Љ{1*I*W*A*N*N*O*U *T*O*U *D*O*C*A*P*A*T*R*H *R*H*T*O*R*I*K*A*I *O*M*I*L*I*A*I *E*I*S *T*A *T*O*U *A*F*Q*O*N*I*O*U *P*R*O*G*U*M*N*A*S*M*A*T*A}1 @*TOI=S E)K POIHTIKW=N MAQHMA/TWN KAI\ TH=S E)KEI=QEN TE-RATOLOGI/AS E)PI\ TO\ TH=S R(HTORIKH=S H(/KOUSIN A)/RTI ME/GA MUSTH/RION KAI\ TH=S E)NTEU=QEN E)PIPNOI/AS KAI\ MEGALONOI/AS E)MFORHQH=NAI QE/LOUSIN OU)K O)LI/GON ME\N TO\ QA/MBOS OU)DE\ TH\N E)/KPLHCIN A)GENNH= TW=N QAUMASI/WN AU)TH=S A(PTOME/NOIS PROQU/RWN E)NEI=NAI EI)KO/S: TW=| GA\R MEGE/QEI TH=S A)KOH=S KAI\ @1 TW=| E)CAISI/W| TH=S FH/MHS TOU= PRA/GMATOS THLIKOU=TON AU)-TOI=S E)GGI/NESQAI TO\N QO/RUBON EU)/LOGON, KAI\ TO\N PO/QON DE\ KAI\ TH\N SPOUDH\N OU)DE\N H(=TTON TOU= QA/MBOUS TOI=S GE TA\S YUXA\S GENNAIOTE/ROIS AU)TW=N A)NAGKAI=ON E)NTI/KTESQAI: O(/SON GA\R DUSXERH= KAI\ A)/LLWS DUSKATO/RQWTON TH\N PRA-GMATEI/AN EI)=NAI PUNQA/NONTAI, TOSOU=TON AU)TOI\ SPOUDAIO/TE-RON E(AUTOU\S SUGKROTOU=SI KAI\ A)SFALE/STERON EU)TREPI/ZON-TAI, W(S A)\N TA\ TOI=S POLLOI=S DU/SLHPTA KAI\ DUSQEW/RHTA KATORQW/SANTES PERIFANEI=S E)N LO/GOIS KAI\ PERIBO/HTOI GE/-NWNTAI. A)ME/LEI TOI KAI\ PRO\S A(\ TH\N A)RXH\N AU)TOI\ A)PAN-TW=SI, TAU=TA DE/ EI)SI TA\ PROGUMNA/SMATA, POLLAI\ FRONTI/DES E)CHGH/SEWN KAI\ SXOLIKAI\ ME/RIMNAI TOI=S PRO\ H(MW=N SO-FOI=S TE A(/MA KAI\ FILANQRW/POIS U(PA/RCASI KATEBLH/QHSAN, TO/ TE POLU\ TH=S TW=| SUGGRA/MMATI TOU/TW| E)NEI=NAI DOKOU/-SHS DUSKOLI/AS DIALU/OUSAI KAI\ TO\ TW=N NE/WN E)PIMELE\S E)PIRRWNNU/OUSAI KAI\ TH\N PROQUMI/AN KRATU/NOUSAI, W(S A)\N MH/TE PRO\S TO\ PLH=QOS TW=N A)GNOOUME/NWN A)RTIPAGEI=S O)/NTES A)PONARKH/SWSIN, KAI\ PROSE/TI MH\ PAXUME/TRWS A(PLW=S E)KLAMBA/NWSI TA\ LEGO/MENA, A)LLA\ KAI\ TOU= FAINO-ME/NOU E)QI/ZWNTAI NOEI=N TI BAQU/TERON, TH=| LEPTO/THTI TH=S E(RMHNEI/AS PRO\S TOU=TO DIEGEIRO/MENOI. THLIKAU/THS TOI/NUN SPOUDH=S TOI=S PRO\ H(MW=N GEGENHME/NHS PERI\ TH\N TOU= PRO-KEIME/NOU BIBLI/OU