO/N, KAI\ TOU\S ME\N BELTI/STOUS A)GW-NIA=N BOULOME/NOUS KAI\ E)CISOU=SQAI/ SE TH=| TOU= A)DELFOU= E)PIEIKEI/A| KAI\ U(PERBA/LLEIN, TOU\S DE\ FAU/LOUS FQONOU=N-TAS H(DE/WS A)/N TI I)DEI=N PERI\ U(MA=S GINO/MENON PLHMMELE/S. OU(\S DEI= NOMI/SANTA POLEMI/OUS EI)=NAI META\ TW=N BEL-TI/STWN A)GWNI/ZESQAI W(S AU)TO\N O)/NTA E(/NA TOU/TWN. DOKEI= GA/R MOI OU) MO/NON A(MILLHTE/ON EI)=NAI PRO\S TA\ TOU= A)DEL-FOU= E)/RGA, A(\ E)KEI/NW| U(PE\R TOU= KOINOU= PE/PRAKTAI, A)LLA\ KAI\ PRO\S TA\S EU)ERGESI/AS, O(/PWS MH\ KATADEE/STERAI AI( PARA\ SOU= PRO\S E)KEI=NON GI/NWNTAI. PERI\ PLEI/STOU DE\ DEI= SE POIEI=SQAI SW/FRONA/ TE EI)=NAI KAI\ KATH/KOON TOU= A)DELFOU=, O)/NTOS PERI\ SE\ OI(=O/SPER NU=N E)STI/N. E)/RRWSO. @*)ENO/MIZON E)PITH/DEION EI)=NAI/ MOI MHDE\N TW=N KALW=S E)XO/NTWN PARALIPEI=N KAI\ DIA\ TH\N *PLA/TWNOS E)NTOLH\N KAI\ DIA\ TH\N U(PA/RXOUSAN E)MOI\ KAI\ SOI\ FILI/AN. KAI\ W)/|MHN DEI=N GRA/YAI PRO\S SE/, PW=S DIAKEI/MENOS TUGXA/NW TO\ SWMA/TION KAI\ DIO/TI NOMI/ZW PARAGENO/MENO/N SE EI)S A)KA-DH/MEIAN SUNE/XEIN TO\N PERI/PATON. TAU=TA DE\ W(S DI/KAIA/ E)STI KAI\ KALW=S E)/XONTA PEIRA/SOMAI/ SOI FRA/ZEIN. *PLA/-TWN, KAQA/PER KAI\ SU\ OI)=SQA, OU)K E)N TH=| TUXOU/SH| TIMH=| TH\N E)N TH=| A)KADHMEI/A| DIATRIBH\N H)=GE, NOMI/ZWN EI)=NAI/ TI KAI\ PRO\S DO/CAN O)RQH\N KAI\ PRO\S TO\N AU)TOU= BI/ON KAI\ TH\N U(/STERON PAR' A)NQRW/POIS MNEI/AN E)SOME/NHN. @8 KAI\ TOU/TWN OU(/TWS E)XO/NTWN, DIO/TI SE PERI\ PLEI/ONOS POIOU/-MENOS E)TU/GXANE, TELEUTW=N TO\N BI/ON E)MARTU/RHSEN: E)PE/-SKHYE GA\R PA=SIN H(MI=N TOI=S OI)KEI/OIS A)/N TI PA/QH|S PRO\S E(AUTO\N QEI=NAI/ SE, NOMI/SAS OU)K A)PALLAGH/SESQAI/ SE TO\ PARA/PAN TH=S A)KADHMEI/AS. DIO\ DH\ KAI\ MA/LISTA/ MOI FAI/NETAI/ SOI PROSH=KON EI)=NAI KAI\ ZW=NTA KAI\ TEQNHKO/TA *PLA/TWNA TIMA=N: QEW=N GA\R DH\ KAI\ GONE/WN KAI\ EU)ERGE-TW=N POIHTE/ON E)PIME/LEIAN TO\N XARI/ENTA. OI)KEIOTA/TH DE\ TOI=S EI)RHME/NOIS EU(RI/SKOIT' A)\N OU)=SA H( *PLA/TWNOS SUNOU-SI/A PRO\S TOU\S SUNO/NTAS: TW=N ME\N GA\R W(S GENNH/SAS, TW=N DE\ W(S EU)ERGE/THS E)PEMELEI=TO, KOINH=| DE\ PRO\S A(/PANTAS QEOU= TA/CIN EI)=XEN. @8 SUMBOULEU/W DE\ KALO\N H(GOU/MENOS KAI\ DI/KAION EI)=NAI XA/RIN A)PODIDO/NAI SE *PLA/TWNI PASW=N MEGI/STHN KA)KEI/NW| MA/LISTA A(RMO/ZOUSAN, A)PODW/|HS D' A)\N EI) PARAGENO/MENOS TH\N A)KADH/MEIAN KADHPERIPE %2%2%2%2. SOFI/A GA\R A)LHQH\S LE/GOIT' A)\N E)NDI/KWS BEBAIO/-THS KAI\ PI/STIS. PROSH/KEI DE\ H(MA=S E)N TOU/TOIS POLU\ TW=N A)NQRW/PWN DIAFE/REIN, SU\ DE\ KAI\ DOKEI=S MEI=ON TOU= PROSH/KONTOS E)PIMELH\S EI)=NAI. @*)/EDOCE/ MOI GRA/YAI PRO\S SE\ E)PISTOLH\N PERI\ TW=N SUM-BEBHKO/TWN MOI KATA\ TO\ SWMA/TION: OU) GA\R METRI/WS E)KLELOI/PASIN AI( DUNA/MEIS TW=N MERW=N A(PA/NTWN, W(/STE MHDE\N E)/TI E)NERGEI=N DU/NASQAI. KATA\ TU/XHN DE/ TINA H( GLW=TTA KAI\ TA\ PERI\ TH\N KEFALH\N MEME/NHKEN, EI) MH\ KAI\ DIA\ TO\ KEXWRISME/NON KAI\ DIA\ TO\ QEIO/TATA EI)=NAI. PA/LAI ME\N OU)=N E)BOULO/MHN PAREI=NAI/ SE, EU)= DE\ POIH/SEIS @1 KAI\ NU=N PARAGINO/MENOS: KAI\ GA\R TW=N PERI\ E)ME\ PRO-STH/SH| KATA\ TRO/PON, W(S E)GW\ EU)= OI)=DA, KAI\ TW=N E)N TW=| PERIPA/TW| E)PIMELH/SH| PROSHKO/NTWS. @1 {1[2*SPEU/SIPPOS *FILI/PPW| TW=| BASILEI= EU)= PRA/TTEIN.]2}1 @*)ANTI/PATROS O( FE/RWN TH\N E)PISTOLH\N TO\ ME\N GE/NOS E)STI\ *MA/GNHS, GRA/FEI D' *)AQH/NHSI PA/LAI TA\S *(ELLHNIKA\S PRA/CEIS, A)DIKEI=SQAI DE/ FHSIN U(PO/ TINOS E)N *MAGNHSI/A|. DIA/KOUSON OU)=N AU)TOU= TO\ PRA=GMA KAI\ BOH/QHSON W(S A)\N DU/NH| PROQUMO/TATA. DIKAI/WS D' A)\N AU)TW=| BOHQH/SEIAS DIA\ POLLA\ KAI\ DIO/TI, PAR' H(MI=N A)NAGNW-SQE/NTOS E)N DIATRIBH=| TOU= SOI\ PEMFQE/NTOS U(P' *)ISOKRA/TOUS LO/GOU, TH\N ME\N U(PO/QESIN E)PH/|NESEN, TO\ DE\ PARALIPEI=N TA\S EI)S TH\N *(ELLA/DA GENOME/NAS EU)ERGESI/AS U(MW=N E)NEKA/LESE. PEIRA/SOMAI D' AU)TW=N EI)PEI=N O)LI/GAS. *)ISOKRA/THS ME\N GA\R OU)/TE TA\S EI)S TH\N *(ELLA/DA GENOME/NAS EU)ERGESI/AS U(PO\ SOU= KAI\ TW=N SW=N PROGO/NWN DEDH/LWKEN OU)/TE TA\S U(PO/ TINWN KATA\ SOU= GEGENHME/NAS DIABOLA\S LE/LUKEN OU)/TE *PLA/TWNOS E)N TOI=S PRO\S SE\ PEMFQEI=SI LO/GOIS A)PE/SXHTAI. @1 @*KAI/TOI XRH=N PRW=TON ME\N TH\N U(PA/RXOUSAN OI)KEIO/THTA PRO\S TH\N H(METE/RAN PO/LIN AU)TO\N MH\ LAQEI=N, A)LLA\ POIH=SAI KAI\ TOI=S A)PO\ SOU= GENOME/NOIS FANERA/N: *(HRAKLH=S GA/R, O)/NTOS NO/MOU TO\ PALAIO\N H(MI=N MHDE/NA CE/NON MUEI=SQAI, BOULHQEI\S MUEI=SQAI, GI/NETAI *PULI/OU QETO\S UI(O/S: TOU/TOU D' O)/NTOS TOIOU/TOU, TOU\S LO/GOUS E)CH=N *)ISOKRA/TEI LE/GEIN W(S PRO\S POLI/THN, E)PEIDH\ TO\ GE/NOS U(MW=N E)STIN A)F' *(HRAKLE/OUS: META\ DE\ TAU=TA TA\S *)ALECA/NDROU TOU= SOU= PROGO/NOU KAI\ TW=N A)/LLWN TA\S EI)S TH\N *(ELLA/DA GENOME/NAS EU)ERGE-SI/AS E)CAGGE/LLEIN. NUNI\ D' W(/SPER A)POR)R(H/TOUS SUMFORA\S AU)TW=N KATASESIW/PHKE. *CE/RCOU GA\R PRE/SBEIS E)PI\ TH\N *(ELLA/DA PE/M-YANTOS GH=N KAI\ U(/DWR AI)TH/SONTAS, *)ALE/CANDROS TOU\S ME\N PRE/SBEIS A)PE/KTEINEN, U(/STERON DE\ STRATEUSA/NTWN TW=N BARBA/RWN OI( *(/ELLHNES E)PI\ TO\ U(ME/TERON *(HRA/KLEION A)PH/NTHSAN, *)ALECA/NDROU DE\ TH\N *)ALEU/OU KAI\ *QETTALW=N PRODOSI/AN TOI=S *(/ELLHSI MHNU/SANTOS A)NAZEU/CANTES OI( *(/ELLHNES DI' *)ALE/CANDRON E)SW/QHSAN. KAI/TOI TOU/TWN XRH=N MH\ MO/NON *(HRO/DOTON KAI\ *DAMA/STHN MEMNH=SQAI TW=N EU)ERGESIW=N, A)LLA\ KAI\ TO\N E)N TAI=S TE/XNAIS [1&Is. V `77$]1 A)POFAINO/-MENON % E)K TH=S A)/SIN PRO/GONON H( TOU\S EU)/NOUS DEI=N PRO/S [2S']2 EI)=NAI TOU\S A)KROATA/S. PROSH=KEN DE\ KAI\ TH\N E)N *PLATAIAI=S E)PI\ *MARDONI/OU GENOME/NHN DHLW=SAI KAI\ TA\S E(CH=S TOSAU/TAS TW=N SW=N PROGO/NWN EU)ERGESI/AS. OU(/TW GA\R A)\N O( PERI\ SOU= GRAFEI\S LO/GOS TH=S PARA\ TW=N *(ELLH/NWN EU)NOI/AS E)/TUXEN MA=LLON H)\ MHDE\N A)GAQO\N PERI\ TH=S U(METE/RAS BASILEI/AS EI)PO/NTOS. H)=N DE\ KAI\ [2TO\]2 TA\ PALAIA\ DIALEXQH=NAI TH=S *)ISOKRA/TOUS H(LIKI/AS, TO\ D' EU)RU/QMWS, W(/S FHSIN AU)TO/S [1&V io$]1, A)NQOU/SHS TH=S DIANOI/AS. @*)ALLA\ MH\N KAI\ TA\S DIABOLA\S E)NH=N LU=SAI TA\S TO\ PLEI=STON U(P' *)OLUNQI/WN GIGNOME/NAS. TI/S GA\R A)\N OU(/TWS EU)H/QH SE NOMI/SEIEN, @1 W(/STE SOI POLEMOU/NTWN *)ILLURIW=N KAI\ *QRA|KW=N, E)/TI D' *)AQHNAI/WN KAI\ *LAKEDAIMONI/WN KAI\ A)/LLWN *(ELLH/NWN KAI\ BARBA/RWN PO/LEMON PRO\S *)OLUNQI/OUS E)CENEGKEI=N; A)LLA\ PERI\ ME\N TOU/TWN OU)K E)N E)PI-STOLH=| PRO\S SE\ MHKUNTE/ON, A(\ D' E)STIN OU)K E)MPODW\N TOI=S TUXOU=SIN EI)PEI=N, E)K POLLOU= TE XRO/NOU TOI=S PA=SI KATASESIW/PHTAI, SUMFE/REI DE/ SOI PUQE/SQAI, TAU=TA/ MOI DOKW= FRA/SEIN KAI\ TOU/TWN A)CIW/SEIN EU)AG-GE/LIA, DIKAI/AN XA/RIN, *)ANTIPA/TRW| PARA\ SOU= DOQH=NAI. PERI\ GA\R TH=S GENOME/NHS *)OLUNQI/OIS XW/RAS, W(/S E)STI TO\ PALAIO\N *(HRAKLEIDW=N A)LL' OU) *XALKIDE/WN, O( FE/RWN TH\N E)PISTOLH\N MO/NOS KAI\ PRW=TOS A)CIO-PI/STOUS MU/QOUS EI)/RHKE. TO\N AU)TO\N GA/R FHSI TRO/PON *NHLE/A ME\N E)N *MESSH/NH|, *SULE/A DE\ PERI\ TO\N *)AMFIPOLITIKO\N TO/PON U(F' *(HRAKLE/OUS U(BRISTA\S O)/NTAS A)POLE/SQAI, KAI\ DOQH=NAI PARAKATAQH/KHN FULA/TTEIN *NE/STORI ME\N TW=| *NHLE/WS *MESSH/NHN, *DIKAI/W| DE\ TW=| *SULE/WS A)DELFW=| TH\N *FULLI/DA XW/RAN, KAI\ *MESSH/NHN ME\N U(/STERON POLLAI=S GENEAI=S *KRESFO/NTHN KOMI/SASQAI, TH\N D' *)AMFIPOLI=TIN, *(HRAKLEIDW=N OU)=SAN, *)AQHNAI/OUS KAI\ *XALKIDE/AS LABEI=N. W(S D' AU)/TWS U(F' *(HRAKLE/OUS A)NAIREQH=NAI KAKOU/RGOUS KAI\ PARANO/MOUS *(IPPOKO/WNTA ME\N E)N *SPA/RTH| TU/RANNON, *)ALKUONE/A D' E)N *PALLH/NH|, KAI\ *SPA/RTHN ME\N *TUNDA/REW|, *POTEI/DAIAN DE\ KAI\ TH\N A)/LLHN *PALLH/NHN *SIQW=NI TW=| *POSEIDW=NOS PARAKATAQE/SQAI, KAI\ TH\N ME\N *LAKWNIKH\N TOU\S *)ARISTODH/MOU PAI=DAS E)N TAI=S *(HRAKLEIDW=N KAQO/DOIS A)POLABEI=N, *PALLH/NHN D' *)ERETRIA=S KAI\ *KORINQI/OUS KAI\ TOU\S A)PO\ *TROI/AS *)AXAIOU/S, *(HRAKLEIDW=N OU)=SAN, KATASXEI=N. TO\N AU)TO\N DE\ TRO/PON E)CAGGE/LLEI PERI\ TH\N *TORWNAI/AN TOU\S *PRWTI/DAS TURA/NNOUS *TMW=LON KAI\ *THLE/GONON W(S *(HRAKLH=S A)NE/LOI KAI\ PERI\ *)AMBRAKI/AN *KLEI/DHN KAI\ TOU\S *KLEI/DOU PAI=DAS A)POKTEI/NAS, *)ARISTOMA/XW| ME\N TW=| *SIQW=NOS TH\N *TORWNAI/AN THREI=N PROSTA/CEIEN, H(\N *XALKIDEI=S U(METE/RAN OU)=SAN KATW/|KISAN, *LADI/KH| [2DE\]2 KAI\ *XARA/TTH| [2TH\N]2 *)AMBRAKIKH\N XW/RAN E)GXEIRI/SEIEN, A)CIW=N A)PODOU=NAI TA\S PARAKATAQH/KAS TOI=S A)P' AU)TOU= GIGNOME/NOIS. A)LLA\ MH\N KAI\ TA\S U(POGUI/OUS *)ALECA/NDROU TH=S *)HDWNW=N XW/RAS KTH/SEIS *MAKEDO/NES PA/NTES I)/SASI. *KAI\ @1 TAU=T' E)STIN OU) PROFA/SEIS *)ISOKRA/TOUS OU)D' O)NOMA/TWN YO/FOS, A)LLA\ LO/GOI DUNA/MENOI TH\N SH\N A)RXH\N W)FELEI=N. @*)EPEIDH\ DE\ KAI\ PERI\ TW=N *)AMFIKTUONIKW=N PRAGMA/TWN DH=LOS EI)= SPOUDA/ZWN, E)BOULH/QHN SOI FRA/SAI MU=QON PAR' *)ANTIPA/TROU, TI/NA TRO/PON PRW=TON OI( *)AMFIKTU/ONES SUNE/STHSAN, KAI\ PW=S, O)/NTES *)AMFIKTU/ONES, *FLEGU/AI ME\N U(P' *)APO/LLWNOS, *DRU/OPES D' U(F' *(HRAKLE/OUS, *KRISAI=OI D' U(PO\ TW=N *)AMFIKTUO/NWN A)NH|RE/QHSAN. OU(=TOI GA\R PA/NTES *)AMFIKTU/ONES GENO/MENOI TW=N YH/FWN A)FH|RE/-QHSAN, E(/TEROI DE\ TA\S TOU/TWN YH/FOUS LABO/NTES TH=S TW=N *)AMFI-KTUO/NWN SUNTELEI/AS METE/SXON. W(=N E)NI/OUS SE/ FHSI MEMIMH=SQAI KAI\ LABEI=N A)=QLON *PUQI/OIS TH=S EI)S *DELFOU\S STRATEI/AS PARA\ TW=N *)AMFIKTUO/NWN TA\S DU/O *FWKE/WN YH/FOUS. W(=N O( TA\ PALAIA\ KAINW=S KAI\ TA\ KAINA\ PALAIW=S E)PAGGELLO/MENOS DIDA/SKEIN LE/GEIN [1&IV `8$]1 NU=N OU)/TE TA\S A)RXAI/AS PRA/CEIS OU)/TE TA\S U(PO\ SOU= NEWSTI\ DIAGWNISQEI/SAS OU)/TE TA\S TOI=S XRO/NOIS METACU\ GENOME/NAS MEMU/-QEUKE. KAI/ TOI DOKEI= TA\S ME\N OU)K A)KHKOE/NAI, TA\S D' OU)K EI)DE/NAI, TW=N D' E)PILELH=SQAI. @*PRO\S DE\ TOU/TOIS E)PI\ PRA/CEIS SE DIKAI/AS PARAKALW=N O( SOFI-STH/S, TH\N ME\N *)ALKIBIA/DOU FUGH\N KAI\ KA/QODON E)PAINW=N E)N PARA-DEI/GMATI DEDH/LWKE [1&V `58_61$]1, TA\ DE\ MEI/ZW KAI\ KALLI/W PRA/GMATA TW=| PATRI/ SOU PRAXQE/NTA PARE/LIPEN. *)ALKIBIA/DHS ME\N GA\R E)P' A)SEBEI/A| FUGW\N KAI\ PLEI=STA TH\N PATRI/DA TH\N AU(TOU= KAKW=S POIH/SAS EI)S AU)TH\N KATH=LQEN, *)AMU/NTAS D' U(PE\R BASILEI/AS STA/SEI NIKHQEI\S BRAXU\N XRO/NON U(POXWRH/SAS META\ TAU=TA PA/LIN *MAKEDONI/AS H)=RCEN: EI)=Q' O( ME\N PA/LIN FUGW\N AI)SXRW=S TO\N BI/ON E)TELEU/THSEN, O( DE\ SO\S PATH\R BASILEU/WN KATEGH/RASE. PARH/NEGKE DE/ SOI KAI\ TH\N *DIONUSI/OU MONARXI/AN [1&V `65$]1, W(/SPER PROSH=KO/N SOI TOU\S A)SE-BESTA/TOUS A)LL' OU) TOU\S SPOUDAIOTA/TOUS MIMH/SASQAI KAI\ ZHLWTH\N TW=N KAKI/STWN A)LL' OU) TW=N DIKAIOTA/TWN GENE/SQAI. KAI\ FHSI\ ME\N E)N TAI=S TE/XNAIS [1&V `113$]1 PROSH/KEIN OI)KEI=A KAI\ GNW/RIMA TA\ PARA-DEI/GMATA FE/REIN, O)LIGWRH/SAS DE\ TH=S TE/XNHS A)LLOTRI/OIS KAI\ TOI=S AI)SXI/STOIS KAI\ TOI=S PRO\S TO\N LO/GON W(S E)NANTIWTA/TOIS PARADEI/- @1GMASI XRH=TAI. KAI/TOI PA/NTWN KATAGELASTO/TATA TOIAU=TA GRA/FWN XARIE/NTWS A)MU/NASQAI/ FHSI [1&V `22$]1 TW=N MAQHTW=N TOU\S E)PITIMW=NTAS: OI( DE\ XEIRWQE/NTES TW=N AU)TW=| PLHSIAZO/NTWN, A)KMA/ZONTES TH=S R(HTORIKH=S TH=| DUNA/MEI KAI\ PARA\ TAU=T' OU)DE\N E)/XONTES EI)PEI=N, OU(/TWS E)PH/|NESAN TO\N LO/GON, W(/STE TO\ PRWTEI=ON TW=N LO/GWN TW=| LO/GW| TOU/TW| DEDW/KASI [1&V `23$]1. KATAMA/QOIS D' A)\N E)N BRAXEI= TH\N *)ISOKRA/TOUS I(STORI/AN KAI\ TH\N PAIDEI/AN E)C W(=N *KURHNAI/OUS ME\N POIEI=, TOU\S [2U(PO\ PA/NTWN *QHRAI/OUS]2 A)KOU/ONTAS, A)POI/KOUS *LAKEDAIMONI/WN [1&V `5$]1, TO\N DE\ *PONTIKO\N MAQHTH\N A)PE/DEICE TH=S AU(TOU= SOFI/AS DIA/DOXON, OU(= SU/, POLLOU\S TEQEAME/NOS SOFISTA/S, BDELURW/TERON OU)X E(O/RAKAS. @*PUNQA/NOMAI DE\ KAI\ *QEO/POMPON PAR' U(MI=N ME\N EI)=NAI PA/NU YUXRO/N, PERI\ DE\ *PLA/TWNOS BLASFHMEI=N, KAI\ TAU=Q' W(/SPER OU) *PLA/TWNOS TH\N A)RXH\N TH=S A)RXH=S E)PI\ *PERDI/KKOU KATASKEUA/SANTOS KAI\ DIA\ TE/LOUS XALEPW=S FE/RONTOS, EI)/ TI GI/GNOITO PAR' U(MI=N A)NH/MERON H)\ MH\ FILA/DELFON. I(/N' OU)=N *QEO/POMPOS PAU/SHTAI TRAXU\S W)/N, KE/LEUSON *)ANTI/PATRON PARANAGNW=NAI TW=N *(ELLHNIKW=N PRA/CEWN AU)TW=| KAI\ GNW/SETAI *QEO/POMPOS DIKAI/WS ME\N U(PO\ PA/NTWN E)CALEIFO/-MENOS, A)DI/KWS DE\ TH=S PARA\ SOU= XORHGI/AS TUGXA/NWN. @*(OMOI/WS DE\ KAI\ *)ISOKRA/THS, E)PEIDH\ NE/OS ME\N W)\N EI)S TO\N DH=MON META\ *TIMOQE/OU KAQ' U(MW=N E)PISTOLA\S AI)SXRA\S E)/GRAFE, NUNI\ DE\ PRESBU/THS W)/N, W(/SPER MISW=N H)\ FQONW=N TA\ PLEI=STA TW=N U(MI=N U(PARXO/NTWN A)GAQW=N PARALE/LOIPEN, A)PE/STALKE DE/ SOI LO/GON, O(\N TO\ ME\N PRW=TON E)/GRAFEN *)HGHSILA/W|, MIKRA\ [2DE\]2 DIASKEUA/SAS U(/STERON E)PW/LEI TW=| *SIKELI/AS TURA/NNW| *DIONUSI/W|, TO\ DE\ TRI/TON TA\ ME\N A)FELW\N TA\ DE\ PROSQEI\S E)MNH/STEUSEN *)ALECA/NDRW| TW=| *QETTALW=|, TO\ DE\ TELEUTAI=ON NU=N PRO\S SE\ GLI/SXRWS AU)TO\N A)PHKO/NTISEN. @1 BOULOI/MHN D' A)\N XWRH=SAI TO\ BIBLI/ON A)NAMNH=SAI TA\S E)N TW=| LO/GW| PRO\S SE\ PEMFQEI/SAS U(P' AU)TOU= PROFA/SEIS: E)PI\ ME\N GA\R *)AMFIPO/LEW/S FHSI [1&V `7$]1 KWLU=SAI TH\N GENOME/NHN EI)RH/NHN GRA/YAI LO/GON, U(PE\R TH=S *(HRAKLE/OUS [2D']2 A)QANASI/AS U(/STERON AU)TW=| SOI FRA/SEIN [1&V `33$]1, U(PE\R E)NI/WN DE\ DIA\ TH\N H(LIKI/AN O(MOLOGW=N MALAKW/TERON GRA/FEIN SUGGNW/MHS A)CIOI= TUXEI=N [1&V `149$]1, MH\ QAUMA/ZEIN D' EI) KAI/ PWS A)NAGNOU\S O( *PONTIKO\S MWLU/TERON, [KAI\] FAULO/TERON POIEI= FAI/NESQAI TO\N LO/GON [1&V `26 &sq$.]1, TO\N *PE/RSHN D' W(S KATASTRATHGH/SEIS AU)TO\N EI)DE/NAI SE/ FHSI [1&V `105$]1. *)ALLA\ GA\R TA\S LOIPA\S SKH/YEIS GRA/FEIN E)PILEI/PEI MOI TO\ BIBLI/ON: TOSAU/THN H(MI=N SPA/NIN BIBLI/WN BASILEU\S *AI)/GUPTON LABW\N PEPOI/HKEN. @*)/ERRWSO KAI\ *)ANTIPA/TROU DIA\ TAXE/WN E)PIMELHQEI\S PRO\S H(MA=S AU)TO\N A)PO/STEILON. @1 @@@@@@@{1$10*S*P*E*U*S*I*P*P*O*U$}1 *SW=MA ME\N E)N KO/LPOIS KATE/XEI TO/DE GAI=A *PLA/TWNOS, @YUXH\ D' I)SO/QEOS TA/CIN E)/XEI MAKA/RWN. @1 &Diogenes Laertius III, 2 [1I, p. 121, 9_15$]1 *SPEU/SIPPOS D' E)N TW=| E)PIGRAFOME/NW| *PLA/TWNOS PERIDEI/PNW| KAI\ *KLE/AR-XOS E)N TW=| *PLA/TWNOS E)GKWMI/W| KAI\ *)ANACILI/DHS E)N TW=| DEUTE/RW| *PERI\ FILOSO/FWN FASI\N W(S *)AQH/NHSIN H)=N LO/GOS W(RAI/AN OU)=SAN TH\N *PERIKTIO/NHN BIA/ZESQAI TO\N *)ARI/STWNA KAI\ MH\ TUGXA/NEIN: PAUO/MENO/N TE TH=S BI/AS I)DEI=N TH\N TOU= *)APO/LLWNOS O)/YIN: O(/QEN KAQARA\N GA/MOU FULA/CAI E(/WS TH=S A)POKUH/SEWS. &Diogenes Laertius IX, 23 [1II, p. 449, 5_7$]1 *LE/GETAI DE\ [1&sc.$ O( *PARMENI/DHS]1 KAI\ NO/MOUS QEI=NAI TOI=S POLI/TAIS, W(/S FHSI *SPEU/SIPPOS E)N TW=| *PERI\ FILOSO/FWN. @1 &Clement, &3Stromata &II, 4, 19, 3 [1II, pp. 122, 23_123, 2$]1 *SPEU/SIPPOS GA\R E)N TW=| *PRO\S *KLEOFW=NTA PRW/TW| TA\ O(/MOIA TW=| *PLA/TWNI E)/OIKE DIA\ TOU/TOU GRA/FEIN: "3EI) GA\R H( BASILEI/A SPOUDAI=ON O(/ TE SOFO\S MO/NOS BASILEU\S KAI\ A)/RXWN, O( NO/MOS LO/GOS W)\N O)RQO\S SPOUDAI=OS."3 &Aristotle, &3Sophistici Elenchi &`174 B 19_27$ *)/ETI KAQA/PER KAI\ E)N TOI=S R(HTORIKOI=S, KAI\ E)N TOI=S E)LEGKTIKOI=S O(MOI/WS TA\ E)NANTIW/MATA QEWRHTE/ON H)\ PRO\S TA\ U(F' E(AUTOU= LEGO/MENA H)\ PRO\S OU(\S O(MOLOGEI= KALW=S LE/GEIN H)\ PRA/TTEIN, E)/TI PRO\S TOU\S DOKOU=NTAS TOIOU/TOUS H)\ PRO\S TOU\S O(MOI/OUS, H)\ PRO\S TOU\S PLEI/STOUS H)\ PRO\S PA/NTAS. W(/SPER TE KAI\ A)POKRINO/MENOI POLLA/KIS, O(/TAN E)LE/GXWNTAI, POIOU=SI DITTO/N, A)\N ME/LLH| SUMBAI/NEIN E)LEGXQH/SESQAI, KAI\ E)RWTW=NTAS XRHSTE/ON POTE\ TOU/TW| PRO\S TOU\S E)NISTAME/NOUS_A)\N W(DI\ ME\N SUMBAI/NH| W(DI\ DE\ MH/, O(/TI OU(/TWS EI)/LHFEN, OI(=ON O( *KLEOFW=N POIEI= E)N TW=| *MANDROBOU/LW|. &Anonymous, &3In Aristot. Soph. Elench. Paraphrasis, &p. 40, 8_14$ *)/ETI W(/SPER E)N TOI=S KAQ' O(MWNUMI/AN OI( A)POKRINO/MENOI POIOU=SI POLLA/KIS E)LEGXO/MENOI [1DIAIROU=SI GA\R U(/STERON SUNAISQO/MENOI TH=S A)PA/THS TO\ DITTO/N, KAI\ W(S E)P' A)/LLOU SHMAINOME/NOU DEDW/KASIN H)\ O(\ SUNH=CEN O( E)RWTW=N]1, OU(/TW KAI\ TOU\S E)RWTW=NTAS XRHSTE/ON POTE\ TOU/TW| PRO\S TOU\S E)NISTAME/NOUS TW=N E)RWTWME/NWN W(S OU)K E)LEGXOME/NOUS, A)\N W(DI\ ME\N SUMBAI/NH| W(DI\ DE\ MH/, O(/TI OU(/TWS EI)/LHFE KAI\ PROE/TEINEN O(\ SUNH/GAGEN, OI(=ON O( *KLEOFW=N POIEI= E)N TW=| *MANDROBOU/LW| TW=| *PLATWNIKW=| DIALO/GW|. &Athenaeus II, 61 C [1I, p. 143, 23_24$]1 *S*I*A. *SPEU/SIPPOS E)N B# *(OMOI/WN FHSI\ E)N U(/DATI GI/NESQAI, SELI/NW| E(LEI/W| TO\ FU/LLON E)OIKO/S. &Athenaeus II, 68 E [1I, p. 161, 22_26$]1 *SPEU/SIPPOS D' E)N TOI=S *(OMOI/OIS TO\N PE/PONA KALEI= SIKU/AN: *DIOKLH=S @1 DE\ PE/PONA O)NOMA/SAS OU)K E)/TI KALEI= SIKU/AN: KAI\ O( *SPEU/SIPPOS DE\ SIKU/AN EI)PW\N PE/PONA OU)K O)NOMA/ZEI. &Athenaeus III, 86 C_D [1I, p. 200, 8_9 and 13_15$]1 *SPEU/SIPPOS D' E)N B# *(OMOI/WN PARAPLH/SIA EI)=NAI KH/RUKAS, PORFU/RAS, STRABH/LOUS, KO/GXOUS ......... E)/TI O( *SPEU/SIPPOS E(CH=S PA/LIN I)DI/A| KATARIQMEI=TAI KO/GXOUS, KTE/NAS, MU=S, PI/NNAS, SWLH=NAS, KAI\ E)N A)/LLW| ME/REI O)/STREA, LEPA/DAS. &Athenaeus III, 105 B [1I, p. 240, 19_21$]1 *SPEU/SIPPOS DE\ E)N B# *(OMOI/WN PARAPLH/SIA/ FHSIN EI)=NAI TW=N MALA-KOSTRA/KWN KA/RABON, A)STAKO/N, NU/MFHN, A)/RKTON, KARKI/NON, PA/GOURON. &Athenaeus IV, 133 B [1I, p. 302, 22_23$]1 *)/ESTIN D' H( KERKW/PH ZW=|ON O(/MOION TE/TTIGI KAI\ TITIGONI/W|, W(S *SPEU/SIPPOS PARI/STHSIN E)N D[2EUTE/RW|]2 *(OMOI/WN. &Photius, &3Lexicon, s.v.$ PHNI/ON [1&II, pp. 88_89]1 %6 Suidas, &3s.v.$ PHNI/ON [1&IV, p. 126, 18_22$]1 *PHNI/ON: ZW=|ON O(/MOION KW/NWPI: *)ARISTOFA/NHS *NEFE/LAIS. "3*KEI/SESQON W(/SPER PHNI/W BINOUME/NW"3: A)NTI\ TOU= CHROI/: SKW/PTEI GA\R TOU\S PERI\ *XAIRE-FW=NTA EI)S CHRO/THTA KAI\ A)SQE/NEIAN: O(/TI DE\ KW/NWPOS EI)=DO/S E)STI, *SPEU/SIP-POS E)N TW=| B# TW=N O(MOIOTH/TWN FHSI\N OU(/TWS: PHNI/ON, E)MPI/S, KW/NWY. &Athenaeus VII, 300 E [1II, p. 162, 10_12$]1 *E*R*U*Q*R*I*N*O*S. *)ARISTOTE/LHS E)N TW=| PERI\ ZW/|WN KAI\ *SPEU/SIPPOS PARAPLH/SIA/ FHSIN EI)=NAI FA/GRON, E)RUQRI=NON, H(/PATON. &Athenaeus VII, 327 C [1II, p. 220, 9_10$]1 *F*A*G*R*O*S. *SPEU/SIPPOS E)N DEUTE/RW| *(OMOI/WN PARAPLH/SIA/ FHSIN EI)=NAI FA/GRON, E)RUQRI=NON, H(/PATON. @1 &Athenaeus VII, 301 C [1II, p. 163, 26_27$]1 *SPEU/SIPPOS D' O(/MOION FA/GRW| TO\N H(/PATON. &Athenaeus VII, 303 D [1II, p. 168, 23_24$]1 *KAI\ *SPEU/SIPPOS D' E)N DEUTE/RW| *(OMOI/WN DII/STHSIN AU)TA\S [1&sc.$ TA\S QUNNI/DAS]1 TW=N QU/NNWN. &Athenaeus VII, 308 D [1II, p. 180, 2_4$]1 *SPEU/SIPPOS D' E)N DEUTE/RW| *(OMOI/WN E)MFEREI=S FHSIN EI)=NAI MELA/NOURON KAI\ KORAKI=NON. &Athenaeus VII, 313 A [1II, p. 189, 5_7$]1 *SPEU/SIPPOS D' E)N DEUTE/RW| *(OMOI/WN O(/MOIA/ FHSIN EI)=NAI TH=| MAINI/DI BO/AKA KAI\ SMARI/DAS. &Athenaeus VII, 286 F [1II, p. 133, 25$]1 *SPEU/SIPPOS DE\ KAI\ OI( A)/LLOI *)ATTIKOI\ BO/AKAS [1&sc.$ KALOU=SI TOU\S BW=KAS]1. &Athenaeus VII, 313 D_E [1II, p. 190, 6_8$]1 *(/OMOION DE\ EI)=NAI TW=| MELANOU/RW| FHSI\ *SPEU/SIPPOS E)N DEUTE/RW| *(OMOI/WN TO\N KALOU/MENON YU/RON. &Athenaeus VII, 318 E [1II, p. 201, 7_9$]1 *EI)/DH D' E)STI\ POLUPO/DWN E(LEDW/NH, POLUPODI/NH, BOLBITI/NH, O)SMU/LOS, W(S *)ARISTOTE/LHS I(STOREI= KAI\ *SPEU/SIPPOS. &Athenaeus VII, 319 B_C [1II, p. 202, 16_18 and 24_26$]1 *P*E*R*K*A*I. TOU/TWN ME/MNHTAI *DIOKLH=S KAI\ *SPEU/SIPPOS E)N DEUTE/RW| *(OMOI/WN, PARAPLHSI/AS EI)=NAI LE/GWN PE/RKHN, XA/NNAN, FUKI/DA ..... @1 *P*E*R*K*H. KAI\ TAU/THS *)EPI/XARMOS E)N *(/HBAS GA/MW| ME/MNHTAI KAI\ *SPEU/SIPPOS E)N B# TW=N *(OMOI/WN KAI\ *NOUMH/NIOS, W(=N TA\ MARTU/RIA PRO/KEI-TAI. &Athenaeus VII, 319 D [1II, p. 203, 12_13$]1 *KAI\ *SPEU/SIPPOS AU)TH\N [1&sc.$ TH\N R(AFI/DA]1 BELO/NHN KALEI=. &Athenaeus VII, 323 A_B [1II, pp. 210, 27_211, 4$]1 *SPEU/SIPPOS DE\ E)N DEUTE/RW| *(OMOI/WN W(S PARAPLH/SIA E)KTI/QETAI KE/STRAN, BELO/NHN, SAURI/DA. KAI\ OI( *)ATTIKOI\ DE\ W(S E)PI\ TO\ POLU\ TH\N SFU/RAI-NAN KALOU=SI KE/STRAN, SPANI/WS DE\ TW=| TH=S SFURAI/NHS O)NO/MATI E)XRH/-SANTO. &Athenaeus VII, 323 F [1II, p. 212, 22_23$]1 *TOU=TO DE\ SHMEIWTE/ON PRO\S *SPEU/SIPPON LE/GONTA EI)=NAI O(/MOIA SHPI/AN TEUQI/DA. &Athenaeus VII, 324 F [1II, p. 214, 24_26$]1 *SPEU/SIPPOS D' E)MFERH= FHSIN EI)=NAI KO/KKUGA, XELIDO/NA, TRI/GLAN. &Athenaeus VII, 329 F [1II, p. 226, 5_6$]1 *SPEU/SIPPOS D' E)N B# *(OMOI/WN PARAPLH/SIA/ FHSIN EI)=NAI YH=TTAN, BOU/GLWSSON, TAINI/AN. &Athenaeus IX, 369 B [1II, p. 306, 10_12$]1 *SPEU/SIPPOS D' E)N DEUTE/RW| *(OMOI/WN "3R(AFANI/S,"3 FHSI/, "3GOGGULI/S, R(A/FUS, A)NA/RRINON O(/MOIA."3 &Athenaeus IX, 387 C [1II, p. 344, 5_7$]1 *MNHMONEU/EI D' AU)TW=N [1&sc.$ TW=N FASIANW=N]1 KAI\ *SPEU/SIPPOS E)N DEUTE/RW| *(OMOI/WN. FASIANO\N DE\ OU(=TOI KEKLH/KASIN AU)TO\N KAI\ OU) FASIANIKO/N. @1 &Athenaeus IX, 391 D [1II, p. 353, 15_16$]1 *KAI\ *SPEU/SIPPOS D' E)N DEUTE/RW| *(OMOI/WN XWRI\S TOU= KW=PAS AU)TOU\S [1&sc.$ TOU\S SKW=PAS]1 O)NOMA/ZEI. &Hesychius, &3s.v.$ SUBW/TAS [1&IV, p. 90, 48$]1 *SUBW/TAS: *SPEU/SIPPOS O( FILO/SOFOS, ZW=|O/N TI. [&Iamblichus], &3Theologoumena Arithmeticae, &pp. 82, 10_85, 23$ *(/OTI KAI\ *SPEU/SIPPOS O( *PWTW/NHS ME\N UI(O\S TH=S TOU= *PLA/TWNOS A)DELFH=S, DIA/DOXOS DE\ *)AKADHMI/AS PRO\ *CENOKRA/TOU, E)K TW=N E)CAIRE/TWS SPOUDASQEI-SW=N A)EI\ *PUQAGORIKW=N A)KROA/SEWN, MA/LISTA DE\ TW=N *FILOLA/OU SUGGRAM-MA/TWN, BIBLI/DIO/N TI SUNTA/CAS GLAFURO\N E)PE/GRAYE ME\N AU)TO\ *PERI\ *PUQA-GORIKW=N A)RIQMW=N, A)P' A)RXH=S DE\ ME/XRI H(MI/SOUS PERI\ TW=N E)N AU)TOI=S GRAM-MIKW=N E)MMELE/STATA DIECELQW\N POLUGWNI/WN TE KAI\ PANTOI/WN TW=N E)N A)RIQMOI=S E)PIPE/DWN A(/MA KAI\ STEREW=N PERI/ TE TW=N PE/NTE SXHMA/TWN, A(\ TOI=S KOSMIKOI=S A)PODI/DOTAI STOIXEI/OIS, I)DIO/THTOS AU)TW=N KAI\ PRO\S A)/LLHLA KOINO/THTOS, A)NALOGI/AS TE KAI\ A)NTAKOLOUQI/AS, META\ TAU=TA LOIPO\N QA/TERON TO\ TOU= BIBLI/OU H(/MISU PERI\ DEKA/DOS A)/NTIKRUS POIEI=TAI FUSIKWTA/THN AU)TH\N A)POFAI/NWN KAI\ TELESTIKWTA/THN TW=N O)/NTWN, OI(=ON EI)=DO/S TI TOI=S KOSMIKOI=S A)POTELE/SMASI TEXNIKO/N, E)F' E(AUTH=S A)LL' OU)X H(MW=N NOMISA/NTWN H)\ W(S E)/TUXE QEME/NWN U(PA/RXOUSAN KAI\ PARA/DEIGMA PANTELE/STATON TW=| TOU= PANTO\S POIHTH=| QEW=| PROEKKEIME/NHN. LE/GEI DE\ TO\N TRO/PON TOU=TON PERI\ AU)TH=S: "3E)/STI DE\ TA\ DE/KA TE/LEIOS, KAI\ O)RQW=S TE KAI\ KATA\ FU/SIN EI)S TOU=TON KATANTW=MEN PANTOI/WS A)RIQMOU=NTES *(/ELLHNE/S TE KAI\ PA/NTES A)/NQRWPOI OU)DE\N AU)TOI\ E)PITHDEU/ONTES: POLLA\ GA\R I)/DIA E)/XEI, A(\ PROSH/KEI TO\N OU(/TW TE/LEION E)/XEIN, POLLA\ DE\ I)/DIA ME\N OU)K E)/STIN AU)TOU=, DEI= DE\ E)/XEIN AU)TA\ TE/LEION. PRW=TON ME\N OU)=N A)/RTION DEI= EI)=NAI, O(/PWS I)/SOI E)NW=SIN OI( PERISSOI\ KAI\ A)/RTIOI KAI\ MH\ E(TEROMERW=S: E)PEI\ GA\R PRO/TEROS A)EI/ E)STIN O( PERISSO\S TOU= A)RTI/OU, EI) MH\ A)/RTIOS EI)/H O( SUMPERAI/NWN, PLEONEKTH/SEI O( E(/TEROS: E)/TI DE\ I)/SOUS E)/XEIN XRH\ TOU\S PRW/TOUS KAI\ A)SUNQE/TOUS KAI\ TOU\S DEUTE/ROUS KAI\ SUNQE/TOUS: O( DE\ DE/KA E)/XEI I)/SOUS, KAI\ OU)DEI\S A)\N A)/LLOS E)LA/SSWN TW=N DE/KA TOU=TO E)/PAQEN A)RIQMO/S, PLEI/WN DE\ TA/XA [KAI\ GA\R O( IB# KAI\ A)/LLOI TINE/S], A)LLA\ PUQMH\N AU)TW=N O( DE/KA: KAI\ PRW=TOS TOU=TO E)/XWN KAI\ E)LA/XISTOS TW=N E)XO/NTWN TE/LOS TI E)/XEI, KAI\ I)/DIO/N PWS AU)TOU= TOU=TO GE/GONE TO\ E)N PRW/TW| AU)TW=| I)/SOUS A)SUNQE/TOUS TE KAI\ SUNQE/TOUS W)=FQAI, E)/XWN TE TOU=TO E)/XEI PA/LIN KAI\ TOU\S POLLAPLASI/OUS KAI\ TOU\S U(POPOLLAPLASI/OUS, W(=N EI)SI POLLAPLA/SIOI: E)/XEI @1 ME\N GA\R U(POPOLLAPLASI/OUS TOU\S ME/XRI PE/NTE, OI( DE\ A)PO\ TW=N E(\C ME/XRI TW=N DE/KA OI( POLLAPLA/SIOI AU)TW=N: E)PEI\ DE\ TA\ E(PTA\ OU)DENO/S, E)CAIRETE/ON KAI\ TA\ TE/SSARA W(S POLLAPLA/SIA TOU= DU/O, W(/STE