E)CH/GHSIN, DEDOIKW\S AU)TO/S, MH\ AU)QA/DHS TIS KAI\ QRASU\S EI)=NAI DO/CW KAI\ TOU= DE/ONTOS A)NEPAI/SQH-TOS, O(/PER SOFOI\ KAI\ E)LLO/GIMOI E)/FQASAN E)CHGH/SASQAI, @1 TOU=TO KAI\ AU)TO\S U(POMNHMATI/ZEIN PEIRW/MENOS, W(/SPER OU)K E)CARKOUSW=N W(=N E)KEI=NOI EI)S AU)TO\ KATEBA/LLONTO E)CHGH/SEWN, TH\N AI)TI/AN EI)PEI=N TOU= TOLMH/MATOS E)/KRINA DEI=N, LOGIZO/-MENOS W(S, A)\N AU(/TH EU)/LOGOS FANH=| KAI\ EU)PRO/SWPOS, TOU= DOKOU=NTOS AU)TO\S A)POLUQH/SOMAI A(MARTH/MATOS. E)GW\ GA\R E)NE/TUXON ME\N POLLOI=S KAI\ A)/LLOIS BIBLI/OIS SUMBALLO-ME/NOIS PRO\S TA\ TH=S R(HTORIKH=S PROGUMNA/SMATA, TOI=S ME\N E)CHGHTIKOI=S, TOI=S DE\ KAI\ MEQO/DOUS I)DI/AS PROI+SXO-ME/NOIS, FILOPONW/TERON DE\ KAI\ W(S OI(=O/N TE H)=N E)PIMELE/-STERON TOI=S TOU= *)AFQONI/OU *PROGUMNA/SMASI KAI\ TOI=S EI)S AU)TA\ GEGENHME/NOIS PARHKOLOU/QHSA U(POMNH/MASIN, W(=N KAI\ OU)K O)LI/GA AU)TAI=S A)PEGRAYA/MHN TAI=S LE/CESI. BOU-LO/MENOS OU)=N TH/N TE GNW=SIN TW=N TOIOU/TWN E)K TH=S A)PO-GRAFH=S A)KRIBESTE/RAN E)SXHKE/NAI KAI\ TH\N TOU= SUGGRA/M-MATOS E(/CIN TELEWTE/RAN E)K TH=S PONIKWTE/RAS E)REU/NHS TW=N A(RMOZOUSW=N E(KA/STH| SXEDO\N LE/CEI TW=N E)N AU)TW=| E)CHGH/-SEWN E)PI\ TH\N PAROU=SAN E)CH/GHSIN W(/RMHSA. EI) DE/ TI KAI\ AU)TO\S W)FELEI/AS A)/CION H)DUNH/QHN PROSEPINOH=SAI, XA/RIS E)KEI/NOIS E)/STW TOI=S TH\N A)RXH\N H(MA=S O(DHGH/SASI KAI\ PRO\S E)/NNOIAN TW=N TOIOU/TWN XEIRAGWGH/SASIN. [XA/RIS OU)=N ME-GI/STH KAI\ PAR' H(MW=N O(MOLOGHQH/SETAI TW=| QEW=|, EI) KAI\ AU)TOI\ A)/CIO/N TI TH=S PROKEIME/NHS PRAGMATEI/AS KAI\ TW=N TAU/THN METIO/NTWN E)CEUREI=N DUNHQEI/HMEN.] @1 @*)ALL' E)PEIDH\ TE/SSARE/S EI)SIN AI( A)NWTA/TW ZHTH/SEIS, FHMI\ DH\ TO\ EI) E)/STI, TO\ TI/ E)STI, TO\ O(POI=O/N TI/ E)STI KAI\ TO\ DIA\ TI/ E)STIN, E)C W(=N AI( ME\N DU/O, H(/ TE TO\ TI/ E)STI ZHTOU=SA KAI\ H( TO\ DIA\ TI/ E)STIN, E)N PA=SI ZHTEI=SQAI EI)W/QASI PLH\N TW=N O(MOLOGOUME/NWN