I)/SOUS EI)=NAI PA/LIN DEI=. E)/TI PA/NTES OI( LO/GOI E)N TW=| I#, O(/ TE TOU= I)/SOU KAI\ TOU= MEI/ZONOS KAI\ TOU= E)LA/TTONOS KAI\ TOU= E)PIMORI/OU KAI\ TW=N LOIPW=N EI)DW=N E)N AU)TW=|, KAI\ OI( GRAMMIKOI\ [2KAI\]2 OI( E)PI/PEDOI KAI\ OI( STEREOI/: TO\ ME\N GA\R E(\N STIGMH/, TA\ DE\ DU/O GRAMMH/, TA\ DE\ TRI/A TRI/GWNON, TA\ DE\ TE/SSARA PURAMI/S: TAU=TA DE\ PA/NTA E)STI\ PRW=TA KAI\ A)RXAI\ TW=N KAQ' E(/KASTON O(MOGENW=N. KAI\ A)NALOGIW=N DE\ PRW/TH AU(/TH E)STI\N H( E)N AU)TOI=S O)FQEI=SA H( TO\ I)/SON ME\N U(PERE/XOUSA, TE/LOS DE\ E)/XOUSA E)N TOI=S DE/KA. E)/N TE E)PIPE/DOIS KAI\ STEREOI=S PRW=TA/ E)STI TAU=TA: STIGMH\ GRAMMH\ TRI/GWNON PURAMI/S: E)/XEI DE\ TAU=TA TO\N TW=N DE/KA A)RIQMO\N KAI\ TE/LOS I)/SXEI. TETRA\S ME\N GA\R E)N PURAMI/DOS GWNI/AIS H)\ BA/SESIN, E(CA\S DE\ E)N PLEURAI=S, W(/STE DE/KA: TETRA\S DE\ PA/LIN E)N STIGMH=S KAI\ GRAMMH=S DIASTH/MASI KAI\ PE/RASIN, E(CA\S DE\ E)N TRIGW/NOU PLEURAI=S KAI\ GWNI/AIS, W(/STE PA/LIN DE/KA. KAI\ MH\N KAI\ E)N TOI=S SXH/MASI KAT' A)RIQMO\N SKEPTOME/NW| SUMBAI/NEI: PRW=TON GA/R E)STI TRI/GWNON TO\ I)SO/PLEURON, O(\ E)/XEI MI/AN PWS GRAMMH\N KAI\ GWNI/AN: LE/GW DE\ MI/AN, DIO/TI I)/SAS E)/XEI: A)/SXISTON GA\R A)EI\ KAI\ E(NOEIDE\S TO\ I)/SON: DEU/TERON DE\ TO\ H(MITETRA/GWNON: MI/AN GA\R E)/XON PARALLAGH\N GRAMMW=N KAI\ GWNIW=N E)N DUA/DI O(RA=TAI: TRI/TON DE\ TO\ TOU= I)SOPLEU/ROU H(/MISU TO\ KAI\ H(MITRI/GWNON: PA/NTWS GA\R A)/NISON KAQ' E(/KASTON, TA\ DE\ PA/NTA AU)TOU= TRI/A E)STI/N. KAI\ E)PI\ TW=N STEREW=N EU(RI/SKOIS A)\N A)/XRI TW=N TETTA/RWN PROI+W\N TO\ TOIOU=TO, W(/STE DEKA/DOS KAI\ OU(/TWS YAU/EI: GI/NETAI GA/R PWS H( ME\N PRW/TH PURAMI\S MI/AN PWS GRAMMH/N TE KAI\ E)PIFA/NEIAN E)N I)SO/THTI E)/XOUSA, E)PI\ TOU= I)SOPLEU/ROU I(STAME/NH: H( DE\ DEUTE/RA DU/O, E)PI\ TETRAGW/NOU E)GHGERME/NH, MI/AN PARALLAGH\N E)/XOUSA, PARA\ TH=S E)PI\ TH=S BA/SEWS GWNI/AS U(PO\ TRIW=N E)PIPE/DWN PERIEXOME/NH, TH\N KATA\ KORUFH\N U(PO\ TETTA/RWN SUGKLEIOME/NH, W(/STE E)K TOU/TOU DUA/DI E)OIKE/NAI: H( DE\ TRI/TH TRIA/DI, E)PI\ H(MITETRAGW/NOU BEBHKUI=A KAI\ SU\N TH=| O)FQEI/SH| MIA=| W(S E)N E)PIPE/DW| TH=| H(MITETRAGW/NW| E)/TI KAI\ A)/LLHN E)/XOUSA DIAFORA\N TH\N TH=S KORUFAI/AS GWNI/AS, W(/STE TRIA/DI A)\N O(MOIOI=TO, PRO\S O)RQA\S TH\N GWNI/AN E)/XOUSA TH=| TH=S BA/SEWS ME/SH| PLEURA=|: TETRA/DI DE\ H( TETA/RTH KATA\ TAU)TA/, E)PI\ H(MITRIGW/NW| BA/SEI SUNISTAME/NH, W(/STE TE/LOS E)N TOI=S DE/KA LAMBA/NEIN TA\ LEXQE/NTA. TA\ AU)TA\ DE\ KAI\ E)N TH=| GENE/SEI: PRW/TH ME\N GA\R A)RXH\ EI)S ME/GEQOS STIGMH/, DEUTE/RA GRAMMH/, TRI/TH E)PIFA/NEIA, TE/TARTON STEREO/N."3 @1 &Aristotle, &3Metaphysics &`1028 B 15_27$ *DOKEI= DE/ TISI TA\ TOU= SW/MATOS PE/RATA, OI(=ON E)PIFA/NEIA KAI\ GRAMMH\ KAI\ STIGMH\ KAI\ MONA/S, EI)=NAI OU)SI/AI, KAI\ MA=LLON H)\ TO\ SW=MA KAI\ TO\ STEREO/N: E)/TI PARA\ TA\ AI)SQHTA\ OI( ME\N OU)K OI)/ONTAI EI)=NAI OU)DE\N TOIOU=TON, OI( DE\ PLEI/W KAI\ MA=LLON, O)/NTA A)I/+DIA, W(/SPER *PLA/TWN TA/ TE EI)/DH KAI\ TA\ MAQHMATIKA\ DU/O OU)SI/AS, TRI/THN DE\ TH\N TW=N AI)SQHTW=N SWMA/TWN OU)SI/AN, *SPEU/SIPPOS DE\ KAI\ PLEI/OUS OU)SI/AS A)PO\ TOU= E(NO\S A)RCA/MENOS, KAI\ A)RXA\S E(KA/STHS OU)SI/AS, A)/LLHN ME\N A)RIQMW=N A)/LLHN DE\ MEGEQW=N, E)/PEITA YUXH=S: KAI\ TOU=TON DH\ TO\N TRO/PON E)PEKTEI/NEI TA\S OU)SI/AS. E)/NIOI DE\ TA\ ME\N EI)/DH KAI\ TOU\S A)RIQMOU\S TH\N AU)TH\N E)/XEIN FASI\ FU/SIN, TA\ DE\ A)/LLA E)XO/MENA, GRAMMA\S KAI\ E)PI/PEDA, ME/XRI PRO\S TH\N TOU= OU)RANOU= OU)SI/AN KAI\ TA\ AI)SQHTA/. &Pseudo_Alexander, &3In Metaph., &pp. 462, 34_463, 1 [1on 1028 &B 21_24$]1 *SPEU/SIPPOS DE\ O( TOU/TOU MAQHTH\S KAI\ PLEI/W TW=N TRIW=N E)/LEGEN EI)=NAI TA\S OU)SI/AS TA\S NOHTA/S, PRW/THN ME\N TO\ AU)TOE/N, A)/LLHN DE\ TH\N TW=N A)RIQMW=N A)RXH/N, A)/LLHN TH\N TW=N MEGEQW=N, KAI\ A)/LLHN TH\N TH=S YUXH=S: KAI\ OU(/TWS E)PEKTEI/NEI EI)S PLH=QOS TA\ GE/NH TW=N OU)SIW=N. @1 &Asclepius, &3In Metaph., &pp. 377, 34_378, 3 [1on 1028 B 2 ff.$]1 *(OMOI/WS KAI\ OI( PERI\ *SPEU/SIPPON KAI\ *CENOKRA/THN. KAI\ O( ME\N *SPEU/SIPPOS POLLA\S E)/LEGEN EI)=NAI OU)SI/AS: A)/LLHN GA\R OU)SI/AN E)/LEGEN EI)=NAI MEGEQW=N KAI\ A)/LLHN A)RIQMW=N, KAI\ E)PI\ PA/NTWN TW=N O(MOI/WN, KAI\ PA/LIN A)/LLHN OU)SI/AN NOU= KAI\ A)/LLHN YUXH=S, KAI\ A)/LLHN SHMEI/OU KAI\ A)/LLHN GRAMMH=S KAI\ A)/LLHN E)PIFANEI/AS, E)PEIDH\, FHSI/, DIAFO/RWS E)DO/CASAN OI( PRO\ H(MW=N. &Asclepius, &3In Metaph., &p. 379, 12_15 [1on 1028 B 21_24$]1 *SPEU/SIPPOS DE\ KAI\ PLEI/OUS OU)SI/AS U(POTI/QETAI A)PO\ TOU= E(NO\S A)RCA/-MENOS, KAI\ A)RXA\S KAI\ OU)SI/AS: A)/LLHN GA\R OU)SI/AN LE/GEI EI)=NAI TW=N A)RIQMW=N KAI\ A)/LLHN TW=N MEGEQW=N KAI\ A)/LLHN YUXH=S, KAI\ OU(/TWS E)PEKTEI/NEI TA\S OU)SI/AS. &Aristotle, &3Metaphysics &`1075 B 37_1076 A 4$ *OI( DE\ LE/GONTES TO\N A)RIQMO\N PRW=TON TO\N MAQHMATIKO\N KAI\ OU(/TWS A)EI\ A)/LLHN E)XOME/NHN OU)SI/AN KAI\ A)RXA\S E(KA/STHS A)/LLAS, E)PEISODIW/DH TH\N TOU= PANTO\S OU)SI/AN POIOU=SIN [1OU)DE\N GA\R H( E(TE/RA TH=| E(TE/RA| SUMBA/LLETAI OU)=SA H)\ MH\ OU)=SA]1 KAI\ A)RXA\S POLLA/S: TA\ DE\ O)/NTA OU) BOU/LETAI POLITEU/ESQAI KAKW=S. "3OU)K A)GAQO\N POLUKOIRANI/H: EI(=S KOI/RANOS E)/STW."3 &Aristotle, &3Metaphysics &`1069 A 30_36$ *OU)SI/AI DE\ TREI=S, MI/A ME\N AI)SQHTH/_H(=S H( ME\N A)I/+DIOS H( DE\ FQARTH/, H(\N PA/NTES O(MOLOGOU=SIN, OI(=ON TA\ FUTA\ KAI\ TA\ ZW=|A [H( D' A)I/+DIOS]_H(=S A)NA/GKH TA\ STOIXEI=A LABEI=N, EI)/TE E(\N EI)/TE POLLA/: A)/LLH DE\ A)KI/NHTOS, KAI\ TAU/THN FASI/ TINES EI)=NAI XWRISTH/N, OI( ME\N EI)S DU/O DIAIROU=NTES, OI( DE\ EI)S MI/AN FU/SIN TIQE/NTES TA\ EI)/DH KAI\ TA\ MAQHMATIKA/, OI( DE\ TA\ MAQHMATIKA\ MO/NON TOU/TWN. @1 &Aristotle, &3Metaphysics &`1076 A 16_23 and 32_37$ *DU/O D' EI)SI\ DO/CAI PERI\ TOU/TWN: TA/ TE GA\R MAQHMATIKA/ FASIN OU)SI/AS EI)=NAI/ TINES, OI(=ON A)RIQMOU\S KAI\ GRAMMA\S KAI\ TA\ SUGGENH= TOU/TOIS, KAI\ PA/LIN TA\S I)DE/AS. E)PEI\ DE\ OI( ME\N DU/O TAU=TA GE/NH POIOU=SI, TA/S TE I)DE/AS KAI\ TOU\S MAQHMATIKOU\S A)RIQMOU/S, OI( DE\ MI/AN FU/SIN A)MFOTE/RWN, E(/TEROI DE/ TINES TA\S MAQHMATIKA\S MO/NON OU)SI/AS EI)=NAI/ FASI, SKEPTE/ON PRW=TON ME\N PERI\ TW=N MAQHMATIKW=N, .......... A)NA/GKH D', EI)/PER E)/STI TA\ MAQHMATIKA/, H)\ E)N TOI=S AI)SQHTOI=S EI)=NAI AU)TA\ KAQA/PER LE/GOUSI/ TINES, H)\ KEXWRISME/NA TW=N AI)SQHTW=N [1LE/GOUSI DE\ KAI\ OU(/TW TINE/S]1: H)\ EI) MHDETE/RWS, H)\ OU)K EI)SI\N H)\ A)/LLON TRO/PON EI)SI/N: W(/SQ' H( A)MFISBH/THSIS H(MI=N E)/STAI OU) PERI\ TOU= EI)=NAI A)LLA\ PERI\ TOU= TRO/POU. &Aristotle, &3Metaphysics 1080 B 11_17 and 23_30$ *OI( ME\N OU)=N A)MFOTE/ROUS FASI\N EI)=NAI TOU\S A)RIQMOU/S, TO\N ME\N E)/XONTA TO\ PRO/TERON KAI\ U(/STERON TA\S I)DE/AS, TO\N DE\ MAQHMATIKO\N PARA\ TA\S I)DE/AS KAI\ TA\ AI)SQHTA/, KAI\ XWRISTOU\S A)MFOTE/ROUS TW=N AI)SQHTW=N: OI( DE\ TO\N MAQHMATIKO\N MO/NON A)RIQMO\N EI)=NAI, TO\N PRW=TON TW=N O)/NTWN, KEXWRISME/NON TW=N AI)SQHTW=N. KAI\ OI( *PUQAGO/REIOI D' E(/NA, TO\N MAQHMATIKO/N, PLH\N OU) KEXWRISME/NON ....... O(MOI/WS DE\ KAI\ PERI\ TA\ MH/KH KAI\ PERI\ TA\ E)PI/PEDA KAI\ PERI\ TA\ STEREA/. OI( ME\N GA\R E(/TERA TA\ MAQHMATIKA\ KAI\ TA\ META\ TA\S I)DE/AS: TW=N DE\ A)/LLWS LEGO/NTWN OI( ME\N TA\ MAQHMATIKA\ KAI\ MAQHMATIKW=S LE/GOUSIN, O(/SOI MH\ POIOU=SI TA\S I)DE/AS A)RIQMOU\S MHDE\ EI)=NAI/ FASIN I)DE/AS, OI( DE\ TA\ MAQHMATIKA/, OU) MAQHMATIKW=S DE/: OU) GA\R TE/MNESQAI OU)/TE ME/GEQOS PA=N EI)S MEGE/QH, OU)/Q' O(POIASOU=N MONA/DAS DUA/DA EI)=NAI. &Aristotle, &3Metaphysics &`1083 A 20_B 1$ *)ALLA\ MH\N OU)D' W(S E(/TEROI/ TINES LE/GOUSI PERI\ TW=N A)RIQMW=N LE/GETAI KALW=S. EI)SI\ D' OU(=TOI O(/SOI I)DE/AS ME\N OU)K OI)/ONTAI EI)=NAI OU)/TE A(PLW=S OU)/TE W(S A)RIQMOU/S TINAS OU)/SAS, TA\ DE\ MAQHMATIKA\ EI)=NAI KAI\ TOU\S A)RIQMOU\S PRW/TOUS TW=N O)/NTWN, KAI\ A)RXH\N AU)TW=N EI)=NAI AU)TO\ TO\ E(/N. A)/TOPON GA\R TO\ E(\N ME\N EI)=NAI/ TI PRW=TON TW=N E(NW=N, W(/SPER E)KEI=NOI/ FASI, DUA/DA DE\ TW=N DUA/DWN MH/, MHDE\ TRIA/DA TW=N TRIA/DWN: TOU= GA\R AU)TOU= LO/GOU PA/NTA E)STI/N. EI) ME\N OU)=N OU(/TWS E)/XEI TA\ PERI\ TO\N A)RIQMO\N KAI\ QH/SEI TIS EI)=NAI TO\N MAQH- @1MATIKO\N MO/NON, OU)K E)/STI TO\ E(\N A)RXH/ [1A)NA/GKH GA\R DIAFE/REIN TO\ E(\N TO\ TOIOU=TO TW=N A)/LLWN MONA/DWN: EI) DE\ TOU=TO, KAI\ DUA/DA TINA\ PRW/THN TW=N DUA/DWN, O(MOI/WS DE\ KAI\ TOU\S A)/LLOUS A)RIQMOU\S TOU\S E)FECH=S]1: EI) DE/ E)STI TO\ E(\N A)RXH/, A)NA/GKH MA=LLON W(/SPER *PLA/TWN E)/LEGEN E)/XEIN TA\ PERI\ TOU\S A)RIQMOU/S, KAI\ EI)=NAI DUA/DA PRW/THN KAI\ TRIA/DA, KAI\ OU) SUMBLHTOU\S EI)=NAI TOU\S A)RIQMOU\S PRO\S A)LLH/LOUS. A)\N D' AU)= PA/LIN TIS TIQH=| TAU=TA, EI)/RHTAI O(/TI A)DU/NATA POLLA\ SUMBAI/NEI. A)LLA\ MH\N A)NA/GKH GE H)\ OU(/TWS H)\ E)KEI/NWS E)/XEIN, W(/ST' EI) MHDETE/RWS, OU)K A)\N E)NDE/XOITO EI)=NAI TO\N A)RIQMO\N XWRISTO/N. &Aristotle, &3Metaphysics &`1085 B 36_1086 A 5$ *)/ETI DE\ TO\ DIAFWNEI=N TOU\S TRO/POUS PERI\ TW=N A)RIQMW=N SHMEI=ON O(/TI TA\ PRA/GMATA AU)TA\ OU)K O)/NTA A)LHQH= PARE/XEI TH\N TARAXH\N AU)TOI=S. OI( ME\N GA\R TA\ MAQHMATIKA\ MO/NON POIOU=NTES PARA\ TA\ AI)SQHTA/, O(RW=NTES TH\N PERI\ TA\ EI)/DH DUSXE/REIAN KAI\ PLA/SIN, A)PE/STHSAN A)PO\ TOU= EI)DHTIKOU= A)RIQMOU= KAI\ TO\N MAQHMATIKO\N E)POI/HSAN: OI( DE\ KTL. &Aristotle, &3Metaphysics &`1090 A 2_B 5$ *)EPISTH/SEIE D' A)/N TIS TH\N SKE/YIN KAI\ PERI\ TW=N A)RIQMW=N PO/QEN DEI= LABEI=N TH\N PI/STIN W(S EI)SI/N. TW=| ME\N GA\R I)DE/AS TIQEME/NW| PARE/XONTAI/ TIN' AI)TI/AN TOI=S OU)=SIN, EI)/PER E(/KASTOS TW=N A)RIQMW=N I)DE/A TIS H( D' I)DE/A TOI=S A)/LLOIS AI)TI/A TOU= EI)=NAI O(\N DH/ POTE TRO/PON [1E)/STW GA\R U(POKEI/MENON AU)TOI=S TOU=TO]1: TW=| DE\ TOU=TON ME\N TO\N TRO/PON OU)K OI)OME/NW| DIA\ TO\ TA\S E)NOU/SAS DUSXEREI/AS O(RA=N PERI\ TA\S I)DE/AS W(/STE DIA/ GE TAU=TA MH\ POIEI=N A)RIQMOU/S, POIOU=NTI DE\ A)RIQMO\N TO\N MAQHMATIKO/N, PO/QEN TE XRH\ PISTEU=SAI W(S E)/STI TOIOU=TOS A)RIQMO/S, KAI\ TI/ TOI=S A)/LLOIS XRH/SIMOS; OU)QENO\S GA\R OU)/TE FHSI\N O( LE/GWN AU)TO\N EI)=NAI, A)LL' W(S AU)TH/N TINA LE/GEI KAQ' AU(TH\N FU/SIN OU)=SAN, OU)/TE FAI/NETAI W)\N AI)/TIOS: TA\ GA\R QEWRH/MATA TW=N A)RIQMHTIKW=N PA/NTA KAI\ KATA\ TW=N AI)SQHTW=N U(PA/RCEI, KAQA/PER E)LE/XQH. *OI( ME\N OU)=N TIQE/MENOI TA\S I)DE/AS EI)=NAI, KAI\ A)RIQMOU\S AU)TA\S EI)=NAI, [2TW=|]2 KATA\ TH\N E)/KQESIN E(KA/STOU PARA\ TA\ POLLA\ LAMBA/NEIN [TO\] E(/N TI E(/KASTON PEIRW=NTAI/ GE LE/GEIN PWS DIA\ TI/ E)/STIN, OU) MH\N A)LLA\ E)PEI\ OU)/TE A)NAGKAI=A OU)/TE DUNATA\ TAU=TA, OU)DE\ TO\N A)RIQMO\N DIA/ GE TAU=TA EI)=NAI LEKTE/ON: OI( DE\ *PUQAGO/REIOI DIA\ TO\ O(RA=N POLLA\ TW=N A)RIQMW=N PA/QH U(PA/RXONTA TOI=S @1 AI)SQHTOI=S SW/MASIN, EI)=NAI ME\N A)RIQMOU\S E)POI/HSAN TA\ O)/NTA, OU) XWRISTOU\S DE/, A)LL' E)C A)RIQMW=N TA\ O)/NTA: DIA\ TI/ DE/; O(/TI TA\ PA/QH TA\ TW=N A)RIQMW=N E)N A(RMONI/A| U(PA/RXEI KAI\ E)N TW=| OU)RANW=| KAI\ E)N POLLOI=S A)/LLOIS. TOI=S DE\ TO\N MAQHMATIKO\N MO/NON LE/GOUSIN EI)=NAI A)RIQMO\N OU)QE\N TOIOU=TON E)NDE/XETAI LE/GEIN KATA\ TA\S U(POQE/SEIS, A)LL' O(/TI OU)K E)/SONTAI AU)TW=N AI( E)PISTH=MAI E)LE/GETO. H(MEI=S DE/ FAMEN EI)=NAI, KAQA/PER EI)/POMEN PRO/TERON. KAI\ DH=LON O(/TI OU) KEXW/RI-STAI TA\ MAQHMATIKA/: OU) GA\R A)\N KEXWRISME/NWN TA\ PA/QH U(PH=RXEN E)N TOI=S SW/MASIN. OI( ME\N OU)=N *PUQAGO/REIOI KATA\ ME\N TO\ TOIOU=TON OU)QENI\ E)/NOXOI/ EI)SIN, KATA\ ME/NTOI TO\ POIEI=N E)C A)RIQMW=N TA\ FUSIKA\ SW/MATA, E)K MH\ E)XO/NTWN BA/ROS MHDE\ KOUFO/THTA E)/XONTA KOUFO/THTA KAI\ BA/ROS, E)OI/KASI PERI\ A)/LLOU OU)RANOU= LE/GEIN KAI\ SWMA/TWN A)LL' OU) TW=N AI)SQHTW=N: OI( DE\ XWRISTO\N POIOU=NTES, O(/TI E)PI\ TW=N AI)SQHTW=N OU)K E)/STAI TA\ A)CIW/MATA, A)LHQH= DE\ TA\ LEGO/MENA KAI\ SAI/NEI TH\N YUXH/N, EI)=NAI/ TE U(POLAMBA/NOUSI KAI\ XWRISTA\ EI)=NAI: O(MOI/WS DE\ KAI\ TA\ MEGE/QH TA\ MAQHMATIKA/. DH=LON OU)=N O(/TI KAI\ O( E)NANTIOU/MENOS LO/GOS TA)NANTI/A E)REI=, KAI\ O(\ A)/RTI H)PORH/QH LUTE/ON TOI=S OU(/TW LE/GOUSI, DIA\ TI/ OU)DAMW=S E)N TOI=S AI)SQHTOI=S U(PARXO/NTWN TA\ PA/QH U(PA/RXEI AU)TW=N E)N TOI=S AI)SQHTOI=S. &Aristotle, &3Metaphysics &`1090 B 13_21$ *)/ETI DE\ E)PIZHTH/SEIEN A)/N TIS MH\ LI/AN EU)XERH\S W)\N PERI\ ME\N TOU= A)RIQMOU= PANTO\S KAI\ TW=N MAQHMATIKW=N TO\ MHQE\N SUMBA/LLESQAI A)LLH/LOIS TA\ PRO/TERA TOI=S U(/STERON [1MH\ O)/NTOS GA\R TOU= A)RIQMOU= OU)QE\N H(=TTON TA\ MEGE/QH E)/STAI TOI=S TA\ MAQHMATIKA\ MO/NON EI)=NAI FAME/NOIS, KAI\ TOU/TWN MH\ O)/NTWN H( YUXH\ KAI\ TA\ SW/MATA TA\ AI)SQHTA/: OU)K E)/OIKE D' H( FU/SIS E)PEISODIW/DHS OU)=SA E)K TW=N FAINOME/NWN, W(/SPER MOXQHRA\ TRAGW|DI/A]1: TOI=S DE\ TA\S I)DE/AS TIQEME/NOIS TOU=TO ME\N E)KFEU/GEI KTL. @1 &Aristotle, &3Metaphysics &`1092 A 35_B 3$ *)EPEI\ TOI/NUN TO\ E(\N O( ME\N TW=| PLH/QEI W(S E)NANTI/ON TI/QHSIN, O( DE\ TW=| A)NI/SW|, W(S I)/SW| TW=| E(NI\ XRW/MENOS, W(S E)C E)NANTI/WN EI)/H A)\N O( A)RIQMO/S: E)/STIN A)/RA TI E(/TERON E)C OU(= U(POME/NONTOS KAI\ QATE/ROU E)STI\N H)\ GE/GONEN. &Aristotle, &3Metaphysics &`1087 B 4_9 and 26_33$ *OI( DE\ TO\ E(/TERON TW=N E)NANTI/WN U(/LHN POIOU=SIN, OI( ME\N TW=| E(NI\ [TW=| I)/SW|] TO\ A)/NISON, W(S TOU=TO TH\N TOU= PLH/QOUS OU)=SAN FU/SIN, OI( DE\ TW=| E(NI\ TO\ PLH=QOS [1GENNW=NTAI GA\R OI( A)RIQMOI\ TOI=S ME\N E)K TH=S TOU= A)NI/SOU DUA/DOS, TOU= MEGA/LOU KAI\ MIKROU=, TW=| D' E)K TOU= PLH/QOUS, U(PO\ TH=S TOU= E(NO\S DE\ OU)SI/AS A)MFOI=N]1 ...... OI( DE\ TO\ E(/TERON KAI\ TO\ A)/LLO PRO\S TO\ E(\N A)NTITIQE/ASIN, OI( DE\ PLH=QOS KAI\ TO\ E(/N. EI) DE/ E)STIN, W(/SPER BOU/LONTAI, TA\ O)/NTA E)C E)NANTI/WN, TW=| DE\ E(NI\ H)\ OU)QE\N E)NANTI/ON H)\ EI)/PER A)/RA ME/LLEI, TO\ PLH=QOS, TO\ D' A)/NISON TW=| I)/SW| KAI\ TO\ E(/TERON TW=| TAU)TW=| KAI\ TO\ A)/LLO AU)TW=|, MA/LISTA ME\N OI( TO\ E(\N TW=| PLH/QEI A)NTITIQE/NTES E)/XONTAI/ TINOS DO/CHS, OU) MH\N OU)D' OU(=TOI I(KANW=S: E)/STAI GA\R TO\ E(\N O)LI/GON: PLH=QOS ME\N GA\R O)LIGO/THTI TO\ DE\ POLU\ TW=| O)LI/GW| A)NTI/KEITAI. &Aristotle, &3Metaphysics &`1085 B 4_27$ *)/ETI PW=S ME\N E)NDE/XETAI EI)=NAI E)K TOU= E(NO\S KAI\ PLH/QOUS TO\N A)RIQMO\N OU)QE\N E)PIXEIREI=TAI: O(/PWS D' OU)=N LE/GOUSI TAU)TA\ SUMBAI/NEI DUSXERH= A(/PER KAI\ TOI=S E)K TOU= E(NO\S KAI\ E)K TH=S DUA/DOS TH=S A)ORI/STOU. O( ME\N GA\R E)K TOU= KATHGOROUME/NOU KAQO/LOU GENNA=| TO\N A)RIQMO\N KAI\ OU) TINO\S PLH/QOUS, O( D' E)K TINO\S PLH/QOUS, TOU= PRW/TOU DE/ [1TH\N GA\R DUA/DA PRW=TO/N TI EI)=NAI PLH=QOS]1, W(/STE DIAFE/REI OU)QE\N W(S EI)PEI=N, A)LL' AI( A)PORI/AI AI( AU)TAI\ A)KOLOUQH/SOUSI, MI=CIS H)\ QE/SIS H)\ KRA=SIS H)\ GE/NESIS KAI\ O(/SA A)/LLA TOIAU=TA. MA/LISTA D' A)/N TIS E)PIZHTH/SEIEN, EI) MI/A E(KA/STH MONA/S, E)K TI/NOS E)STI/N: OU) GA\R DH\ AU)TO/ GE TO\ E(\N E(KA/STH. A)NA/GKH DH\ E)K TOU= E(NO\S AU)TOU= EI)=NAI KAI\ PLH/QOUS H)\ MORI/OU TOU= PLH/QOUS. TO\ ME\N OU)=N PLH=QO/S TI EI)=NAI FA/NAI TH\N MONA/DA A)DU/NATON, A)DIAI/RETO/N G' OU)=SAN: TO\ D' E)K MORI/OU A)/LLAS E)/XEI POLLA\S DUSXEREI/AS: A)DIAI/RETO/N TE GA\R E(/KASTON A)NAGKAI=ON EI)=NAI TW=N MORI/WN [1H)\ PLH=QOS EI)=NAI @1 KAI\ TH\N MONA/DA DIAIRETH/N]1 KAI\ MH\ STOIXEI=ON EI)=NAI TO\ E(\N KAI\ TO\ PLH=QOS [1H( GA\R MONA\S E(KA/STH OU)K E)K PLH/QOUS KAI\ E(NO/S]1: E)/TI OU)QE\N A)/LLO POIEI= O( TOU=TO LE/GWN A)LL' H)\ A)RIQMO\N E(/TERON: TO\ GA\R PLH=QOS A)DIAIRE/TWN E)STI\N A)RIQMO/S. E)/TI ZHTHTE/ON KAI\ PERI\ TOU\S OU(/TW LE/GONTAS PO/TERON A)/PEIROS O( A)RIQMO\S H)\ PEPERASME/NOS. U(PH=RXE GA/R, W(S E)/OIKE, KAI\ PEPERASME/NON PLH=QOS, E)C OU(= AI( PEPERASME/NAI MONA/DES KAI\ TOU= E(NO/S: E)/STI TE E(/TERON AU)TO\ PLH=QOS KAI\ PLH=QOS A)/PEIRON: POI=ON OU)=N PLH=QOS STOIXEI=O/N E)STI KAI\ TO\ E(/N; &Aristotle, &3Metaphysics &`1091 A 12_29$ *)/ATOPON DE\ KAI\ GE/NESIN POIEI=N A)I+DI/WN O)/NTWN, MA=LLON D' E(/N TI TW=N A)DUNA/TWN. OI( ME\N OU)=N *PUQAGO/REIOI PO/TERON OU) POIOU=SIN H)\ POIOU=SI GE/NESIN OU)DE\N DEI= DISTA/ZEIN: FANERW=S GA\R LE/GOUSIN W(S TOU= E(NO\S SUSTAQE/NTOS, EI)/T' E)C E)PIPE/DWN EI)/T' E)K XROIA=S EI)/T' E)K SPE/RMATOS EI)/T' E)C W(=N A)POROU=SIN EI)PEI=N, EU)QU\S TO\ E)/GGISTA TOU= A)PEI/ROU O(/TI EI(/LKETO KAI\ E)PERAI/NETO U(PO\ TOU= PE/RATOS. A)LL' E)PEIDH\ KOSMOPOIOU=SI KAI\ FUSIKW=S BOU/LONTAI LE/GEIN, DI/KAION AU)TOU\S E)CETA/ZEIN TI PERI\ FU/SEWS, E)K DE\ TH=S NU=N A)FEI=NAI MEQO/DOU: TA\S GA\R E)N TOI=S A)KINH/TOIS ZHTOU=MEN A)RXA/S, W(/STE KAI\ TW=N A)RIQMW=N TW=N TOIOU/TWN E)PISKEPTE/ON TH\N GE/NESIN. *TOU= ME\N OU)=N PERITTOU= GE/NESIN OU)/ FASIN, W(S DHLONO/TI TOU= A)RTI/OU OU)/SHS GENE/SEWS: TO\N D' A)/RTION PRW=TON E)C A)NI/SWN TINE\S KATASKEUA/ZOUSI TOU= MEGA/LOU KAI\ MIKROU= I)SASQE/NTWN. A)NA/GKH OU)=N PRO/TERON U(PA/RXEIN TH\N A)NISO/THTA AU)TOI=S TOU= I)SASQH=NAI: EI) D' A)EI\ H)=SAN I)SASME/NA, OU)K A)\N H)=SAN A)/NISA PRO/TERON [1TOU= GA\R A)EI\ OU)K E)/STI PRO/TERON OU)QE/N]1, W(/STE FANERO\N O(/TI OU) TOU= QEWRH=SAI E(/NEKEN POIOU=SI TH\N GE/NESIN TW=N A)RIQMW=N. &Aristotle, &3Metaphysics &`1072 B 30_1073 A 3$ *(/OSOI DE\ U(POLAMBA/NOUSIN, W(/SPER OI( *PUQAGO/REIOI KAI\ *SPEU/SIPPOS, TO\ KA/LLISTON KAI\ A)/RISTON MH\ E)N A)RXH=| EI)=NAI, DIA\ TO\ KAI\ TW=N FUTW=N KAI\ TW=N ZW/|WN TA\S A)RXA\S AI)/TIA ME\N EI)=NAI TO\ DE\ KALO\N KAI\ TE/LEION E)N TOI=S E)K TOU/TWN, OU)K O)RQW=S OI)/ONTAI. TO\ GA\R SPE/RMA E)C E(TE/RWN E)STI\ PROTE/RWN TELEI/WN, KAI\ TO\ PRW=TON OU) SPE/RMA E)STI\N A)LLA\ TO\ TE/LEION: OI(=ON PRO/TERON @1 A)/NQRWPON A)\N FAI/H TIS EI)=NAI TOU= SPE/RMATOS, OU) TO\N E)K TOU/TOU GENO/MENON A)LL' E(/TERON E)C OU(= TO\ SPE/RMA. &Pseudo_Alexander, &3In Metaph., &p. 699, 28_37$ *DEI/CAS O(/TI O( QEO\S H( PRW/TH A)RXH\ ZW=|ON A)I/DION A)/RISTO/N E)STIN, AI)TIA=TAI TOU\S *PUQAGOREI/OUS KAI\ *SPEU/SIPPON EI)PO/NTAS O(/TI TO\ KA/LLISTON KAI\ A)/RISTON OU)K E)/STIN E)N A)RXH=|, OU)DE\ DUNATO\N LE/GEIN TH\N A)RXH\N A)/RISTON, DIO/TI TO\ SPE/RMA KAI\ TO\ KATAMH/NION A)RXAI\ ME/N EI)SI TW=N ZW/|WN KAI\ OU)K EI)SI\N A)/RISTA, A)LL' E)/STI MA=LLON A)/RISTON TO\ E)K TOU= SPE/RMATOS KAI\ TOU= KATAMHNI/OU GEGONO/S. OU)K O)RQW=S OU)=N, FHSI/N, OI)/ONTAI O(/TI TO\ SPE/RMA TO\ A)TELE\S KAI\ TO\ KATAMH/NIO/N EI)SIN A)RXAI/, A)LL' O( PATH\R KAI\ H( MH/THR, OI(/TINES PRO\S TW=| TE/LEIOI EI)=NAI KAI\ PRO/TEROI/ EI)SI TOU= SPE/RMATOS KAI\ TOU= KATAMHNI/OU. W(/STE PRO/TERO/S E)STIN O( A)/NQRWPOS TOU= SPE/RMATOS, OU)X O( E)K TOU= SPE/RMATOS GEGONW/S, A)LL' O( PATH\R E)C OU(= TO\ SPE/RMA. &Aristotle, &3Metaphysics &`1092 A 11_17$ *OU)K O)RQW=S D' U(POLAMBA/NEI OU)D' EI)/ TIS PAREIKA/ZEI TA\S TOU= O(/LOU A)RXA\S TH=| TW=N ZW/|WN KAI\ FUTW=N, O(/TI E)C A)ORI/STWN A)TELW=N TE A)EI\ TA\ TELEIO/TERA, @1 DIO\ KAI\ E)PI\ TW=N PRW/TWN OU(/TWS E)/XEIN FHSI/N, W(/STE MHDE\ O)/N TI EI)=NAI TO\ E(\N AU)TO/. EI)SI\ GA\R KAI\ E)NTAU=QA TE/LEIAI AI( A)RXAI\ E)C W(=N TAU=TA: A)/NQRWPOS GA\R A)/NQRWPON GENNA=|, KAI\ OU)K E)/STI TO\ SPE/RMA PRW=TON. &Aristotle, &3Metaphysics &`1091 A 29_B 3$ *)/EXEI D' A)PORI/AN KAI\ EU)PORH/SANTI E)PITI/MHSIN PW=S E)/XEI PRO\S TO\ A)GAQO\N KAI\ TO\ KALO\N TA\ STOIXEI=A KAI\ AI( A)RXAI/: A)PORI/AN ME\N TAU/THN, PO/TERO/N E)STI/ TI E)KEI/NWN OI(=ON BOULO/MEQA LE/GEIN AU)TO\ TO\ A)GAQO\N KAI\ TO\ A)/RISTON, H)\ OU)/, A)LL' U(STEROGENH=. PARA\ ME\N GA\R TW=N QEOLO/GWN E)/OIKEN O(MOLOGEI=SQAI TW=N NU=N TISI/N, OI(\ OU)/ FASIN, A)LLA\ PROELQOU/SHS TH=S TW=N O)/NTWN FU/SEWS KAI\ TO\ A)GAQO\N KAI\ TO\ KALO\N E)MFAI/NESQAI [1TOU=TO DE\ POIOU=SIN EU)LABOU/MENOI A)LHQINH\N DUSXE/REIAN H(\ SUMBAI/NEI TOI=S LE/GOUSIN, W(/SPER E)/NIOI, TO\ E(\N A)RXH/N: E)/STI D' H( DUSXE/REIA OU) DIA\ TO\ TH=| A)RXH=| TO\ EU)= A)PODIDO/NAI W(S U(PA/RXON, A)LLA\ DIA\ TO\ TO\ E(\N A)RXH\N KAI\ A)RXH\N W(S STOIXEI=ON KAI\ TO\N A)RIQMO\N E)K TOU= E(NO/S]1, KTL. &Aristotle, &3Metaphysics &`1091 B 22_26 and 30_35$ *SUMBAI/NEI GA\R POLLH\ DUSXE/REIA, H(\N E)/NIOI FEU/GONTES A)PEIRH/KASIN, OI( TO\ E(\N ME\N O(MOLOGOU=NTES A)RXH\N EI)=NAI PRW/THN KAI\ STOIXEI=ON, TOU= A)RIQMOU= DE\ TOU= MAQHMATIKOU=: A(/PASAI GA\R AI( MONA/DES GI/GNONTAI O(/PER A)GAQO/N TI, KAI\ POLLH/ TIS EU)PORI/A A)GAQW=N ....... TAU=TA/ TE DH\ SUMBAI/NEI A)/TOPA, KAI\ TO\ E)NANTI/ON STOIXEI=ON, EI)/TE PLH=QOS O)\N EI)/TE TO\ A)/NISON KAI\ ME/GA KAI\ MIKRO/N, TO\ KAKO\N AU)TO/ [1DIO/PER O( ME\N E)/FEUGE TO\ A)GAQO\N PROSA/PTEIN TW=| E(NI\ W(S A)NAGKAI=ON O)/N, E)PEIDH\ E)C E)NANTI/WN H( GE/NESIS, TO\ KAKO\N TH\N TOU= PLH/QOUS FU/SIN EI)=NAI: OI( DE\ LE/GOUSI TO\ A)/NISON TH\N TOU= KAKOU= FU/SIN]1: KTL. &Pseudo_Alexander, &3In Metaph., &p. 823, 9_14$ *KAI\ PRO\S TOU/TOIS EI) TO\ E(\N A)GAQO/N, TO\ MH\ E(/N, O(\ EI)/TE DUA/DA EI)/TE A)/NISON EI)/TE PLH=QOS XRH\ KALEI=N, E)/STAI KAKO/N, I(/N' E)C E)NANTI/WN, E(NO\S ME\N TOU= A)GAQOU=, MH\ E(NO\S DE\ TOU= KAKOU=, H( GE/NESIS H)=| TW=N EI)DW=N. O(\ SUNEWRAKW\S *SPEU/SIPPOS [1LE/GW DH\ TO\ EI) TO\ E(\N A)GAQO/N, A)NA/GKH TO\ MH\ E(\N TO\ U(LIKO\N KAKO\N EI)=NAI]1 A)PE/FUGE KAI\ PROSA/PTEIN OU)K H)QE/LHSE TO\ A)GAQO\N TW=| E(NI/. &Syrianus, &3In Metaph., &p. 184, 22_24$ *TI/S E)STIN O( FUGW/N; DIA\ TI/ MA/THN O)NEIDI/ZETAI O( XRUSOU=S *SPEU/SIPPOS; PW=S DE\ EI(/PETO E)K TOIOU/TWN E)NANTI/WN EI)=NAI TH\N TW=N QEI/WN PRAGMA/TWN U(PO/-STASIN; @1 &Aristotle, &3Metaphysics &`1075 A 31_B 1$ *(HMI=N DE\ LU/ETAI TOU=TO EU)LO/GWS TW=| TRI/TON TI EI)=NAI. OI( DE\ TO\ E(/TERON TW=N E)NANTI/WN U(/LHN POIOU=SIN, W(/SPER OI( TO\ A)/NISON TW=| I)/SW| H)\ TW=| E(NI\ TA\ POLLA/. LU/ETAI DE\ KAI\ TOU=TO TO\N AU)TO\N TRO/PON: H( GA\R U(/LH H( MI/A OU)DENI\ E)NANTI/ON. E)/TI A(/PANTA TOU= FAU/LOU MEQE/CEI E)/CW TOU= E(NO/S: TO\ GA\R KAKO\N AU)TO\ QA/TERON TW=N STOIXEI/WN. OI( D' A)/LLOI OU)D' A)RXA\S TO\ A)GAQO\N KAI\ TO\ KAKO/N: KAI/TOI E)N A(/PASI MA/LISTA TO\ A)GAQO\N A)RXH/. OI( DE\ TOU=TO ME\N O)RQW=S O(/TI A)RXH/N, A)LLA\ PW=S TO\ A)GAQO\N A)RXH\ OU) LE/GOUSIN, PO/TERON W(S TE/LOS H)\ W(S KINH=SAN H)\ W(S EI)=DOS. &Pseudo_Alexander, &3In Metaph., &pp. 717, 37_718, 5$ *)/ETI, FHSI/N, EI) U(PO/KEITAI TO\ KAKO\N KAI\ PA/NTA E)STI\N E)K TOU= KAKOU=, PA/NTA MEQE/CEI TOU= KAKOU= KAI\ OU)DE\N E)/STAI A)GAQO\N PLH\N TOU= E(NO/S, O(\ KAQ' AU(TO\ EI)=NAI E)/LEGON. A)LL' OI( ME\N PERI\ *PLA/TWNA A)RXA\S TO\ A)GAQO\N KAI\ TO\ KAKO\N E)TI/QENTO, OI( DE\ A)/LLOI, OI(=ON OI( *PUQAGO/REIOI, E)NI/STANTAI FA/SKONTES O(/TI TO\ A)GAQO\N OU)K E)/STIN A)RXH/: KAI\ PW=S OI( *PUQAGO/REIOI TO\ A)GAQO\N KAI\ A)/RISTON A)RXH\N EI)=NAI OU)K E)BOU/LONTO, EI)/RHTAI E)N TW=| PARO/NTI BIBLI/W| E)CH-GOUME/NOIS TH\N LE/CIN TH\N "3O(/SOI DE\ U(POLAMBA/NOUSIN W(/SPER OI( *PUQAGO/REIOI KAI\ *SPEU/SIPPOS TO\ KA/LLISTON KAI\ A)/RISTON MH\ E)N A)RXH=| EI)=NAI."3 &Aristotle, &3Ethica Nicomachea &`1096 B 5_8$ *PIQANW/TERON D' E)OI/KASIN OI( *PUQAGO/REIOI LE/GEIN PERI\ AU)TOU= [1&sc.$ TOU= A)GAQOU=]1, TIQE/NTES E)N TH=| TW=N A)GAQW=N SUSTOIXI/A| TO\ E(/N: OI(=S DH\ KAI\ *SPEU/SIP-POS E)PAKOLOUQH=SAI DOKEI=. A)LLA\ PERI\ ME\N TOU/TWN A)/LLOS E)/STW LO/GOS: KTL. &Eustratius, &3In Eth. Nicom., &p. 51, 10_18$ *LE/GOI D' A)/N, O(/TI TO\ E(\N E)N TH=| TW=N A)GAQW=N SUSTOIXI/A| OI( *PUQAGO/REIOI TA/CANTES PARISTW=SI TH\N FU/SIN AU)TOU= TELEIWTIKH/N TINA KAI\ SWTH/RION. E(/KASTON GA\R TW=N PRAGMA/TWN E)N TOU/TW| TELEIOU=TAI KAI\ A)GAQU/NETAI KAI\ TH-REI=TAI, E)N TW=| ME/NEIN E)N TW=| E(NI/, A)SKE/DASTON O)\N KAI\ A)DIAI/RETON: SKEDASQE\N DE\ OI)/XETAI. KAI\ TA/XA TOU=TO KRI/NEI *)ARISTOTE/LHS OI)KEIO/TERON EI)=NAI LE/GEIN PERI\ TOU= A)GAQOU= KAI\ I)DE/AN TI/QESQAI AU)TO/. FHSI\ DE\ KAI\ *SPEU/SIPPON E)PA-KOLOUQH=SAI AU)TOI=S, QEOLO/GON O)/NTA PAR' *(/ELLHSIN. A)LLA\ PRO\S ME\N TOU\S *PU- @1QAGOREI/OUS, FHSI/, KAI\ TO\N *SPEU/SIPPON OU)K E)/STIN NU=N H(MI=N O( LO/GOS A)LLA\ PRO\S TOU\S TA\S I)DE/AS EI)SA/GONTAS: DIO\ TOU/TOUS A)FEI\S PRO\S *PLA/TWNA TRE/PETAI. [&Heliodorus], &3In Eth. Nicom., &p. 9, 36_39$ *OI( DE\ *PUQAGO/REIOI PIQANW/TERON E)OI/KASI LE/GEIN PERI\ TOU= A)GAQOU=: OU) GA\R E(\N E)/LEGON TO\ A)GAQO/N, A)LLA\ TO\ A)NA/PALIN TO\ E(\N E)N TH=| TW=N A)GAQW=N E)/TACAN SUSTOIXI/A|, OI(=S DH\ KAI\ *SPEU/SIPPOS A)KOLOUQH=SAI DOKEI=. &Damascius, &3De Principiis, &I, pp. 2, 25_3, 2$ *OU) GA\R E(\N W(S E)LA/XISTON, KAQA/PER O( *SPEU/SIPPOS E)/DOCE LE/GEIN, A)LL' E(\N W(S PA/NTA KATAPIO/N: TH=| GA\R E(AUTOU= A(PLO/THTI PA/NTA SUNANE/LUSEN, KAI\ E(\N TA\ PA/NTA E)POI/HSEN. &Anonymous, &3In Parmenidem [1Codex Taurinensis &F VI 1]1, I, &fol. 91r, 17_24 [1Kroll$]1 @@@OI)KEI/A OU)=N AU(/TH PA-@@SW=N TW=N A)/LLWN PROSHGORIW=N TW=| E)PI\ PA=-@@SI QEW=| KAI\ T!!!I? PERI\? AU)TOU= !!!! SU/M-@@FULOS, E?I)? MH/ TI?[2S]2 DIA\ SMIKRO/THTA W(/SPER *SPEU/-SIPPOS KAI\ T?I?MA? ANONT!!AN!!AS DI-@@A\ TO\ PA/NU SMIKRO\N KAI\ MH\ D?[2IAIRETO\N EI)=N]2AI @1 @@KATAFE/ROITO E)PI\ PRA=GMA A)LLOTRIW/TATON TOU= @@QEOU= A)KOU/SAS? TO\ E(/[2N]2. &Aristotle, &3Metaphysics &`1090 B 5_13$ *EI)SI\ DE/ TINES OI(\ E)K TOU= PE/RATA EI)=NAI KAI\ E)/SXATA TH\N STIGMH\N ME\N GRAMMH=S, TAU/THN D' E)PIPE/DOU, TOU=TO DE\ TOU= STEREOU=, OI)/ONTAI EI)=NAI A)NA/GKHN TOIAU/TAS FU/SEIS EI)=NAI. DEI= DH\ KAI\ TOU=TON O(RA=N TO\N LO/GON, MH\ LI/AN H)=| MALA-KO/S. OU)/TE GA\R OU)SI/AI EI)SI\ TA\ E)/SXATA A)LLA\ MA=LLON PA/NTA TAU=TA PE/RATA [1E)PEI\ KAI\ TH=S BADI/SEWS KAI\ O(/LWS KINH/SEWS E)/STI TI PE/RAS: TOU=T' OU)=N E)/STAI TO/DE TI KAI\ OU)SI/A TIS: A)LL' A)/TOPON]1: _OU) MH\N A)LLA\ EI) KAI\ EI)SI/, TW=NDE TW=N AI)SQHTW=N E)/SONTAI PA/NTA [1E)PI\ TOU/TWN GA\R O( LO/GOS EI)/RHKEN]1: DIA\ TI/ OU)=N XWRISTA\ E)/STAI; &Aristotle, &3Metaphysics &`1085 A 31_B 4 and B 27_34$ *OI( ME\N OU)=N TA\ MEGE/QH GENNW=SIN E)K TOIAU/THS U(/LHS, E(/TEROI DE\ E)K TH=S STIGMH=S [1H( DE\ STIGMH\ AU)TOI=S DOKEI= EI)=NAI OU)X E(\N A)LL' OI(=ON TO\ E(/N]1 KAI\ A)/LLHS U(/LHS OI(/AS TO\ PLH=QOS, A)LL' OU) PLH/QOUS: PERI\ W(=N OU)DE\N H(=TTON SUM-BAI/NEI TA\ AU)TA\ A)POREI=N. EI) ME\N GA\R MI/A H( U(/LH, TAU)TO\ GRAMMH\ KAI\ E)PI/PEDON KAI\ STEREO/N [1E)K GA\R TW=N AU)TW=N TO\ AU)TO\ KAI\ E(\N E)/STAI]1: EI) DE\ PLEI/OUS AI( U(=LAI KAI\ E(TE/RA ME\N GRAMMH=S E(TE/RA DE\ TOU= E)PIPE/DOU KAI\ A)/LLH TOU= STEREOU=, H)/TOI A)KOLOUQOU=SIN A)LLH/LAIS H)\ OU)/, W(/STE TAU)TA\ SUMBH/SETAI KAI\ OU(/TWS: H)\ GA\R OU)X E(/CEI TO\ E)PI/PEDON GRAMMH\N H)\ E)/STAI GRAMMH/ ......... O(MOI/WS DE\ KAI\ PERI\ STIGMH=S A)/N TIS ZHTH/SEIE KAI\ TOU= STOIXEI/OU E)C OU(= POIOU=SI TA\ MEGE/QH. OU) GA\R MI/A GE MO/NON STIGMH/ E)STIN AU(/TH: TW=N GOU=N A)/LLWN STIGMW=N E(KA/STH E)K TI/NOS; OU) GA\R DH\ E)/K GE DIASTH/MATO/S TINOS KAI\ AU)TH=S STIGMH=S. A)LLA\ MH\N OU)DE\ MO/RIA A)DIAI/RETA E)NDE/XETAI TOU= DIASTH/MATOS EI)=NAI [MO/RIA], W(/SPER TOU= PLH/QOUS E)C W(=N AI( MONA/DES: O( ME\N GA\R A)RIQMO\S E)C A)DIAIRE/TWN SU/GKEITAI TA\ DE\ MEGE/QH OU)/. &Aristotle, &3De Anima &`409 A 3_7$ *)/ETI D' E)PEI/ FASI KINHQEI=SAN GRAMMH\N E)PI/PEDON POIEI=N, STIGMH\N DE\ GRAMMH/N, KAI\ AI( TW=N MONA/DWN KINH/SEIS GRAMMAI\ E)/SONTAI: H( GA\R STIGMH\ @1 MONA/S E)STI QE/SIN E)/XOUSA, O( D' A)RIQMO\S TH=S YUXH=S H)/DH POU/ E)STI KAI\ QE/SIN E)/XEI. &Aristotle, &3Metaphysics &`1092 A 17_21$ *)/ATOPON DE\ KAI\ TO\ TO/PON A(/MA TOI=S STEREOI=S TOI=S MAQHMATIKOI=S POIH=SAI [1O( ME\N GA\R TO/POS TW=N KAQ' E(/KASTON I)/DIOS, DIO\ XWRISTA\ TO/PW|, TA\ DE\ MAQH-MATIKA\ OU) POU/]1, KAI\ TO\ EI)PEI=N ME\N O(/TI POU\ E)/STAI, TI/ DE/ E)STIN O( TO/POS MH/. &Iamblichus, &3De Anima, &in Stobaeus, &3Ecl. &I, 49, 32 [1I, pp. 363, 26-&`364, 7$]1 *META\ DH\ TAU=TA TOU\S EI)S MAQHMATIKH\N OU)SI/AN E)NTIQE/NTAS TH\N OU)SI/AN TH=S YUXH=S KATALE/GW DIEUKRINHME/NWS. E)/STI DH\ GE/NOS E(/N TI AU)TH=S TO\ SXH=MA, PE/RAS O)\N DIASTA/SEWS, KAI\ AU)TH\ [2H(]2 DIA/STASIS. E)N AU)TOI=S ME\N OU)=N TOU/TOIS *SEBH=ROS O( *PLATWNIKO\S AU)TH\N A)FWRI/SATO, E)N I)DE/A| DE\ TOU= PA/NTH| DIASTA-TOU= *SPEU/SIPPOS: E)N AI)TI/A| DE\ H)/TOI E(NW/SEI TOU/TWN A)/LLOS A)/N TIS KAQARW/-TERON AU)TH\N PROSTH/SAITO TELEW/TATA. &Iamblichus, &3De Comm. Math. Sc. &IX [1p. 40, 15_16$]1 *DIO/PER OU)/TE I)DE/AN TOU= PA/NTH| DIASTATOU= OU)/TE KTL. [1&sc.$ EI)=NAI TH\N YUXH/N]1. &Damascius, &3In Phaedonem &`177, 1_7 [1pp. 107 and 109$]1 *(/OTI OI( ME\N A)PO\ TH=S LOGIKH=S YUXH=S A)/XRI TH=S E)MYU/XOU E(/CEWS A)PAQANATI/-ZOUSIN, W(S *NOUMH/NIOS: OI( DE\ ME/XRI TH=S FU/SEWS, W(S *PLWTI=NOS E)/NI O(/POU: OI( DE\ ME/XRI TH=S A)LOGI/AS, W(S TW=N ME\N PALAIW=N *CENOKRA/THS KAI\ *SPEU/SIPPOS, TW=N DE\ NEWTE/RWN *)IA/MBLIXOS KAI\ *PLOU/TARXOS: OI( DE\ ME/XRI MO/NHS TH=S LOGIKH=S, W(S *PRO/KLOS KAI\ *PORFU/RIOS: OI( DE\ ME/XRI MO/NOU TOU= NOU=, FQEI/ROUSI GA\R TH\N DO/CAN, W(S POLLOI\ TW=N *PERIPATHTIKW=N: OI( DE\ ME/XRI TH=S O(/LHS YUXH=S, FQEI/ROUSI GA\R TA\S MERIKA\S EI)S TH\N O(/LHN. @1 &Philodemus, &3De Pietate, &Pap. Hercul. 1428, frag. 22, 1_12 [1Henrichs]1 &%6 p. 72 [1Gomperz]1 %6 N 1428 [1&3Herculanensium Voluminum Collectio &3Altera, &II, p. 7]1 %6 O 1226$ [ ]!TA![ [ ] [ [!]K?QE[!!!!]RISM[ TA?S?OUT[!!!]OUT?[ X!!!EN!!N OU)DE\? [TA\S] YUXA\S TW=N KALW=N K?[A)]-GAQW=N QEI/AS LE/GWN DUNA/MEIS, POLU\ DE\ [KA]-TADEESTE/RAS KAI\ E)L-LEIPOU/SAS. PAR' *)ARIS-TOTE/LEI D' E)N TW=I TRI/-TWI *PERI\ FILOSOFI/AS &margo &Aetius, &3Placita &I, 7, 20 [1Diels, &3Dox. Gr., &p. 303, 3_5]1 in Stobaeus, &3Ecl. &I, 1, 29b [1I, p. 35, 3_4$]1 *SPEU/SIPPOS TO\N NOU=N OU)/TE TW=| E(NI\ OU)/TE TW=| A)GAQW=| TO\N AU)TO/N, I)DIOFUH= DE/. @1 &Theophrastus, &3Metaphysics &`6 A 23_B 16$ *NU=N D' OI(/ GE POLLOI\ ME/XRI TINO\S E)LQO/NTES KATAPAU/ONTAI, KAQA/ PER KAI\ OI( TO\ E(\N KAI\ TH\N A)O/RISTON DUA/DA POIOU=NTES: TOU\S GA\R A)RIQMOU\S GENNH/-SANTES KAI\ TA\ E)PI/PEDA KAI\ TA\ SW/MATA SXEDO\N TA)=LLA PARALEI/POUSIN PLH\N O(/SON E)FAPTO/MENOI KAI\ TOSOU=TO MO/NON DHLOU=NTES, O(/TI TA\ ME\N A)PO\ TH=S A)ORI/STOU DUA/DOS, OI(=ON TO/POS KAI\ KENO\N KAI\ A)/PEIRON, TA\ D' A)PO\ TW=N A)RIQMW=N KAI\ TOU= E(NO/S, OI(=ON YUXH\ KAI\ A)/LL' A)/TTA: XRO/NON D' A(/MA KAI\ OU)RANO\N KAI\ E(/TERA DH\ PLEI/W, TOU= D' OU)RANOU= PE/RI KAI\ TW=N LOIPW=N OU)DEMI/AN E)/TI POIOU=NTAI MNEI/AN: W(SAU/TWS D' OI( PERI\ *SPEU/SIPPON, OU)DE\ TW=N A)/LLWN OU)QEI\S PLH\N *CENOKRA/THS: OU(=TOS GA\R A(/PANTA/ PWS PERITI/QHSIN PERI\ TO\N KO/SMON, O(MOI/WS AI)SQHTA\ KAI\ NOHTA\ KAI\ MAQHMATIKA\ KAI\ E)/TI DH\ TA\ QEI=A. PEIRA=TAI DE\ KAI\ *(ESTIAI=OS ME/XRI TINO/S, OU)X W(/SPER EI)/RHTAI PERI\ TW=N PRW/TWN MO/NON. *PLA/TWN ME\N OU)=N E)N TW=| A)NA/GEIN EI)S TA\S A)RXA\S DO/CEIEN A)\N A(/PTESQAI TW=N A)/L-LWN EI)S TA\S I)DE/AS A)NA/PTWN, TAU/TAS D' EI)S TOU\S A)RIQMOU/S, E)K DE\ TOU/TWN EI)S TA\S A)RXA/S, EI)=TA KATA\ TH\N GE/NESIN ME/XRI TW=N EI)RHME/NWN: OI( DE\ TW=N A)RXW=N MO/NON. &Plutarch, &3Quaest. Plat. &`8, 4, 1007 A_B [1pp. 82 and 84$]1 *(RHTE/ON OU)=N TOU\S U(PO\ TOU/TWN TARATTOME/NOUS DI' A)/GNOIAN OI)/ESQAI TO\N XRO/NON ME/TRON EI)=NAI KINH/SEWS KAI\ A)RIQMO\N KATA\ PRO/TERON KAI\ U(/STERON, W(S *)ARISTOTE/LHS EI)=PEN, H)\ TO\ E)N KINH/SEI POSO/N, W(S *SPEU/SIPPOS, H)\ DIA/STHMA KINH/SEWS A)/LLO D' OU)DE/N, W(S E)/NIOI TW=N *STWIKW=N A)PO\ SUMBEBHKO/TOS O(RIZO/-MENOI TH\N D' OU)SI/AN AU)TOU= KAI\ TH\N DU/NAMIN OU) SUNORW=NTES, KTL. &Aristotle, &3De Caelo &`279 B 32_280 A 10$ *(\HN DE/ TINES BOH/QEIAN E)PIXEIROU=SI FE/REIN E(AUTOI=S TW=N LEGO/NTWN A)/FQAR-TON ME\N EI)=NAI [1&sc.$ TO\N KO/SMON]1 GENO/MENON DE/, OU)K E)/STIN A)LHQH/S: O(MOI/WS @1 GA/R FASI TOI=S TA\ DIAGRA/MMATA GRA/FOUSI KAI\ SFA=S EI)RHKE/NAI PERI\ TH=S GENE/SEWS, OU)X W(S GENOME/NOU POTE/, A)LLA\ DIDASKALI/AS XA/RIN W(S MA=LLON GNWRIZO/NTWN, W(/SPER TO\ DIA/GRAMMA GIGNO/MENON QEASAME/NOUS. TOU=TO D' E)STI/N, W(/SPER LE/GOMEN, OU) TO\ AU)TO/: E)N ME\N GA\R TH=| POIH/SEI TW=N DIAGRAM-MA/TWN PA/NTWN TEQE/NTWN EI)=NAI A(/MA TO\ AU)TO\ SUMBAI/NEI, E)N DE\ TAI=S TOU/TWN A)PODEI/CESIN OU) TAU)TO/N, A)LL' A)DU/NATON: TA\ GA\R LAMBANO/MENA PRO/TERON KAI\ U(/STERON U(PENANTI/A E)STI/N: E)C A)TA/KTWN GA\R TETAGME/NA GENE/SQAI FASI/N, A(/MA DE\ A)/TAKTON EI)=NAI KAI\ TETAGME/NON A)DU/NATON, A)LL' A)NA/GKH GE/NESIN EI)=NAI TH\N XWRI/ZOUSAN KAI\ XRO/NON: E)N DE\ TOI=S DIAGRA/MMASIN OU)DE\N TW=| XRO/NW| KEXW/RISTAI. &Scholion on Aristotle, &3De Caelo &`279 B 32 ff. in &3Cod. Paris. Graec. &`1853 [1%6 E]1, p. 489 A 9_12 [1Brandis$]1 *(O *CENOKRA/THS KAI\ O( *SPEU/SIPPOS E)PIXEIROU=NTES BOHQH=SAI TW=| *PLA/TWNI E)/LEGON O(/TI OU) GENHTO\N TO\N KO/SMON O( *PLA/TWN E)DO/CAZEN A)LLA\ A)GE/NHTON, XA/RIN DE\ DIDASKALI/AS KAI\ TOU= GNWRI/SAI KAI\ PARASTH=SAI AU)TO\ A)KRIBE/STERON E)/LEGE TOU=TO GENHTO/N. &Aristotle, &3De Motu Animalium &`699 A 12_24$ *)APORH/SEIE D' A)/N TIS, A)=R' EI)/ TI KINEI= TO\N O(/LON OU)RANO/N, EI)=NAI/ TE DEI= A)KI/NHTON, KAI\ TOU=TO MHDE\N EI)=NAI TOU= OU)RANOU= MO/RION MHD' E)N TW=| OU)RANW=|. EI)/TE GA\R AU)TO\ KINOU/MENON KINEI= AU)TO/N, A)NA/GKH TINO\S A)KINH/TOU QIGGA/NON KINEI=N, KAI\ TOU=TO MHDE\N EI)=NAI MO/RION TOU= KINOU=NTOS: EI)/T' EU)QU\S A)KI/NHTO/N E)STI TO\ KINOU=N, O(MOI/WS OU)DE\N E)/SESQAI TOU= KINOUME/NOU MO/RION. KAI\ TOU=TO/ G' O)RQW=S LE/GOUSIN OI( LE/GONTES O(/TI KU/KLW| FEROME/NHS TH=S SFAI/RAS OU)D' O(TI-OU=N ME/NEI MO/RION: H)\ GA\R A)\N O(/LHN A)NAGKAI=ON H)=N ME/NEIN, H)\ DIASPA=SQAI TO\ SUNEXE\S AU)TH=S. A)LL' O(/TI TOU\S PO/LOUS OI)/ONTAI/ TINA DU/NAMIN E)/XEIN, OU)DE\N E)/XONTAS ME/GEQOS A)LL' O)/NTAS E)/SXATA KAI\ STIGMA/S, OU) KALW=S. PRO\S GA\R TW=| MHDEMI/AN OU)SI/AN EI)=NAI TW=N TOIOU/TWN MHDENO/S, KAI\ KINEI=SQAI TH\N MI/AN KI/NHSIN U(PO\ DUOI=N A)DU/NATON: TOU\S DE\ PO/LOUS DU/O POIOU=SIN. &Aristotle, &3Anal. Post. &`97 A 6_22$ *OU)DE\N DE\ DEI= TO\N O(RIZO/MENON KAI\ DIAIROU/MENON A(/PANTA EI)DE/NAI TA\ O)/NTA. KAI/TOI A)DU/NATO/N FASI/ TINES EI)=NAI TA\S DIAFORA\S EI)DE/NAI TA\S PRO\S E(/KASTON @1 MH\ EI)DO/TA E(/KASTON: A)/NEU DE\ TW=N DIAFORW=N OU)K EI)=NAI E(/KASTON EI)DE/NAI: OU(= GA\R MH\ DIAFE/REI, TAU)TO\N EI)=NAI TOU/TW|, OU(= DE\ DIAFE/REI, E(/TERON TOU/TOU. PRW=TON ME\N OU)=N TOU=TO YEU=DOS: OU) GA\R KATA\ PA=SAN DIAFORA\N E(/TERON: POLLAI\ GA\R DIAFORAI\ U(PA/RXOUSI TOI=S AU)TOI=S TW=| EI)/DEI, A)LL' OU) KAT' OU)SI/AN OU)DE\ KAQ' AU(TA/. EI)=TA O(/TAN LA/BH| TA)NTIKEI/MENA KAI\ TH\N DIAFORA\N KAI\ O(/TI PA=N E)MPI/PTEI E)NTAU=QA H)\ E)NTAU=QA, KAI\ LA/BH| E)N QATE/RW| TO\ ZHTOU/MENON EI)=NAI, KAI\ TOU=TO GINW/SKH|, OU)DE\N DIAFE/REI EI)DE/NAI H)\ MH\ EI)DE/NAI E)F' O(/SWN KATHGO-ROU=NTAI A)/LLWN AI( DIAFORAI/. FANERO\N GA\R O(/TI A)\N OU(/TW BADI/ZWN E)/LQH| EI)S TAU=TA W(=N MHKE/TI E)/STI DIAFORA/, E(/CEI TO\N LO/GON TH=S OU)SI/AS. TO\ D' A(/PAN E)MPI/PTEIN EI)S TH\N DIAI/RESIN, A)\N H)=| A)NTIKEI/MENA W(=N MH\ E)/STI METACU/, OU)K AI)/THMA: A)NA/GKH GA\R A(/PAN E)N QATE/RW| AU)TW=N EI)=NAI, EI)/PER E)KEI/NOU DIAFORA/ E)STIN. &Anonymous, &3In Anal. Post., &pp. 584, 17_585, 2 [1on 97 A 6 ff.