A)NUPA/RKTWN_E)N E)KEI/NOIS GA\R OU)-DEMI/A ZHTEI=TAI_, AI( DE\ LEIPO/MENAI E(/TERAI OU)K E)N PA=SIN A)LL' E)N TISI/, FE/RE PRO\ TW=N A)/LLWN A(PA/NTWN KAI\ E)PI\ TH=S R(HTORIKH=S, H(=S ME/ROS KAI\ TO\ PARO\N BIBLI/ON, TA\S TOIAU/TAS ZHTH/SEIS ZHTH/SWMEN KAI\ EI) MH\ PA=SAI E)MPI/-PTOUSIN E)NTAU=QA A)LL' E)/NIAI A)KRIBE/STERON E)CETA/SWMEN. *)ALLA\ PRO\ TOU/TOU SKOPH/SWMEN, TI/NA ME/N EI)SIN, E)F' W(=N AI( PA=SAI ZHTOU=NTAI ZHTH/SEIS, TI/NA DE/, E)F' W(=N OU) PA=SAI A)LL' E)/NIAI. @*)EPEIDH\ TOI/NUN PA=N EI)S ZH/THSIN PROBALLO/MENON H)\ TW=N A)NUPA/RKTWN E)STI\N W(S TA\ E)N YILH=| E)PINOI/A| [OI(=ON TRAGE/-LAFOS, I(PPOKE/NTAUROS] H)\ TW=N NOMIZOME/NWN E)/XEIN U(/PARCIN W(S OI( A)NTI/PODES, H( I)=RIS KAI\ TA\ E)N TW=| A)E/RI SW/MATA [OI(=ON PARH/LIOI], KAI\ EI) TOU/TWN, H)\ TW=N A)MFIBALLOME/NHN H)\ TW=N A)NAMFI/BOLON TAU/THN E)XO/NTWN, E)PI\ ME\N TW=N O(MOLO-GOUME/NWN A)NUPA/RKTWN OU)DEMI/AN A)NA/GKH GI/NESQAI ZH/-THSIN: E)PI\ DE\ TW=N U(PA/RXEIN NOMIZOME/NWN E)PI\ ME\N TW=N A)NAMFIBO/LWN, W(S A)/NQRWPOS, LI/QOS, A(/TINA FANERW=S @1 U(FESTH/KASI, TO\ ME\N EI) E)/STIN OU) ZHTEI=TAI A(/TE DH\ PA=SI DH/LHS TH=S TOU/TWN OU)/SHS U(PA/RCEWS, TA\ DE\ LOIPA\ ZHTEI=-TAI, EI) MH\ TO\ TI/ E)STI DI' O(RISMOU= A)LLA\ DI' O)NO/MATOS MO/-NOU A)PODOQH/SETAI: EI) GA\R DI' O(RISMOU=, SUNEKLEI/PEI KAI\ TO\ O(POI=O/N TI/ E)STI DIA\ TO\ TOI=S O(/ROIS SUNANAFAI/NESQAI KAI\ TA\S E)N TW=| O(POI=O/N TI/ E)STI LEGOME/NAS DIAFORA/S: E)PI\ DE\ TW=N A)MFIBALLOME/NHN LAXO/NTWN TH\N U(/PARCIN KAI\ TO\ EI) E)/STI KAI\ TA\ LOIPA\ ZHTEI=TAI, EI) TO\ TI/ E)STI KA)NTAU=QA DI' O)NO/-MATOS KAI\ MH\ DI' O(RISMOU= A)PODI/DOTAI. *)EPI\ TOI/NUN TH=S R(HTORIKH=S TO\ EI) E)/STI ZHTEI=SQAI OU)K EU)/LOGON H)=N A(/TE DH\ O(MOLOGOUME/NHN KAI\ A)NAMFI/LEKTON LAXOU/SHS TH\N U(/PARCIN. A)LL' E)PEIDH/ TINES KAI\ PERI\ AU)TH=S A)MFIBA/LLOU-SIN, OI(\ KAI\ DIA\ PARALOGISMW=N TINWN A)PALLA/CAI TAU/THN KAI\ A)PALEI=YAI TW=N O)/NTWN SPOUDA/ZOUSI, FE/RE TOU\S E)KEI/-NWN LO/GOUS PROQE/NTES TA\ E)N AU)TOI=S SOFI/SMATA DIELE/GCW-MEN. @*TINE\S ME\N OU)=N AU)TW=N TH\N U(/PARCIN TH=S R(HTORIKH=S A)NAIROU=NTES "3H)=N"3, FASI/N, "3H( R(HTORIKH\ O(/TE OU)K H)=N: EI) DE\ OU)K H)=N, OU)DE\ GE/GONEN, E)PEI\ OU)DE\N E)K TW=N MH\ O)/NTWN O(/SA GE KATA\ A)NQRW/POUS GI/NETAI: MO/NOU GA\R QEOU= H( TW=N O)/NTWN E)K TW=N MH\ O)/NTWN PARAGWGH/ TE KAI\ GE/NESIS"3. KAI\ O( ME\N TW=N E)KBALLO/NTWN TOU= EI)=NAI TH\N R(HTORIKH\N LO/GOS @1 TOIOU=TOS: E)CELEGKTE/ON DE\ H)/DH KAI\ TO\ E)NO\N AU)TW=| SO/FISMA. TOU= GA\R O)/NTOS DIPLOU=N TI TO\ SHMAINO/MENON E)/XONTOS KAI\ PH\| ME\N TO\ E)NERGEI/A|, PH\| DE\ TO\ DUNA/MEI SHMAI/NONTOS, EI) ME\N E)PI\ TOU= E)NERGEI/A| TIS KA)NTAU=QA TO\ "3OU)K H)=N"3 PARALH/-YETAI KAI\ PARA\ TOU=TO AU)TH\N TOU= EI)=NAI E)KBA/LLEI TO\ EI)=NAI/ TINA XRO/NON, O(/TE OU)/PW H)=N H( R(HTORIKH/, OU) MO/NON AU)TH\N TH\N R(HTORIKH\N A)LLA\ KAI\ TA\S A)/LLAS A(PA/SAS A)NAI-RH/SEI TE/XNAS KAI\ E)PISTH/MAS: PA=SAI GA\R KATA\ DU/NAMIN OU)=SAI TO\ PRW=TON GEGO/NASI KAI\ KAT' E)NE/RGEIAN U(/STERON KAI\ PA=SAI E)K TW=N MH\ O)/NTWN GEGO/NASIN. EI) DE\ E)PI\ TOU= DUNA/MEI, E)LEGXQH/SETAI YEUDO/MENOS E)K TOU= EI)S E)NE/RGEIAN TH\N R(HTORIKH\N PROXWRH=SAI: EI) GA\R H)=N, O(/TE OU)K H)=N H( R(HTORIKH\ DUNA/MEI, OU)K A)/N POTE EI)S E)NE/RGEIAN PROEXW/-RHSE: TO\ GA\R MH\ O)\N DUNA/MEI OU)D' A)\N EI)S E)NE/RGEIA/N POTE PROXWRH/SEIEN: O(RA=TAI DE\ PROXWRH/SASA. [E)PI\ TOI/NUN TH=S R(HTORIKH=S TO\ ME\N EI) E)/STI ZHTEI=SQAI OU)K EU)/LOGON A(/TE DH\ O(MOLOGOUME/NHN KAI\ A)NAMFI/LEKTON LAXOU/SHS TH\N U(/PARCIN, TA\ DE\ LOIPA\ ZHTHQH/SETAI. O(/TI DE\ O(MOLOGOU-ME/NHN AU(/TH TH\N U(/PARCIN E)KLHRW/SATO, E)KEI=QE/N E)STI FANERO/N:] EI) GA\R TH=S R(HTORIKH=S E)/RGA LE/GETAI EI)=NAI TO\ E)PI\ ME\N TA\ KALA\ PROTRE/PEIN, TW=N DE\ KAKW=N A)POTRE/-PEIN, KAI\ TO\ TW=N ME\N A)DIKOU/NTWN KATHGOREI=N, TW=N DE\ A)DIKOUME/NWN U(PERAPOLOGEI=SQAI, KAI\ TO\ TOU\S ME\N FAU/-LOUS YE/GEIN, TOU\S DE\ A)GAQOU\S A)CIOU=N E)GKWMI/WN, O(RW=-MEN DE\ TAU=TA KAI\ PARA\ TOI=S PALAIOI=S O(/TI MA/LISTA KAI\ PAR' H(MI=N DE\ OU)DE\N H(=TTON TUGXA/NONTA PERISPOU/DASTA, EU)/DHLON O(/TI KAI\ H( R(HTORIKH\ E)NERGEI/A| E)STI\ KAI\ U(FE/STHKEN. @1 [A)/LLWS TE EI) PA/NTA TA\ KATA\ TO\N BI/ON KALA\ E)NU/PARKTA/ E)STIN, E(\N DE/ TI TW=N KALW=N KAI\ H( R(HTORIKH\ TW=| SUMBA/LLE-SQAI H(MI=N KATA\ PA/NTA TO\N BI/ON, A)/RA KAI\ H( R(HTORIKH\ քA)GAQO\N U(PA/RXOUSA TW=N E)NUPA/RKTWN E)STI/: TA\ ME\N GA\R KALA\ PA/NTH| E)NU/PARKTA, TA\ DE\ KAKA\ PA/NTH| A)NU/PARKTA.] W(/STE DITTO\N TOU= O)/NTOS TO\ SHMAINO/MENON E)/XONTOS KAI\ PH\| ME\N TO\ E)NERGEI/A|, PH\| DE\ TO\ DUNA/MEI SHMAI/NONTOS, EI) ME\N E)PI\ TOU= DUNA/MEI TO\ "3OU)K H)=N"3 E)NTAU=QA TE/QEITAI, YEU/DETAI O( LO/GOS O(/S FHSIN "3H)=N O(/TE OU)K H)=N H( R(HTORIKH/"3, EI) DE\ E)PI\ TOU= E)NERGEI/A|, AU)TO\S ME\N A)LHQEU/EI, YEU/DETAI DE\ TO\ E)PAGO/MENON TO\ "3EI) OU)K H)=N, OU)DE\ GE/GONEN"3: OU) GA/R, EI) PA/NTWS H)=N, O(/TE OU)/PW E)NERGEI/A| E)/TI H)=N H( R(HTORIKH/, H)/DH KAI\ TO\ GENE/SQAI AU)TH\N O(/LWS A)DU/NATON: PA=SAI GA\R AI( TE/XNAI KAI\ E)PISTH=MAI KAI\ TA)=LLA DE\ TW=N O)/NTWN OU)/PW E)NERGEI/A| TO\ PRW=TON O)/NTA GEGO/NASIN U(/STERON. *OU(/TW ME\N OU)=N O( PRW=TOS PARALOGISMO\S PROBAI/NEI KAI\ H( TOU= PARA-LOGISMOU= A)NATROPH\ KAI\ O( E)/LEGXOS. @*)/ESTI DE\ KAI\ DEU/TERO/S TIS TOU= PRW/TOU SAQRO/TEROS. FASI\ GA/R TINES PA/LIN O(/TI "3EI) E)/STI R(HTORIKH/, H)\ PERI\ TA\ I)DIKA\ KATAGI/NETAI H)\ PERI\ TA\ KOINA/. KAI\ EI) ME\N PERI\ TA\ I)DIKA\ KATAGI/NETAI, OU)KE/TI PERI\ POLITIKA/: O(RW=MEN GA\R TH\N POLITEI/AN E)K DIAFO/RWN SUNESTHKUI=AN TEXNW=N KAI\ E)PISTHMW=N. EI) DE\ PERI\ TA\ KOINA/, H)\ PERI\ E(\N H)\ PERI\ PA/NTA. KAI\ EI) ME\N PERI\ E(/N, YEU=DOS: OU)K E)/XEI GA/R TIS EI)PEI=N MI/AN TINA\ TE/XNHN H)\ E)PISTH/MHN, PERI\ H(=S O( R(H/TWR A)EI\ DIALH/-YETAI: A)/LLWS TE DE\ EI) KAI\ DW/SOMEN A)LHQE\S EI)=NAI TOU=TO @1 KAI\ PERI\ E(\N AU)TH\N EI)/PWMEN KATAGI/NESQAI, KAI\ OU(/TWS OU) DEKTE/ON AU)TH/N: TE/XNHS GA\R OU)K E)/STI TO\ PERI\ E(\N KATA-GI/NESQAI. EI) DE\ PERI\ PA/NTA, H)\ W(S A)GNOOU=SA H)\ W(S E)PISTA-ME/NH. KAI\ EI) ME\N W(S A)GNOOU=SA, OU) PROSEKTE/ON AU)TH=| TO\ PARATUXO\N FLHNAFOU/SH| KAI\ PERI\ W(=N A)GNOEI= DIALEGO-ME/NH|. EI) DE\ GINW/SKOUSA, TW=| PERITTW=| KAI\ TW=| A)DUNA/TW| E)KBLHQH/SETAI, TW=| ME\N PERITTW=|, O(/TI H)\ AU(/TH PERITTH\ H)\ AI( A)/LLAI TE/XNAI: A)LLA\ MH\N AI( A)/LLAI OU) PERITTAI/, DH=LON DE\ E)C W(=N E)A\N E)KEI=NAI A)NAIREQW=SIN, OU) DUNH/SETAI AU(/TH TA\S E)KEI/NWN H(MA=S MEQO/DOUS DIDA/SKEIN, W(/STE AU)TH\ MA=L-LO/N E)STI PERITTH/: TW=| DE\ A)DUNA/TW|, O(/TI A)DU/NATO/N E)STIN AU)TH\N MI/AN OU)=SAN TA\S TW=N A(PASW=N TEXNW=N KAI\ E)PISTH-MW=N EI)DE/NAI MEQO/DOUS"3. @*OU(/TW TOU/TWN EI)PO/NTWN A)KOLOUQOU=NTES OI( A)NTIKAQ-ISTA/MENOI E(/KASTON SXEDO\N ME/ROS TH=S DIAIRE/SEWS A)PO-DEIKNU/OUSIN A)/XRHSTON. KAI\ PRO\S ME\N TO\ O(/TI H( R(HTORIKH\ H)\ PERI\ TA\ I)DIKA\ KATAGI/NETAI H)\ PERI\ TA\ KOINA\ FASI\ MH\ KALW=S E)NTAU=QA TEQEI=SQAI TO\N DIAZEUKTIKO\N SU/NDESMON W(S TH=S R(HTORIKH=S MH\ DUNAME/NHS PERI\ A)/MFW KATAGI/-NESQAI: I)DOU\ GA/R, FASI/N, EU(RI/SKOMEN TO\N *DHMOSQE/NHN POTE\ ME\N PERI\ I)DIKW=N DIALAMBA/NONTA, POTE\ DE\ PERI\ KOINW=N, POTE\ DE\ PERI\ MIKTW=N: PERI\ KOINW=N ME\N W(S E)N @1 TOI=S *FILIPPIKOI=S, PERI\ I)DIKW=N DE\ W(S E)N TOI=S E)PITROPI-KOI=S, PERI\ MIKTW=N DE\ W(S E)N TW=| *KATA\ *MEIDI/OU: A)MFISBH-TEI=TAI GA\R E)KEI=, EI) I)DIKO\N H)\ DHMO/SION TO\ A)DI/KHMA. DEU/-TERON DE/, O(/TI KAI\ E(KA/TERON SKE/LOS KAKW=S E)/XEI, TO\ ME\N "3EI) KAI\ PERI\ TA\ I)DIKA/, OU)KE/TI