$]1 *SPEUSI/PPOU TAU/THN TH\N DO/CAN *EU)/DHMOS EI)=NAI LE/GEI TH\N O(/TI O(RI/SASQAI A)DU/NATO/N E)STI/ TI TW=N O)/NTWN MH\ PA/NTA TA\ O)/NTA EI)DO/TA. E)PEI\ DE\ DOKEI= PIQANO/THTA/ TINA EI)SFE/REIN, TI/QHSIN AU)TH/N. E)/STI GA\R O( LO/GOS O( TOU=TO OI)O/MENOS DEIKNU/NAI TOIOU=TOS: DEI= TO\N O(RIZO/MENO/N TI EI)DE/NAI TH\N PRO\S TA\ DIAFE/RONTA AU)TOU= PA/NTA DIAFORA/N: OU(= ME\N GA\R MH\ DIAFE/REI TI, TOU/TW| TAU)TO/N E)STIN, OU(= DE\ DIAFE/REI, E(/TERON. TO\N DH\ O(RIZO/MENO/N TI W(S DIAFE/RON TW=N A)/LLWN DEI= EI)DE/NAI AU)TOU= TA\S DIAFORA\S AI(=S TW=N A)/LLWN DIAFE/REI: MH\ GA\R EI)DW/S TIS TOU=TO KAI\ TO\ TAU)TO\N E(/TERON KAI\ TO\ E(/TERON TAU)TO\N H(GH/-SETAI. OU(/TWS D' OU)D' A)PODW/SEI TH\N OI)KEI/AN TINO\S OU)SI/AN: A)\N GA\R OU(/TW TU/XH|, OU)DE\N KWLU/EI TO\N A)PODIDO/MENON LO/GON KOINO\N EI)=NAI KAI\ A)/LLWN TINW=N. A)LLA\ MH\N A)DU/NATON TH\N PRO/S TINA DIAFORA/N TINOS EI)DE/NAI MH\ EI)DO/TA KA)KEI=NA W(=N TO\ PROKEI/MENON DIAFE/REI. DEI= A)/RA PA/NTA EI)DE/NAI TO\N O(RIZO/MENO/N TI, KAI\ GA\R KAI\ TOU=TO [2O(\]2 O(RI/ZETAI O( O(RIZO/MENOS [1PW=S GA\R A)\N AU)TO\ O(RI/SAITO;]1 KAI\ TA)=LLA PA/NTA W(=N W(S E(/TERON O)\N AU)TO\ O(RI/ZETAI. O(/TI DE\ MH\ U(GIH\S O( LO/GOS OU(=TOS MHD' A)NA/GKH TO\N O(RIZO/MENO/N TI PA/NTA TA\ O)/NTA EI)DE/NAI, DEI/KNUSI. &Themistius, &3In Anal. Post., &p. 58, 4_8 [1on 97 A 6 ff.$]1 *SPEU/SIPPOS DE\ OU) KALW=S LE/GEI FA/SKWN A)NAGKAI=ON EI)=NAI TO\N O(RIZO/MENON PA/NTA EI)DE/NAI: DEI= ME\N GA/R, FHSI/, GINW/SKEIN TA\S DIAFORA\S AU)TOU= PA/SAS, @1 AI(=S TW=N A)/LLWN DIENH/NOXEN, A)DU/NATON DE\ EI)DE/NAI TA\S DIAFORA\S TA\S PRO\S E(/KASTON MH\ EI)DO/TAS AU)TO\ E(/KASTON. &Philoponus, &3In Anal. Post., &pp. 405, 27_406, 2 [1on 97 A 6 ff.$]1 *TOU=TO LE/GEI A)NAIRW=N TOU\S LO/GOUS DI' W(=N E)PEXEI/REI O( *SPEU/SIPPOS A)NAIRH=SAI KAI\ TH\N DIAI/RESIN KAI\ TOU\S O(RISMOU/S. E)PEXEI/REI GA\R OU(=TOS DEIK-NU/EIN, W(S OU)K E)/STIN A)PODOU=NAI O(RISMO/N TINOS, LE/GWN W(S O( QE/LWN DI' O(RI-SMOU= PARASTH=SAI TH\N FU/SIN TOU= A)NQRW/POU H)\ TOU= I(/PPOU H)\ A)/LLOU TINO\S O)FEI/LEI GINW/SKEIN PA/NTA TA\ O)/NTA KAI\ TA\S DIAFORA\S AU)TW=N KAQ' A(\S DIAFE/-ROUSIN A)LLH/LWN: OU(/TWS GA\R PARI/STATAI H( FU/SIS TOU= A)NQRW/POU H)\ TOU= I(/PPOU H)\ A)/LLOU TINO\S E)N TW=| XWRI/ZESQAI TW=N A)/LLWN PA/NTWN. TO\ DE\ XWRIZO/MENON DIA/ TINWN DIAFORW=N DEI= XWRI/ZESQAI. E)PEI\ DE\ A)DU/NATON PA/NTA TA\ O)/NTA GINW/SKEIN H)\ TA\S DIAFORA\S AU)TW=N, LOIPO\N DI' O(RISMOU= PARASTH=SAI/ TI A)DU/NATON. &Eustratius, &3In Anal. Post., &p. 202, 16_33 [1on 97 A 6 ff.$]1 *PERI\ ME\N O(/ROU PW=S TE QHREU/ETAI KAI\ O(/PWS AU)TW=| H( DIAI/RESIS SUNTELEI=, EI)/RHTAI. E)PEI\ DE\ *SPEU/SIPPOS PIQANO/N TINA LO/GON EI)SAGAGEI=N E)/OIKE, DI' OU(= TH\N O(RISTIKH\N E)PEIRA=TO A)NELEI=N KAI\ DEI=CAI A)DU/NATON TO\ O(RI/ZESQAI, XRH\ MH\ PARELQEI=N TO\N LO/GON A)NEPISKO/PHTON, W(/SPER TI PRO/SKOMMA KEI/MENON EI)S E)MPODISMO\N TH=S KATA\ TH\N E)PISTH/MHN PROO/DOU, A)LL' E)CELEI=N E)K ME/SOU TOI=S E)K TH=S A)LHQEI/AS E)LE/GXOIS. O( SKOPO/S, FHSI/, TOU= O(RI/ZESQAI TH\N I)DI/AN OU)SI/AN PARASTH=SAI TOU= O(RISTOU=: TOU=TO D' OU)K A)\N A)/LLWS GE/NOITO, EI) MH/ TIS AU)TO\ TW=| LO/GW| TW=N LOIPW=N DIASTH/SEIEN. OU)K A)\N DE\ DIASTH/SOI MH\ TA\S DIAFORA\S EI)DW\S TA\S PRO\S E(/KASTA: OU)K A)\N DE\ TA\S DIAFORA\S EI)DEI/H TA\S PRO\S E(/KASTA, EI) MH\ EI)DEI/H E(/KASTON. W(/SQ' I(/N' E(/N TI O(RI/SAITO/ TIS, EI)DE/NAI AU)TO\N DE/ON E(/KASTON. O(/TI D' A)NAGKAI=ON EI)DE/NAI TA\S DIAFORA\S TA\S PRO\S E(/KASTON TOU= PROKEIME/NOU TO\N DIA\ TOU= O(RISMOU= DIISTA=N AU)TO\ TW=N A)/LLWN E)QE/LONTA, DH=LON. EI) GA\R MH\ E)/STI DIAFORA\ PRO\S E(/KASTON, OU)DE\N DIAFE/REI PRO\S E(/KASTON: DIA-FORA=| GA\R DIAFE/REI TO\ DIAFE/RON: EI) DE\ MH\ DIAFE/REI PRO\S E(/KASTON, TAU)TO\N E(KA/STW|. A)LLA\ MH\N E(/TERON: E)/STIN A)/RA DIAFORA/. EI) DE\ E)/STI, DEI= TAU/THN EI)DE/NAI: A)/LLWS GA\R OU)D' O(/TI DIOI/SEI E(KA/STOU EI)/SETAI, OU)D' A)/RA LO/GON A)PODW/SEI TO\N AU)TO\ TW=N A)/LLWN XWRI/ZONTA. I(/NA A)/RA O(RISQH=| TI, DEI= PA/NTA EI)DE/NAI. OU(=TOS ME\N O( LO/GOS *SPEUSI/PPOU, DI' OU(= E)DO/KEI A)NAIREI=N TO\ O(RI/ZESQAI. &Aristotle, &3Topics &`102 A 5_9$ *(ORIKO\N ME/NTOI KAI\ TO\ TOIOU=TON QETE/ON, OI(=ON O(/TI KALO/N E)STI TO\ PRE/PON. O(MOI/WS DE\ KAI\ TO\ PO/TERON TAU)TO\N AI)/SQHSIS KAI\ E)PISTH/MH H)\ E(/TERON: KAI\ @1 GA\R PERI\ TOU\S O(RISMOU\S PO/TERON TAU)TO\N H)\ E(/TERON H( PLEI/STH GI/NETAI DIA-TRIBH/. &Aristotle, &3Topics &`108 B 23_31$ *(OMOI/WS DE\ KAI\ E)N TOI=S POLU\ DIESTW=SI XRH/SIMOS PRO\S TOU\S O(RISMOU\S H( TOU= O(MOI/OU QEWRI/A, OI(=ON O(/TI TAU)TO\N GALH/NH ME\N E)N QALA/SSH|, NHNEMI/A D' E)N A)E/RI [1E(KA/TERON GA\R H(SUXI/A]1, KAI\ O(/TI STIGMH\ E)N GRAMMH=| KAI\ MONA\S E)N A)RIQMW=| [1E(KA/TERON GA\R A)RXH/]1. W(/STE TO\ KOINO\N E)PI\ PA/NTWN GE/NOS A)PODIDO/N-TES DO/COMEN OU)K A)LLOTRI/WS O(RI/ZESQAI. SXEDO\N DE\ KAI\ OI( O(RIZO/MENOI OU(/TWS EI)W/QASIN A)PODIDO/NAI: TH/N TE GA\R MONA/DA A)RXH\N A)RIQMOU= FASIN EI)=NAI KAI\ TH\N STIGMH\N A)RXH\N GRAMMH=S. DH=LON OU)=N O(/TI EI)S TO\ KOINO\N A)MFOTE/RWN GE/NOS TIQE/ASIN. &Aristotle, &3Metaphysics &`1044 A 5_9$ *KAI\ O( O(RISMO\S EI(=S E)STI/N, O(MOI/WS DE\ OU)DE\ TOU=TON E)/XOUSI LE/GEIN. KAI\ TOU=TO EI)KO/TWS SUMBAI/NEI: TOU= AU)TOU= GA\R LO/GOU, KAI\ H( OU)SI/A E(\N OU(/TWS, A)LL' OU)X W(S LE/GOUSI/ TINES OI(=ON MONA/S TIS OU)=SA H)\ STIGMH/, A)LL' E)NTELE/XEIA KAI\ FU/SIS TIS E(KA/STH. &Aristotle, &3Metaphysics &`1045 A 12_14$ *(O D' O(RISMO\S LO/GOS E)STI\N EI(=S OU) SUNDE/SMW| KAQA/PER H( *)ILIA\S A)LLA\ TW=| E(NO\S EI)=NAI. Ï&Aristotle, &3De Partibus Animalium &`642 B 5_644 A 11$ *LAMBA/NOUSI D' E)/NIOI TO\ KAQ' E(/KASTON, DIAIROU/MENOI TO\ GE/NOS EI)S DU/O DIAFORA/S. TOU=TO D' E)STI\ TH=| ME\N OU) R(A/|DION, TH=| DE\ A)DU/NATON. E)NI/WN GA\R E)/STAI DIAFORA\ MI/A MO/NH, TA\ D' A)/LLA PERI/ERGA, OI(=ON U(PO/POUN, DI/POUN, SXIZO/POUN: AU(/TH GA\R MO/NH KURI/A. EI) DE\ MH/, TAU)TO\N POLLA/KIS A)NAGKAI=ON LE/GEIN. *)/ETI DE\ PROSH/KEI MH\ DIASPA=N E(/KASTON GE/NOS, OI(=ON TOU\S O)/RNIQAS TOU\S ME\N E)N TH=|DE, TOU\S D' E)N A)/LLH| DIAIRE/SEI, KAQA/PER E)/XOUSIN AI( GEGRAMME/NAI DIAIRE/SEIS: E)KEI= GA\R TOU\S ME\N META\ TW=N E)NU/DRWN SUMBAI/NEI DIH|RH=SQAI, @1 TOU\S D' E)N A)/LLW| GE/NEI. TAU/TH| ME\N OU)=N TH=| O(MOIO/THTI O)/RNIS O)/NOMA KEI=TAI, E(TE/RA| D' I)XQU/S. A)/LLAI D' EI)SI\N A)NW/NUMOI, OI(=ON TO\ E)/NAIMON KAI\ TO\ A)/NAIMON: E)F' E(KATE/RW| GA\R TOU/TWN OU) KEI=TAI E(\N O)/NOMA. EI)/PER OU)=N MHDE\N TW=N O(MO-GENW=N DIASPASTE/ON, H( EI)S DU/O DIAI/RESIS MA/TAIOS A)\N EI)/H: OU(/TWS GA\R DIAIROU=NTAS A)NAGKAI=ON XWRI/ZEIN KAI\ DIASPA=N: TW=N POLUPO/DWN GA/R E)STI TA\ ME\N E)N TOI=S PEZOI=S TA\ D' E)N TOI=S E)NU/DROIS. *)/ETI STERH/SEI ME\N A)NAGKAI=ON DIAIREI=N, KAI\ DIAIROU=SIN OI( DIXOTOMOU=NTES. OU)K E)/STI DE\ DIAFORA\ STERH/SEWS H(=| STE/RHSIS: A)DU/NATON GA\R EI)/DH EI)=NAI TOU= MH\ O)/NTOS, OI(=ON TH=S A)PODI/AS H)\ TOU= A)PTE/ROU W(/SPER PTERW/SEWS KAI\ PODW=N. DEI= DE\ TH=S KOQO/LOU DIAFORA=S EI)/DH EI)=NAI: EI) GA\R MH\ E)/STAI, DIA\ ÈTI/ A)\N EI)/H TW=N KAQO/LOU KAI\ OU) TW=N KAQ' E(/KASTON; TW=N DE\ DIAFORW=N AI( ME\N KAQO/LOU EI)SI\ KAI\ E)/XOUSIN EI)/DH, OI(=ON PTERO/THS: TO\ ME\N GA\R A)/SXISTON TO\ D' E)SXISME/NON E)STI\ PTERO/N. KAI\ PODO/THS W(SAU/TWS H( ME\N POLUSXIDH/S, H( DE\ DISXIDH/S, OI(=ON TA\ DIXALA/, H( D' A)SXIDH\S KAI\ A)DIAI/RETOS, OI(=ON TA\ MW/NUXA. XALEPO\N ME\N OU)=N DIALABEI=N KAI\ EI)S TOIAU/TAS DIAFORA\S W(=N E)/STIN EI)/DH, W(/SQ' O(TIOU=N ZW=|ON E)N TAU/TAIS U(PA/RXEIN KAI\ MH\ E)N PLEI/OSI TAU)TO/N, OI(=ON PTERWTO\N KAI\ A)/PTERON [1E)/STI GA\R A)/MFW TAU)TO/N, OI(=ON MU/RMHC KAI\ LAMPURI\S KAI\ E(/TERA/ TINA]1, PA/NTWN DE\ XALEPW/TATON H)\ A)DU/NATON EI)S TA\ A)NTIKEI/MENA. A)NAGKAI=ON GA\R TW=N KAQ' E(/KASTON U(PA/RXEIN TINI\ TW=N DIA-FORW=N E(KA/STHN, W(/STE KAI\ TH\N A)NTIKEIME/NHN. EI) DE\ MH\ E)NDE/XETAI TOI=S EI)/DEI DIAFE/ROUSIN U(PA/RXEIN EI)=DO/S TI TH=S OU)SI/AS A)/TOMON KAI\ E(/N, A)LL' A)EI\ DIAFORA\N E(/CEI [1OI(=ON O)/RNIS A)NQRW/POU: H( DIPODI/A GA\R A)/LLH KAI\ DIA/FOROS: KA)\N EI) E)/NAIMA, TO\ AI(=MA DIA/FORON, H)\ OU)DE\N TH=S OU)SI/AS TO\ AI(=MA QETE/ON: EI) D' OU(/TWS E)STI/N, H( MI/A DIAFORA\ DUSI\N U(PA/RCEI]1: EI) DE\ TOU=TO, DH=LON O(/TI A)DU/NATON STE/RHSIN EI)=NAI DIAFORA/N. E)/SONTAI D' AI( DIAFORAI\ I)/SAI TOI=S A)TO/MOIS ZW/|OIS, EI)/PER A)/TOMA/ TE TAU=TA KAI\ AI( DIAFORAI\ A)/TOMOI, KOINH\ DE\ MH\ E)/STIN. EI) D' E)NDE/XETAI MH\ U(PA/RXEIN KAI\ KOINH\N A)/TOMON DE/, DH=LON O(/TI KATA/ GE TH\N KOINH\N E)N TW=| AU)TW=| E)STIN, E(/TERA O)/NTA TW=| EI)/DEI ZW=|A. W(/ST' A)NAGKAI=ON, EI) I)/DIOI AI( DIAFORAI\ EI)S A(\S A(/PANTA E)MPI/PTEI TA\ A)/TOMA, MHDEMI/AN AU)TW=N EI)=NAI KOINH/N. EI) DE\ MH/, E(/TERA O)/NTA EI)S TH\N AU)TH\N BADIEI=TAI. DEI= D' OU)/TE TO\ AU)TO\ KAI\ A)/TOMON EI)S E(TE/RAN KAI\ E(TE/RAN I)E/NAI DIAFORA\N TW=N DIH|RHME/NWN, OU)/T' EI)S TH\N AU)TH\N E(/TERA, KAI\ A(/PANTA EI)S TAU/TAS. FANERO\N TOI/NUN O(/TI OU)K E)/STI LABEI=N TA\ A)/TOMA EI)/DH W(S DIAIROU=NTAI OI( EI)S DU/O DIAIROU=NTES TA\ ZW=|A H)\ KAI\ A)/LLO O(TIOU=N GE/NOS. KAI\ GA\R KAT' E)KEI/NOUS A)NAGKAI=ON I)/SAS TA\S E)S-XA/TAS EI)=NAI DIAFORA\S TOI=S ZW/|OIS PA=SI TOI=S A)TO/MOIS TW=| EI)/DEI. O)/NTOS GA\R TOU=DE/ TINOS GE/NOUS, OU(= DIAFORAI\ PRW=TAI TA\ LEUKA/, TOU/TWN D' E(KATE/ROU A)/LLAI, KAI\ OU(/TWS EI)S TO\ PRO/SW E(/WS TW=N A)TO/MWN, AI( TELEUTAI=AI TE/TTARES E)/SONTAI H)\ A)/LLO TI PLH=QOS TW=N A)F' E(NO\S DIPLASIAZOME/NWN: TOSAU=TA DE\ KAI\ TA\ EI)/DH. E)/STI D' H( DIAFORA\ TO\ EI)=DOS E)N TH=| U(/LH|. OU)/TE GA\R A)/NEU U(/LHS OU)DE\N ZW/|OU MO/RION, OU)/TE MO/NH H( U(/LH: OU) GA\R PA/NTWS E)/XON SW=MA E)/STAI ZW=|ON, OU)DE\ TW=N MORI/WN OU)DE/N, W(/SPER POLLA/KIS EI)/RHTAI. @1 *)/ETI DIAIREI=N XRH\ TOI=S E)N TH=| OU)SI/A| KAI\ MH\ TOI=S SUMBEBHKO/SI KAQ' AU(TO/, OI(=ON EI)/ TIS TA\ SXH/MATA DIAIROI/H, O(/TI TA\ ME\N DUSI\N O)RQAI=S I)/SAS E)/XEI TA\S GWNI/AS, TA\ DE\ PLEI/OSIN: SUMBEBHKO\S GA/R TI TW=| TRIGW/NW| TO\ DUSI\N O)RQAI=S I)/SAS E)/XEIN TA\S GWNI/AS. *)/ETI TOI=S A)NTIKEIME/NOIS DIAIREI=N. DIA/FORA GA\R A)LLH/LOIS TA)NTIKEI/MENA, OI(=ON LEUKO/THS KAI\ MELANI/A KAI\ EU)QU/THS KAI\ KAMPULO/THS. E)A\N OU)=N QA/TERA DIA/FORA H)=|, TW=| A)NTIKEIME/NW| DIAIRETE/ON KAI\ MH\ TO\ ME\N NEU/SEI TO\ DE\ XRW/-MATI. *PRO\S DE\ TOU/TOIS TA/ G' E)/MYUXA TOI=S KOINOI=S E)/RGOIS TOU= SW/MATOS KAI\ TH=S YUXH=S, OI(=ON KAI\ E)N TAI=S R(HQEI/SAIS NU=N POREUTIKA\ KAI\ PTHNA/: E)/STI GA/R TINA GE/NH OI(=S A)/MFW U(PA/RXEI KAI\ E)/STI PTHNA\ KAI\ A)/PTERA, KAQA/PER TO\ TW=N MURMH/KWN GE/NOS. KAI\ TW=| A)GRI/W| KAI\ TW=| H(ME/RW| DIAIREI=SQAI: W(SAU/TWS GA\R A)\N DO/CEIE TAU)TA\ EI)/DH DIAIREI=N. PA/NTA GA\R W(S EI)PEI=N, O(/SA H(/MERA KAI\ A)/GRIA TUGXA/NEI O)/NTA, OI(=ON A)/NQRWPOI, I(/PPOI, BO/ES, KU/NES E)N TH=| *)INDIKH=|, U(/ES, AI)=GES, PRO/BATA: W(=N E(/KASTON, EI) ME\N O(MW/NUMON, OU) DIH/|RHTAI XWRI/S, EI) DE\ TAU=TA E(\N EI)/DEI, OU)X OI(=O/N T' EI)=NAI DIAFORA\S TO\ A)/GRION KAI\ TO\ H(/MERON. *(/OLWS D' O(POIA|OU=N DIAFORA=| MIA=| DIAIROU=NTI TOU=TO SUMBAI/NEIN A)NAGKAI=ON. A)LLA\ DEI= PEIRA=SQAI LAMBA/NEIN KATA\ GE/NH TA\ ZW=|A, W(S U(FH/GHNQ' OI( POLLOI\ DIORI/SANTES O)/RNIQOS GE/NOS KAI\ I)XQU/OS. TOU/TWN D' E(/KASTON POLLAI=S W(/RISTAI DIAFORAI=S, OU) KATA\ TH\N DIXOTOMI/AN. OU(/TW ME\N GA\R H)/TOI TO\ PARA/PAN OU)K E)/STI LABEI=N [1TO\ AU)TO\ GA\R EI)S PLEI/OUS E)MPI/PTEI DIAIRE/SEIS KAI\ TA\ E)NANTI/A EI)S TH\N AU)TH/N]1, H)\ MI/A MO/NON DIAFORA\ E)/STAI, KAI\ AU(/TH H)/TOI A(PLH=, H)\ E)K SUMPLOKH=S TO\ TELEUTAI=ON E)/STAI EI)=DOS. E)A\N DE\ MH\ DIAFORA=S LAMBA/NH| TH\N DIAFORA/N, A)NAGKAI=ON W(/SPER SUNDE/SMW| TO\N LO/GON E(/NA POIOU=NTAS, OU(/TW KAI\ TH\N DIAI/RESIN SUNEXH= POIEI=N. LE/GW D' OI(=ON SUMBAI/NEI TOI=S DIAIROU-ME/NOIS TO\ ME\N A)/PTERON TO\ DE\ PTERWTO/N, PTERWTOU= DE\ TO\ ME\N H(/MERON TO\ D' A)/GRION, H)\ TO\ ME\N LEUKO\N TO\ DE\ ME/LAN: OU) GA\R DIAFORA\ TOU= PTERWTOU= TO\ H(/MERON OU)DE\ TO\ LEUKO/N, A)LL' E(TE/RAS A)RXH\ DIAFORA=S, E)KEI= DE\ KATA\ SUMBE-BHKO/S. DIO\ POLLAI=S TO\ E(\N EU)QE/WS DIAIRETE/ON, W(/SPER LE/GOMEN. KAI\ GA\R OU(/TWS ME\N AI( STERH/SEIS POIH/SOUSI DIAFORA/N, E)N DE\ TH=| DIXOTOMI/A| OU) POIH/SOUSIN. *(/OTI D' OU)K E)NDE/XETAI TW=N KAQ' E(/KASTON EI)DW=N LAMBA/NEIN OU)DE\N DIAIROU=SI DI/XA TO\ GE/NOS, W(/SPER TINE\S W)|H/QHSAN, KAI\ E)K TW=NDE FANERO/N. A)DU/NATON GA\R MI/AN U(PA/RXEIN DIAFORA\N TW=N KAQ' E(/KASTON DIAIRETW=N, E)A/N TE A(PLA= LAMBA/NH| E)A/N TE SUMPEPLEGME/NA [1LE/GW DE\ A(PLA= ME/N, E)A\N MH\ E)/XH| DIA-FORA/N, OI(=ON TH\N SXIZOPODI/AN, SUMPEPLEGME/NA DE/, E)A\N E)/XH|, OI(=ON TO\ POLUSXIDE\S PRO\S TO\ SXIZO/POUN. TOU=TO GA\R H( SUNE/XEIA BOU/LETAI TW=N A)PO\ TOU= GE/NOUS KATA\ TH\N DIAI/RESIN DIAFORW=N W(S E(/N TI TO\ PA=N O)/N, A)LLA\ PARA\ TH\N LE/CIN SUMBAI/NEI DOKEI=N TH\N TELEUTAI/AN MO/NHN EI)=NAI DIAFORA/N, OI(=ON TO\ POLUSXIDE\S H)\ TO\ DI/POUN: TO\ D' U(PO/POUN KAI\ POLU/POUN PERI/ERGA]1. O(/TI D' @1 A)DU/NATON PLEI/OUS EI)=NAI TOIAU/TAS, DH=LON: A)EI\ GA\R BADI/ZWN E)PI\ TH\N E)SXA/THN DIAFORA\N A)FIKNEI=TAI, A)LL' OU)K E)PI\ TH\N TELEUTAI/AN KAI\ TO\ EI)=DOS. AU(/TH D' E)STI\N H)\ TO\ SXIZO/POUN MO/NON, H)\ PA=SA H( SU/MPLECIS, E)A\N DIAIRH=TAI A)/NQRWPON, OI(=ON EI)/ TIS SUNQEI/H U(PO/POUN, DI/POUN, SXIZO/POUN. EI) D' H)=N O( A)/NQRWPOS SXIZO/POUN MO/NON, OU(/TWS E)GI/GNET' A)\N AU(/TH MI/A DIAFORA/. NU=N D' E)PEIDH\ OU)K E)/STIN, A)NA/GKH POLLA\S EI)=NAI MH\ U(PO\ MI/AN DIAI/RESIN. A)LLA\ MH\N PLEI/OUS GE TOU= AU)TOU= OU)K E)/STIN U(PO\ MI/AN DIXOTOMI/AN EI)=NAI, A)LLA\ MI/AN KATA\ MI/AN TELEUTA=N. W(/STE A)DU/NATON O(TIOU=N LABEI=N TW=N KAQ' E(/KASTON ZW/|WN DI/XA DIAIROUME/NOUS. &Simplicius, &3In Categ., &p. 3, 19_24$ *SPEU/SIPPON TOI/NUN I(STOREI= *BO/HQOS TOIAU/THN DIAI/RESIN PARALAMBA/NEIN TA\ O)NO/MATA PA/NTA PERILAMBA/NOUSAN. TW=N GA\R O)NOMA/TWN, FHSI/, TA\ ME\N TAU)TW/NUMA/ E)STIN, TA\ DE\ E(TERW/NUMA: KAI\ TW=N TAU)TWNU/MWN TA\ ME\N O(MW/NUMA/ E)STIN, TA\ DE\ SUNW/NUMA [1KATA\ TH\N TW=N PALAIW=N SUNH/QEIAN A)KOUO/NTWN H(MW=N TA\ SUNW/NUMA]1: TW=N DE\ E(TERWNU/MWN TA\ ME\N EI)=NAI I)DI/WS E(TERW/NUMA, TA\ DE\ POLUW/NUMA, TA\ DE\ PARW/NUMA. @1 &Simplicius, &3In Categ., &p. 29, 5$ *SPEU/SIPPOS DE/, W(/S FASIN, H)RKEI=TO LE/GEIN "3O( DE\ LO/GOS E(/TEROS."3 &Porphyry,$ *PRO\S *GEDA/LEION, &in Simplicius, &3In Categ., &p. 36, 25_31$ "3*)/ENQA DE\ PERI\ TA\S PLEI/OUS FWNA\S H( SPOUDH\ KAI\ TH\N POLUEIDH= E(KA/STOU O)NOMASI/AN, W(/SPER E)N TW=| *PERI\ POIHTIKH=S KAI\ TW=| TRI/TW| *PERI\ R(HTORIKH=S, TOU= E(TE/ROU SUNWNU/MOU DEO/MEQA, O(/PER POLUW/NUMON O( *SPEU/SIPPOS E)KA/LEI. KAI\ OU) KALW=S O( *BO/HQOS PARALELEI=FQAI TW=| *)ARISTOTE/LEI FHSI\ TA\ PARA\ TOI=S NEWTE/ROIS KALOU/MENA SUNW/NUMA, A(/PER *SPEU/SIPPOS E)KA/LEI POLUW/-NUMA: OU) GA\R PARALE/LEIPTAI, A)LL' E)N A)/LLAIS PRAGMATEI/AIS, E)N AI(=S H)=N OI)KEI=OS O( LO/GOS, PAREI/LHPTAI."3 &Aristotle, &3Sophistici Elenchi &`170 B 12_171 B 2$ *OU)K E)/STI DE\ DIAFORA\ TW=N LO/GWN H(\N LE/GOUSI/ TINES, TO\ EI)=NAI TOU\S ME\N PRO\S TOU)/NOMA LO/GOUS, E(TE/ROUS DE\ PRO\S TH\N DIA/NOIAN: A)/TOPON GA\R TO\ U(POLAMBA/NEIN A)/LLOUS ME\N EI)=NAI PRO\S TOU)/NOMA LO/GOUS, E(TE/ROUS DE\ PRO\S TH\N DIA/NOIAN, A)LL' OU) TOU\S AU)TOU/S. TI/ GA/R E)STI TO\ MH\ PRO\S TH\N DIA/NOIAN A)LL' H)\ O(/TAN MH\ XRH=TAI TW=| O)NO/MATI E)F' W(=| OI)O/MENOS E)RWTA=SQAI O( E)RWTW/-MENOS E)/DWKEN; TO\ D' AU)TO\ TOU=TO/ E)STI KAI\ PRO\S TOU)/NOMA: TO\ DE\ PRO\S TH\N DIA/NOIAN, O(/TAN E)F' W(=| E)/DWKEN DIANOHQEI/S. EI) DH/ TIS PLEI/W SHMAI/NONTOS TOU= O)NO/MATOS OI)/OITO E(\N SHMAI/NEIN KAI\ O( E)RWTW=N KAI\ O( E)RWTW/MENOS [1OI(=ON I)/SWS TO\ O)\N H)\ TO\ E(\N POLLA\ SHMAI/NEI, A)LLA\ KAI\ O( A)POKRINO/MENOS KAI\ O( E)RWTW=N *ZH/NWN E(\N OI)O/MENOS EI)=NAI H)RW/THSE, KAI\ E)/STIN O( LO/GOS O(/TI E(\N PA/NTA]1, OU(=TOS PRO\S TOU)/NOMA E)/STAI H)\ PRO\S TH\N DIA/NOIAN TOU= E)RWTWME/NOU DIEILE-GME/NOS; EI) DE/ GE/ TIS POLLA\ OI)/ETAI SHMAI/NEIN, DH=LON O(/TI OU) PRO\S TH\N DIA/NOIAN. PRW=TON ME\N GA\R PERI\ TOU\S TOIOU/TOUS E)STI\ LO/GOUS TO\ PRO\S TOU)/NOMA KAI\ PRO\S TH\N DIA/NOIAN O(/SOI PLEI/W SHMAI/NOUSIN, EI)=TA PERI\ O(NTIN-OU=N E)STIN: OU) GA\R E)N TW=| LO/GW| E)STI\ TO\ PRO\S TH\N DIA/NOIAN EI)=NAI, A)LL' E)N TW=| TO\N A)POKRINO/MENON E)/XEIN PWS PRO\S TA\ DEDOME/NA. EI)=TA PRO\S TOU)/NOMA PA/NTAS E)NDE/XETAI AU)TOU\S EI)=NAI: TO\ GA\R PRO\S TOU)/NOMA TO\ MH\ PRO\S TH\N DIA/NOIAN EI)=NAI/ E)STIN E)NTAU=QA. EI) GA\R MH\ PA/NTES, E)/SONTAI/ TINES E(/TEROI OU)/TE PRO\S TOU)/NOMA OU)/TE PRO\S TH\N DIA/NOIAN: OI( DE/ FASI PA/NTAS, KAI\ DIAIROU=NTAI @1 H)\ PRO\S TOU)/NOMA H)\ PRO\S TH\N DIA/NOIAN EI)=NAI PA/NTAS, A)/LLOUS D' OU)/. A)LLA\ MH\N O(/SOI SULLOGISMOI/ EI)SI PARA\ TO\ PLEONAXW=S, TOU/TWN EI)SI/ TINES OI( PARA\ TOU)/NOMA. A)TO/PWS ME\N GA\R KAI\ EI)/RHTAI TO\ PARA\ TOU)/NOMA FA/NAI PA/NTAS TOU\S PARA\ TH\N LE/CIN: A)LL' OU)=N EI)SI/ TINES PARALOGISMOI\ OU) TW=| TO\N A)PO-KRINO/MENON PRO\S TOU/TOUS E)/XEIN PWS, A)LLA\ TW=| TOIONDI\ E)RW/THMA TO\N LO/GON AU)TO\N E)/XEIN O(\ PLEI/W SHMAI/NEI. *(/OLWS TE A)/TOPON TO\ PERI\ E)LE/GXOU DIALE/GESQAI A)LLA\ MH\ PRO/TERON PERI\ SULLOGISMOU=: O( GA\R E)/LEGXOS SULLOGISMO/S E)STIN, W(/STE XRH\ KAI\ PERI\ SULLOGISMOU= PRO/TERON H)\ PERI\ YEUDOU=S E)LE/GXOU: E)/STI GA\R O( TOIOU=TOS E)/LEGXOS FAINO/MENOS SULLOGISMO\S A)NTIFA/SEWS. DIO\ H)\ E)N TW=| SULLOGISMW=| E)/STAI TO\ AI)/TION H)\ E)N TH=| A)NTIFA/SEI [1PROSKEI=SQAI GA\R DEI= TH\N A)NTI/FASIN]1, O(TE\ D' E)N A)MFOI=N, A)\N H)=| FAINO/MENOS E)/LEGXOS. E)/STI DE\ O( ME\N TOU= "3SIGW=NTA LE/GEIN"3 E)N TH=| A)NTIFA/SEI, OU)K E)N TW=| SULLOGISMW=|, O( DE\ "3A(\ MH\ E)/XOI TIS, DOI/H A)/N"3 E)N A)MFOI=N, O( DE\ O(/TI H( *(OMH/ROU POI/HSIS SXH=MA DIA\ TOU= "3KU/KLOS"3 E)N TW=| SULLOGISMW=|. O( D' E)N MHDETE/RW| A)LHQH\S SULLOGISMO/S. *)ALLA\ DH/, O(/QEN O( LO/GOS H)=LQE, PO/TERON OI( E)N TOI=S MAQH/MASI LO/GOI PRO\S TH\N DIA/NOIA/N EI)SIN H)\ OU)/; KAI\ EI)/ TINI DOKEI= POLLA\ SHMAI/NEIN TO\ TRI/GWNON, KAI\ E)/DWKE MH\ W(S TOU=TO TO\ SXH=MA E)F' OU(= SUNEPERA/NATO O(/TI DU/O O)RQAI/, PO/TERON PRO\S TH\N DIA/NOIAN OU(=TOS DIEI/LEKTAI TH\N E)KEI/NOU H)\ OU)/; *)/ETI EI) POLLA\ ME\N SHMAI/NEI TOU)/NOMA, O( DE\ MH\ NOEI= MHD' OI)/ETAI, PW=S OU(=TOS OU) PRO\S TH\N DIA/NOIAN DIEI/LEKTAI; H)\ PW=S DEI= E)RWTA=N PLH\N DIDO/NTA DIAI/RESIN, EI)/ T' E)RWTH/SEIE/ TIS EI) E)/STI SIGW=NTA LE/GEIN H)\ OU)/, H)\ E)/STI ME\N W(S OU)/, E)/STI D' W(S NAI/, EI) DH/ TIS DOI/H MHDAMW=S, O( DE\ DIALEXQEI/H, A)=R' OU) PRO\S TH\N DIA/NOIAN DIEI/LEKTAI; KAI/TOI O( LO/GOS DOKEI= TW=N PARA\ TO\ O)/NOMA EI)=NAI. OU)K A)/RA E)STI\ GE/NOS TI LO/GWN TO\ PRO\S TH\N DIA/NOIAN. A)LL' OI( ME\N PRO\S TOU)/NOMA/ EI)SI: KAI/TOI OU(=TOI OU) PA/NTES, OU)X O(/TI OI( E)/LEGXOI A)LL' OU)D' OI( FAINO/MENOI E)/LEGXOI. EI)SI\ GA\R KAI\ MH\ PARA\ TH\N LE/CIN FAINO/MENOI E)/LEGXOI, OI(=ON OI( PARA\ TO\ SUMBEBHKO\S KAI\ E(/TEROI. *EI) DE/ TIS A)CIOI= DIAIREI=N, O(/TI "3LE/GW DE\ SIGW=NTA LE/GEIN TA\ ME\N W(DI\ TA\ D' W(DI/"3, A)LLA\ TOU=TO/ G' E)STI\ PRW=TON ME\N A)/TOPON, TO\ A)CIOU=N: E)NI/OTE GA\R OU) DOKEI= TO\ E)RWTW/MENON POLLAXW=S E)/XEIN, A)DU/NATON DE\ DIAIREI=N O(\ MH\ OI)/ETAI. E)/PEITA TO\ DIDA/SKEIN TI/ A)/LLO E)/STAI; FANERO\N GA\R POIH/SEI W(S E)/XEI TW=| MH/T' E)SKEMME/NW| MH/T' EI)DO/TI MH/Q' U(POLAMBA/NONTI O(/TI A)/LLWS LE/GETAI: E)PEI\ KAI\ E)N TOI=S MH\ DIPLOI=S TI/ KWLU/EI TOU=TO PAQEI=N; "3A)=RA I)/SAI AI( MONA/DES TAI=S DUA/SIN E)N TOI=S TE/TTARSIN; EI)SI\ DE\ DUA/DES AI( ME\N W(DI\ E)NOU=SAI AI( DE\ W(DI/."3 KAI\ "3A)=RA TW=N E)NANTI/WN MI/A E)PISTH/MH H)\ OU)/; E)/STI D' E)NANTI/A TA\ ME\N GNWSTA\ TA\ D' A)/GNWSTA."3 W(/ST' E)/OIKEN A)GNOEI=N O( TOU=TO A)CIW=N O(/TI E(/TERON TO\ DIDA/SKEIN TOU= DIALE/GESQAI, KAI\ O(/TI DEI= TO\N ME\N DIDA/SKONTA MH\ E)RWTA=N A)LL' AU)TO\N DH=LA POIEI=N, TO\N D' E)RWTA=N. @1 &Aristotle, &3Sophistici Elenchi &`177 B 7_9$ *FANERO\N DE\ KAI\ O(/TI OU) PA/NTES OI( E)/LEGXOI PARA\ TO\ DITTO/N, KAQA/PER TINE/S FASIN. Ə&Diogenes Laertius IV, 2 [1I, p. 164, 18_20$]1 *OU(=TOS [1&sc.$ *SPEU/SIPPOS]1 PRW=TOS, KAQA/ FHSI *DIO/DWROS E)N *)APO-MNHMONEUMA/TWN PRW/TW|, E)N TOI=S MAQH/MASIN E)QEA/SATO TO\ KOINO\N KAI\ SUNW|KEI/WSE KAQ' O(/SON H)=N DUNATO\N A)LLH/LOIS. &Aristotle, &3Anal. Post. &`88 B 21_29$ *EI) DE\ MH/T' E)C A(PASW=N W(S DE/ON DEI/KNUSQAI O(TIOU=N MH/Q' OU(/TWS E(TE/RAS W(/SQ' E(KA/STHS E)PISTH/MHS EI)=NAI E(TE/RAS, LEI/PETAI EI) SUGGENEI=S AI( A)RXAI\ PA/NTWN, A)LL' E)K TWNDI\ ME\N TADI/, E)K DE\ TWNDI\ TADI/. FANERO\N DE\ KAI\ TOU=Q' O(/TI OU)K E)NDE/XETAI: DE/DEIKTAI GA\R O(/TI A)/LLAI A)RXAI\ TW=| GE/NEI EI)SI\N AI( TW=N DIAFO/RWN TW=| GE/NEI. AI( GA\R A)RXAI\ DITTAI/, E)C W(=N TE KAI\ PERI\ O(/: AI( ME\N OU)=N E)C W(=N KOINAI/, AI( DE\ PERI\ O(\ I)/DIAI, OI(=ON A)RIQMO/S, ME/GEQOS. @1 &Proclus, &3In Euclidem, &pp. 77, 15_78, 10$ *)/HDH DE\ TW=N PALAIW=N OI( ME\N PA/NTA QEWRH/MATA KALEI=N H)CI/WSAN, W(S OI( PERI\ *SPEU/SIPPON KAI\ *)AMFI/NOMON, H(GOU/MENOI TAI=S QEWRHTIKAI=S E)PISTH/MAIS OI)KEIOTE/RAN EI)=NAI TH\N TW=N QEWRHMA/TWN PROSHGORI/AN H)\ TH\N TW=N PROBLHMA/TWN, A)/LLWS TE KAI\ PERI\ A)I+DI/WN POIOUME/NAIS TOU\S LO/GOUS. OU) GA/R E)STI GE/NESIS E)N TOI=S A)I+DI/OIS, W(/STE OU)DE\ TO\ PRO/BLHMA XW/RAN E)PI\ TOU/TWN A)\N E)/XOI, GE/NESIN E)PAGGELLO/MENON KAI\ POI/HSIN TOU= MH/PW PRO/TERON O)/NTOS, OI(=ON I)SOPLEU/ROU TRIGW/NOU SU/STASIN, H)\ TETRAGW/NOU DOQEI/SHS EU)QEI/AS A)NAGRAFH/N, H)\ QE/SIN EU)QEI/AS PRO\S TW=| DOQE/NTI SHMEI/W|. A)/MEINON OU)=N FASI LE/GEIN O(/TI PA/NTA TAU=TA E)/STI, TA\S DE\ GENE/SEIS AU)TW=N OU) POIH-TIKW=S A)LLA\ GNWSTIKW=S O(RW=MEN W(SANEI\ GIGNO/MENA LAMBA/NONTES TA\ A)EI\ O)/NTA, W(/STE KAI\ PA/NTA QEWRHMATIKW=S E)ROU=MEN A)LL' OU) PROBLHMATIKW=S LAMBA/NESQAI. OI( DE\ A)NA/PALIN PA/NTA PROBLH/MATA LE/GEIN E)DIKAI/OUN W(S OI( PERI\ *ME/NAIXMON MAQHMATIKOI/, TH\N DE\ PROBOLH\N EI)=NAI DITTH/N: KTL. &Proclus, &3In Euclidem, &p. 179, 12_22$ *DEI= GA\R DH\ PANTAXOU= TA\S A)RXA\S TW=N META\ TA\S A)RXA\S DIAFE/REIN TH=| A(PLO/THTI, TW=| A)NAPODEI/KTW|, TW=| AU)TOPI/STW|. KAQO/LOU GA/R, FHSI\N O( *SPEU/SIPPOS, W(=N H( DIA/NOIA TH\N QH/RAN POIEI=TAI TA\ ME\N OU)DEMI/AN POI-KI/LHN POIHSAME/NH DIE/CODON PROBA/LLEI KAI\ PROEUTREPI/ZEI PRO\S TH\N ME/L-LOUSAN ZH/THSIN KAI\ E)/XEI TOU/TWN E)NARGESTE/RAN E)PAFH\N MA=LLON H)\ TW=N O(RATW=N H( O)/YIS, TA\ DE\ E)K TOU= EU)QE/WS AI(REI=N A)DUNATOU=SA KATA\ META/BASIN E)P' E)KEI=NA DIABAI/NOUSA KATA\ TO\ A)KO/LOUQON AU)TW=N E)PIXEIREI= POIEI=SQAI TH\N QH/RAN. &Proclus, &3In Euclidem, &p. 181, 16_17 and 21_23$ *)/HDH DE\ OI( ME\N PA/NTA AI)TH/MATA KALEI=N A)CIOU=SIN, W(/SPER KAI\ PRO-BLH/MATA TA\ ZHTOU/MENA PA/NTA ..... OI( DE\ PA/NTA A)CIW/MATA PROSAGO-REU/OUSIN, W(/SPER DH\ KAI\ QEWRH/MATA PA/NTA TA\ A)PODEI/CEWS DEO/MENA. &Sextus, &3Adv. Math. &VII, 145_146$ *SPEU/SIPPOS DE/, E)PEI\ TW=N PRAGMA/TWN TA\ ME/N E)STIN AI)SQHTA/, TA\ DE\ @1 NOHTA/, TW=N ME\N NOHTW=N KRITH/RION E)/LECEN EI)=NAI TO\N E)PISTHMONIKO\N LO/GON, TW=N DE\ AI)SQHTW=N TH\N E)PISTHMONIKH\N AI)/SQHSIN. E)PISTHMONIKH\N DE\ AI)/SQHSIN U(PEI/LHFE KAQESTA/NAI TH\N METALAMBA/NOUSAN TH=S KATA\ TO\N LO/GON A)LH-QEI/AS. W(/SPER GA\R OI( TOU= AU)LHTOU= H)\ TOU= YA/LTOU DA/KTULOI TEXNIKH\N ME\N EI)=XON E)NE/RGEIAN, OU)K E)N AU)TOI=S DE\ PROHGOUME/NWS TELEIOUME/NHN, A)LL' E)K TH=S PRO\S TO\N LOGISMO\N SUNASKH/SEWS A)PARTIZOME/NHN, KAI\ W(S H( TOU= ˈMOUSIKOU= AI)/SQHSIS E)NE/RGEIAN ME\N EI)=XEN A)NTILHPTIKH\N TOU= TE H(RMOSME/NOU KAI\ TOU= A)NARMO/TOU, TAU/THN DE\ OU)K AU)TOFUH=, A)LL' E)K LOGISMOU= PERI-GEGONUI=AN, OU(/TW KAI\ H( E)PISTHMONIKH\ AI)/SQHSIS FUSIKW=S PARA\ TOU= LO/GOU TH=S E)PISTHMONIKH=S METALAMBA/NEI TRIBH=S PRO\S A)PLANH= TW=N U(POKEIME/NWN DIA/GNWSIN. ͏&Clement, &3Stromata &II, 22, 133, 4 [1II, p. 186, 19_23$]1 *SPEU/SIPPO/S TE O( *PLA/TWNOS A)DELFIDOU=S TH\N EU)DAIMONI/AN FHSI\N E(/CIN EI)=NAI TELEI/AN E)N TOI=S KATA\ FU/SIN E)/XOUSIN H)\ E(/CIN A)GAQW=N, H(=S DH\ KATA-STA/SEWS A(/PANTAS ME\N A)NQRW/POUS O)/RECIN E)/XEIN, STOXA/ZESQAI DE\ TOU\S A)GAQOU\S TH=S A)OXLHSI/AS. EI)=EN D' A)\N AI( A)RETAI\ TH=S EU)DAIMONI/AS A)PERGA-STIKAI/. @1 Ϗ&Plutarch, &3De Comm. Notit. Adv. Stoic. &`1065 A [1pp. 702 and 704$]1 *)/ACION D' A)NALABEI=N TO\ DO/GMA TAI=S E)KEI/NOU [1&sc.