PERI\ POLITIKA/"3, KAQO\ TO\ KATAGI/NESQAI PERI\ TA\ I)DIKA\ OU)DE\N E(/TERO/N E)STIN H)\ PERI\ TA\ KOINA/: TA\ GA\R KOINA\ E)K TW=N I)DIKW=N SUNI/STANTAI: TO\ DE\ "3KAI\ EI) PERI\ TA\ KOINA/, H)\ PERI\ E(\N H)\ PERI\ PA/NTA"3, KAQO\ OU)K O)RQW=S A)NTIDIE/STALTAI TW=| E(NI\ TA\ PA/NTA: A)NTI-DIASTOLH\ GA/R E)STI TOU= E(NO\S OU)XI\ TA\ PA/NTA A)LLA\ TA\ POL-LA/: A)/LLWS TE OU)DE\ H( R(HTORIKH\ PERI\ E(\N H)\ PERI\ PA/NTA KATAGI/NETAI A)LLA\ PERI\ POLLA/. @*PRO\S DE\ TO\ O(/TI, EI) PERI\ PA/NTWN DIALAMBA/NEI, H)\ W(S EI)DUI=A H)\ W(S A)GNOOU=SA, KAI\ EI) W(S EI)DUI=A, TW=| PERITTW=| KAI\ TW=| A)DUNA/TW| E)KBLHQH/SETAI, FAME/N, O(/TI E)PI\ PA/SHS TE/XNHS KAI\ E)PISTH/MHS DU/O LO/GOI EI)SI/N, O(\ ME\N PROTRE-PTIKO/S, O(\ DE\ MEQODIKO/S TE KAI\ TEXNIKO/S: TW=| ME\N OU)=N PROTREPTIKW=|, FASI/N, E)N A(PA/SAIS TAI=S E)PISTH/MAIS KE/-XRHTAI H( R(HTORIKH\ PROTRE/POUSA A)NTE/XESQAI AU)TW=N, TW=| DE\ MEQODIKW=| OU) XRH=TAI: KAI\ OU(/TWS OU)/TE PERITTH\ FAI/-NETAI H( R(HTORIKH/, A)LLA\ KAI\ PA/NU A)NAGKAI/A PRO\S TH\N TW=N A)/LLWN TEXNW=N KAI\ E)PISTHMW=N SU/STASIN, EI)/ GE OU)K A)\N A)/LLWS E)PIXEIRH/SEI TIS TAU/TAIS, EI) MH\ PROTROPH/ TIS EI)/H KAI\ SUMBOULH\ PRO\S TH\N E)GXEI/RHSIN DIEGEI/ROUSA: A)LL' OU)DE\ A)DU/NATO/N E)STI TO\ EI)S A(PA/SAS TA\S TE/XNAS KAI\ @1 E)PISTH/MAS TO\ OI)KEI=ON AU)TH\N E)KTEI/NEIN XRH/SIMON. *)ALL' OU(/TW ME\N KAI\ O( DEU/TEROS AU)TW=N A)NATE/TRAPTAI LO/GOS. @*)EPEIDH\ DE\ GENNAI=ON TO\ MH\ MO/NON TA\ TW=N A)NTIPA/LWN A)NATRE/PEIN KAI\ E)CELE/GXEIN, A)LLA\ KAI\ TA\ OI)KEI=A AU)TOI=S A)NTEPA/GEIN, DIA\ POLLW=N TH\N TH=S R(HTORIKH=S U(/PARCIN PARISTA=N PEIRW=NTAI TW=N A)PODEI/CEWN. KAI\ PRW=TON ME/N FASIN, O(/TI TW=N TEXNW=N DIAFORAI/ EI)SI DU/O: AI(\ ME\N GA\R AU)TW=N LOGIKAI/, AI(\ DE\ PRAKTIKAI/: KAI\ PRAKTIKAI\ ME\N POLLAI/, LOGIKAI\ DE\ DU/O, H(/ TE R(HTORIKH\ KAI\ H( DIALEKTIKH/. A)LL' AU(/TH H( A)PO/DEICIS