$ *XRUSI/PPOU]1 LE/CESIN, I(/NA KAI\ MA/QH|S PWS OI( TOU= *CENOKRA/TOUS KAI\ *SPEUSI/PPOU KATHGOROU=NTES E)PI\ TW=| MH\ TH\N U(GI/EIAN A)DIA/FORON H(GEI=SQAI MHDE\ TO\N PLOU=TON A)NWFELE\S E)N TI/NI TO/PW| TH\N KAKI/AN AU)TOI\ TI/QENTAI KAI\ TI/NAS LO/GOUS PERI\ AU)TH=S DIECI/ASIN. &Aristotle, &3Eth. Nicom. &`1153 B 1_7$ *)ALLA\ MH\N O(/TI KAI\ H( LU/PH KAKO/N, O(MOLOGEI=TAI, KAI\ FEUKTO/N: H(\ ME\N GA\R A(PLW=S KAKO/N, H(\ DE\ TW=| PH=| E)MPODISTIKH/. TW=| DE\ FEUKTW=| TO\ E)NANTI/ON H(=| FEUKTO/N TI KAI\ KAKO/N, A)GAQO/N. A)NA/GKH OU)=N TH\N H(DONH\N A)GAQO/N TI EI)=NAI. W(S GA\R *SPEU/SIPPOS E)/LUEN, OU) SUMBAI/NEI H( LU/SIS, W(/SPER TO\ MEI=ZON TW=| E)LA/TTONI KAI\ TW=| I)/SW| E)NANTI/ON: OU) GA\R A)\N FAI/H O(/PER KAKO/N TI EI)=NAI TH\N H(DONH/N. &Aspasius, &3In Eth. Nic., &p. 150, 3_8 and 19_26 [1on 1153 B 1 ff.$]1 *SPEU/SIPPON DE/ FASIN OU(/TW DEIKNU/EIN O(/TI H(DONH\ A)GAQO/N E)STIN: TO\ E)NAN-TI/ON A)GAQW=| KAKO/N: E)NANTI/ON DE\ H( LU/PH, KAKO\N OU)=SA, TH=| H(DONH=|: A)GAQO\N A)/RA. O( DE\ *)ARISTOTE/LHS OU)X OU(/TWS TO\N LO/GON H)RW/THKEN, A)LL' E)PHNWRQW/-SATO EI)PW/N: TO\ E)NANTI/ON FEUKTW=| H(=| FEUKTO\N A)GAQO/N: H( DE\ H(DONH\ E)NANTI/ON TH=| LU/PH| FEUKTW=| OU)/SH| KAI\ OU)K E)/STI KAKO/N [1OU)DEI\S GA\R [2A)\N]2 EI)/POI KAKO\N TH\N H(DONH/N]1: A)GAQO\N A)/RA. KTL. [&Heliodorus], &3In Eth. Nic., &p. 158, 20_30 [1on 1153 B 1 ff.$]1 *FANERO\N O(/TI A)NA/GKH PA=SA TO\ E)NANTI/ON TH=| LU/PH| TH\N H(DONH/N, TH\N ME\N A(PLW=S FEUKTH\N EI)=NAI, TH\N DE\ PH/: A)NA/GKH GA\R TW=| A(PLW=S KAKW=| A(PLW=S A)GAQO\N EI)=NAI E)NANTI/ON, KAI\ TW=| PH\ KAKW=| TO\ PH\ A)GAQO/N: OU) GA\R H( *SPEUS-I/PPOU LU/SIS, KAQ' H(\N E)NISTA/MENOS LU/EIN E)PIXEIREI= TO/NDE TO\N LO/GON, SUMBAI/NEI TH=| A)LHQEI/A|. FHSI\ GA/R, O(/TI KAQA/PER TO\ MEI=ZON KAI\ TO\ E)/LATTON E)NANTI/A E)STI\ TW=| I)/SW| KAI\ E)PI\ TW=N A)RETW=N TA\ PAR' E(KA/TERA E)NANTI/A, TO\N AU)TO\N DH\ TRO/PON KAI\ TH=| A)LUPI/A| A)NTI/KEITAI H( H(DONH\ KAI\ LU/PH, H( ME\N W(S MEI=ZON, H( DE\ LU/PH W(S E)/LATTON, KAI\ E)/STIN H( ME\N A)LUPI/A A)GAQO/N, H( DE\ @1 H(DONH\ KAI\ H( LU/PH KAKO/N: OU(=TOS GA\R O( LO/GOS PANTELW=S A)/DOCO/S E)STIN: OU)DENI\ GA\R H( H(DONH\ KAKO\N DOKEI=: OU)DEI\S GA\R A)\N FAI/H TH\N H(DONH\N AU)TH/N, O(/PER E)STI\ KAKO\N EI)=NAI. &Anonymous, &3In Eth. Nic., &pp. 452, 26_453, 2 [1on 1153 B 1 ff.$]1 *EI) OU)=N H( LU/PH KAKO\N KAI\ FEUKTO/N, TW=| DE\ FEUKTW=| KAQO\ FEUKTO/N E)STIN KAI\ KAKO/N, E)NANTI/ON E)STI\N TO\ A)GAQO/N, LEI/PETAI A)/RA TH\N H(DONH\N A)GAQO\N EI)=NAI. E)PI\ GA\R TW=N A)ME/SWN E)NANTI/WN E)A\N QA/TERON TO\ TW=N E)NANTI/WN KAKO/N E)STIN, QA/TERON E)/STAI A)GAQO/N. E)NDE/XETAI GA\R EI)=NAI KAI\ KAKO/N, OI(=ON A)N-DREI/A DEILI/A KAI\ QRASU/THS. A)NTI/KEITAI GA\R TH=| DEILI/A| KAI\ H( A)NDREI/A KAI\ H( QRASU/THS. E)/NSTASIS TOU= *SPEUSI/PPOU. E)/LEGEN O( *SPEU/SIPPOS O(/TI W(S TO\ MEI=ZON A)NTI/KEITAI TW=| E)LA/TTONI KAI\ TW=| I)/SW|, KAI\ TA\ ME\N A)/KRA, H)/TOI TO\ MEI=ZON KAI\ TO\ E)/LATTON, E)STI\N KAKA/, TO\ DE\ ME/SON, H)/TOI TO\ I)/SON, A)GAQO/N E)STIN, OU(/TWS KAI\ H( H(DONH\ A)NTI/KEITAI TH=| A)LUPI/A| KAI\ TH=| LU/PH|, KAI\ TA\ ME\N A)/KRA, H)/TOI H( LU/PH KAI\ H( H(DONH/, EI)SI\ KAKA/, TO\ DE\ ME/SON, H)/TOI H( A)LUPI/A, A)GAQO/N E)STIN. W(S GA\R O( *SPEU/SIPPOS E)/LUEN, O(/TI KAI\ H( H(DONH\ KAI\ H( LU/PH KAKO/N E)STIN, H( DE\ A)LUPI/A A)GAQO/N, OU) SUMBAI/NEI H( LU/SIS, O(/TI OU)X W(MOLO/GH-TAI TOU=TO PA=SI. PA/NTES GA\R O(MOLOGOU=SI TH\N H(DONH\N A)GAQO\N EI)=NAI, KAI\ OU)DEI\S A)\N FAI/H TH\N H(DONH\N EI)=NAI O(/PER KAKO/N, H)/TOI W(S E)N GE/NEI A)NA/GESQAI TW=| KAKW=|, KAI\ EI)=DOS TOU= KAKOU= TH\N H(DONH\N EI)=NAI, H)/TOI EI)=NAI KAKO\N TH\N H(DONH\N OU)DEI\S O(MOLOGEI=. &Scholion in &3Cod. Paris. Graec. &`1854 on &3Eth. Nic. &`1153 B 5 ff. %6 &Cramer, &3Anec. Paris., &I, p. 219, 16_21$ *(O *SPEU/SIPPOS E)/LEGE TH\N LU/PHN KAI\ TH\N H(DONH\N E)NANTI/A KAKA\ EI)=NAI: ME/SON DE\ KATA/STHMA TH\N A)LUPI/AN: E)LE/GXETAI DE\ KAKW=S LE/GWN: OU) GA\R PA=SA EU(RI/SKETAI H(DONH\ FAU/LH, A)LL' EI)SI\ KAI\ H(DONAI\ A)GAQAI/, OI(=ON AI( TW=N SWFRO/NWN: OU)DE\ PANTAXOU=: H)\ PA/NTA E)/MMESA/ EI)SI: I(/NA TH=| FUGH=| TW=N A)/KRWN TO\ ME/SON PROKRI/NWMEN. &Aristotle, &3Eth. Nic. &`1173 A 5_28$ *OU)K E)/OIKE DE\ OU)DE\ PERI\ TOU= E)NANTI/OU KALW=S LE/GESQAI. OU) GA/R FASIN, EI) H( LU/PH KAKO/N E)STI, TH\N H(DONH\N A)GAQO\N EI)=NAI: A)NTIKEI=SQAI GA\R KAI\ KAKO\N KAKW=| KAI\ A)/MFW TW=| MHDETE/RW|_LE/GONTES TAU=TA OU) KAKW=S, OU) MH\N E)PI/ GE TW=N EI)RHME/NWN A)LHQEU/ONTES. A)MFOI=N GA\R O)/NTOIN [2TW=N]2 KAKW=N KAI\ FEUKTA\ E)/DEI A)/MFW EI)=NAI, TW=N MHDETE/RWN DE\ MHDE/TERON H)\ O(MOI/WS: NU=N DE\ FAI/NONTAI TH\N ME\N FEU/GONTES W(S KAKO/N, TH\N D' AI(ROU/MENOI W(S A)GAQO/N: OU(/TW DH\ KAI\ A)NTI/KEITAI. OU) MH\N OU)D' EI) MH\ TW=N POIOTH/TWN @1 E)STI\N H( H(DONH/, DIA\ TOU=T' OU)DE\ TW=N A)GAQW=N: OU)DE\ GA\R AI( TH=S A)RETH=S E)NE/RGEIAI POIO/THTE/S EI)SIN, OU)D' H( EU)DAIMONI/A. LE/GOUSI DE\ TO\ ME\N A)GAQO\N W(RI/SQAI, TH\N D' H(DONH\N A)O/RISTON EI)=NAI, O(/TI DE/XETAI TO\ MA=LLON KAI\ TO\ H(=TTON. EI) ME\N OU)=N E)K TOU= H(/DESQAI TOU=TO KRI/NOUSI, KAI\ PERI\ TH\N DIKAIOSU/-NHN KAI\ TA\S A)/LLAS A)RETA/S, KAQ' A(\S E)NARGW=S FASI\ MA=LLON KAI\ H(=TTON TOU\S POIOU\S U(PA/RXEIN KAI\ [2PRA/TTEIN]2 KATA\ TA\S A)RETA/S, E)/STAI TAU)TA/: DI/KAIOI GA/R EI)SI MA=LLON KAI\ A)NDREI=OI, E)/STI DE\ KAI\ DIKAIOPRAGEI=N KAI\ SWFRONEI=N MA=LLON KAI\ H(=TTON. EI) DE\ TAI=S H(DONAI=S, MH/ POT' OU) LE/GOUSI TO\ AI)/TION, A)\N W)=SIN AI(\ ME\N A)MIGEI=S AI(\ DE\ MIKTAI/. KAI\ TI/ KWLU/EI, KAQA/PER U(GI/EIA W(RI-SME/NH OU)=SA DE/XETAI TO\ MA=LLON KAI\ TO\ H(=TTON, OU(/TW KAI\ TH\N H(DONH/N; OU) GA\R H( AU)TH\ SUMMETRI/A E)N PA=SI/N E)STIN, OU)D' E)N TW=| AU)TW=| MI/A TIS A)EI/, A)LL' A)NIEME/NH DIAME/NEI E(/WS TINO/S, KAI\ DIAFE/REI TW=| MA=LLON KAI\ H(=TTON. TOIOU=TON DH\ KAI\ TO\ PERI\ TH\N H(DONH\N E)NDE/XETAI EI)=NAI. &Michael Ephesius, &3In Eth. Nic., &pp. 538, 35_539, 19 [1on 1173 &A 5 ff.$]1 *(O E)K TOU= E)NANTI/OU SUNISTW=N TH\N H(DONH\N A)GAQO\N LO/GOS TOIOU=TOS H)=N: EI) H( LU/PH E)NANTI/ON OU)=SA TH=| H(DONH=| KAKO/N E)STIN, A)GAQO\N A)/RA H( H(DONH/. PO/QEN D' O(/TI H( LU/PH KAKO/N; E)K TOU= PA/NTAS FEU/GEIN AU)TH/N. PRO\S TOU=TON TO\N LO/GON TO\N E)K TOU= E)NANTI/OU SUNISTW=NTA TH\N H(DONH\N A)GAQO\N E)NI/STATO O( *SPEU/SIPPOS LE/GWN: "3OU)K A)NA/GKH, E)PEIDH\ KAKO/N E)STIN H( LU/PH, A)GAQO\N EI)=NAI TH\N A)NTIKEIME/NHN AU)TH=| H(DONH/N"3: OU) GA\R PA=N TO\ A)NTIKEI/MENON KAKW=| A)GAQO/N E)STIN. A)NTI/KEITAI GA\R TH=| QRASU/THTI KAKW=| O)/NTI H( DEILI/A KAI\ OU)K E)/STIN A)GAQO\N H( DEILI/A A)LLA\ KAKO/N, KAI\ TH=| H)LIQIO/THTI KAKH=| OU)/SH| A)NTI/KEI-TAI H( A)KOLASI/A KAKO\N OU)=SA KAI\ AU(/TH O(MOI/WS, KAI\ H( A)NELEUQERIO/THS TH=| A)SWTI/A| KAKAI\ OU)=SAI A)MFO/TERAI. A)NTI/KEITAI OU)=N, FHSI\ *SPEU/SIPPOS, KAI\ KAKO\N KAKW=| KAI\ A)/MFW TW=| MHDETE/RW|, TOUTE/STI KAI\ A)/MFW TA\ KAKA\ TW=| A)GAQW=|. MHDE/TERON GA\R TO\ A)GAQO\N EI)=PEN: AI( GA\R A)RETAI\ MESO/THTES OU)=SAI OU)DE/TERON TW=N A)/KRWN EI)SI/N. H( GA\R A)NDREI/A OU)/TE DEILI/A OU)/TE QRASU/THS E)STI/, KAI\ H( SWFROSU/NH OU)/TE A)KOLASI/A OU)/TE H)LIQIO/THS, KAI\ E)PI\ TW=N A)/LLWN A)RETW=N O(MOI/WS. KAI\ LE/GEI TAU=TA KALW=S: A)LHQE\S GA/R E)STI TO\ LE/GEIN, O(/TI ∐A)NTI/KEITAI KAKO\N KAKW=| KAI\ A)MFO/TERA TA\ KAKA\ TW=| A)GAQW=|. TOU=TO ME\N OU)=N LE/GOUSI KALW=S: TO\ D' O(/TI H( H(DONH\ W(S KAKO\N KAKW=| A)NTI/KEITAI TH=| LU/PH| LE/GOUSIN OU) KALW=S. OU) GA\R A)NTI/KEITAI H( H(DONH\ TH=| LU/PH| W(S KAKO\N KAKW=| @1 A)LL' W(S A)GAQO\N KAKW=|. EI) GA\R H)=N KAKO\N H( H(DONH/, H)=N KAI\ FEUKTO\N KAI\ MISHTO\N W(S H( LU/PH. NU=N DE\ TH\N ME\N LU/PHN FEU/GEI PA/NTA KAI\ A)POSTRE/FETAI W(S KAKO/N, DIW/KEI DE\ KAI\ E)PITRE/XEI TH\N H(DONH\N W(S A)GAQO/N. ҏ&Aristotle, &3Anal. Post. &`92 A 20_27$ *KA)\N E)C U(POQE/SEWS DE\ DEIKNU/H|, OI(=ON EI) TO\ KAKW=| E)STI\ TO\ DIAIRETW=| EI)=NAI, TO\ D' E)NANTI/W| TO\ TW=| E)NANTI/W| [2E)NANTI/W|]2 EI)=NAI, O(/SOIS E)/STI TI E)NANTI/ON: TO\ D' A)GAQO\N TW=| KAKW=| E)NANTI/ON KAI\ TO\ A)DIAI/RETON TW=| DIAIRETW=|: E)/STIN A)/RA TO\ A)GAQW=| EI)=NAI TO\ A)DIAIRE/TW| EI)=NAI. KAI\ GA\R E)NTAU=QA LABW\N TO\ TI/ H)=N EI)=NAI DEI/KNUSI: LAMBA/NEI D' EI)S TO\ DEI=CAI TO\ TI/ H)=N EI)=NAI. "3E(/TERON ME/NTOI"3. E)/STW: KAI\ GA\R E)N TAI=S A)PODEI/CESIN, O(/TI E)STI\ TO/DE KATA\ TOU=DE: A)LLA\ MH\ AU)TO/, MHDE\ OU(= O( AU)TO\S LO/GOS, KAI\ A)NTISTRE/FEI. &Theophrastus, &3Metaphysics &`11 A 18_26$ *TO\ D' O(/LON SPA/NIO/N TI KAI\ E)N O)LI/GOIS TO\ A)GAQO/N, POLU\ DE\ PLH=QOS EI)=NAI TO\ KAKO/N, OU)K E)N A)ORISTI/A| DE\ MO/NON KAI\ OI(=ON U(/LHS EI)/DEI, KAQA/ PER TA\ TH=S FU/SEWS, A)MAQESTA/TOU. EI)KH=| GA\R OI( PERI\ TH=S O(/LHS OU)SI/AS LE/GONTES W(/SPER *SPEU/SIPPOS SPA/NIO/N TI TO\ TI/MION POIEI= TO\ PERI\ TH\N TOU= ME/SOU XW/RAN, TA\ D' A)/KRA KAI\ E(KATE/RWQEN. TA\ ME\N OU)=N O)/NTA KALW=S E)/TUXEN O)/NTA. @1 Տ&Macrobius, &3Saturnalia &I, 17, 7_8 &Apollinis nomen multiplici interpretatione ad solem refertur, &cuius rei ordinem pergam. Plato solem$ *)APO/LLWNA &cognominatum &scribit$ A)PO\ TOU= A)POPA/LLEIN TA\S A)KTI=NAS, &id est a iactu radiorum; &Chrysippus Apollinem,$ W(S OU)XI\ TW=N POLLW=N KAI\ FAU/LWN OU)SIW=N TOU= PURO\S O)/NTA, &primam enim nominis litteram retinere significationem &negandi,$ H)\ O(/TI MO/NOS E)STI\ KAI\ OU)XI\ POLLOI/, &nam et Latinitas eum, &quia tantam claritudinem solus obtinuit, solem vocavit. Speusippus, &quod ex multis ignibus constet vis eius$ W(S A)PO\ POLLW=N OU)SIW=N PURO\S AU)TOU= SUNESTW=TOS, &Cleanthes etc. &3Acad. Index Hercul. &col. VI, 34_38 %6 T 2, 7_11$ @@*TA/SDE QEAI=SI QEA\S *XA/RITAS *MOU/SAIS A)NE/QHKEN @@@*SPEU/SIPPOS LOGI/WN EI(/NEKA DW=RA TELW=N. &Diogenes Laertius III, 44 [1I, pp. 139, 24_140, 2]1; Anthol. Pal. VII, &`61; Anthol. Plan. III&4a &`28, 2 f. 42r$ @@*GAI=A ME\N E)N KO/LPW| KRU/PTEI TO/DE SW=MA *PLA/TWNOS @@@YUXH\ D' A)QA/NATON TA/CIN E)/XEI MAKA/RWN @@UI(OU= *)ARI/STWNOS, TO/N TIS KAI\ THLO/QI NAI/WN @@@TIMA=| A)NH\R A)GAQO\S QEI=ON I)DO/NTA BI/ON. &Anthol. Plan. III&4b &`26, 7 f. 96v %6 Anthol. Graec., Suppl. Plan., &XVI, 31; E 56; Ir. 105$ @@@*SPEUSI/PPOU @@*SW=MA ME\N E)N KO/LPOIS KATE/XEI TO/DE GAI=A *PLA/TWNOS @@@YUXH\ D' I)SO/QEON TA/CIN E)/XEI MAKA/RWN. @1