OU) TOSOU=TO/N MOI DOKEI= E)/XEIN TO\ I)SXURO/N: TO\ GA\R ZHTOU/MENON W(S O(MOLOGOU/MENON E)/LABE: ZHTOUME/NOU GA\R EI) E)/STI R(HTORIKH/, W(S E)F' W(MOLOGHME/-NWN AU(/TH PROBAI/NOUSA E)/FH, O(/TI H( R(HTORIKH\ LOGIKH/ E)STI TE/XNH. *)/EPEITA KAI\ TOU=TO/ FASIN O(/TI, EI) PA/NTA TA\ KATA\ TO\N BI/ON KALA\ E)NU/PARKTA/ EI)SIN, E(\N DE/ TI TW=N KA-LW=N KAI\ H( R(HTORIKH\ TW=| SUMBA/LLESQAI H(MI=N KATA\ PA/NTA TO\N BI/ON, A)/RA KAI\ E)NU/PARKTO/S E)STI: TA\ ME\N GA\R KALA\ PA/NTH| E)NU/PARKTA, TA\ DE\ KAKA\ PA/NTH| A)NU/PARKTA. *)EPA/-GOUSI TOU/TOIS KA)KEI=NO, W(S DU/O TAU=TA PERI\ H(MA=S, U(/LH KAI\ TE/XNH: KAI\ TH\N ME\N U(/LHN H( FU/SIS, TH\N DE\ TE/XNHN O( LO/GOS DI/DWSIN. W(S OU)=N EI)SI LI/QOI ME\N KATA\ FU/SIN KAI\ CU/LA, TE/XNAI DE\ PERI\ TAU=TA H(/ TE LIQOCOI+KH\ KAI\ TEKTO-NIKH\ KAI\ O(/SAI A)/LLAI TOIAU=TAI LO/GW| KOSMOU/MENAI_ "6E)GW\ GA/R"6 FHSIN "6OU) KALW= TE/XNHN"6 O( *PLA/TWN, "6O(\ A)\N H)=| A)/LOGON PRA=GMA"6_, OU(/TW PA/NTA DIECELQW\N O( LO/GOS KAI\ E(AUTO\N W(/SPER U(PO\ TE/XNHN A)/GEI. U(PO/KEITAI GOU=N, FASI/, @1 TH=| R(HTORIKH=| O( ME\N LO/GOS KAQA/PER U(/LH O(/ TE PROFORI-KO\S KAI\ O( E)NDIA/QETOS, KOSMEI= DE\ AU)TO\N O( TEXNIKO/S. EI) GOU=N PA=SA U(/LH KOSMOUME/NH LO/GW| KOSMEI=TAI KAI\ DIA-TA/TTETAI, O( DE\ LO/GOS TE/XNH|, KAQO\ KAI\ TO\N TOU=DE TOU= PANTO\S DHMIOURGO\N A)RISTOTE/XNHN FASI\ LO/GW| TH\N U(/LHN KOSMH/SANTA KAI\ TA/CANTA KAI\ EI)DOPOIH/SANTA, PW=S OU)XI\ KAI\ TO\N DI/KHN U(/LHS TO\N LO/GON AU)TO\N KOSMOU=NTA LO/GON TE/XNHN EI)=NAI NOMI/SOMEN; *TOU/TOIS A(/PASI KA)KEI=NO PROS-EPIFE/ROUSIN: H)=N, FASI/, PA/NTWS E)C A)RXH=S TO\ EU)= LE/-GEIN: EI) GA\R EI)/POIMEN W(S OU)K H)=N, SAFH\S DH/POUQE/N E)STI TOU=TO PA/NTWS KATHGORI/A TOU= TO\N LO/GON H(MI=N XARISA-ME/NOU QEOU=, TO\ ME\N LE/GEIN DO/NTOS, TO\ DE\ EU)= MH\ PROSQE/N-TOS: EI) DE\ H)=N LO/GOS, A)/RA PERI\ TO\ LE/GEIN H)=N: O( DE\ LO/GOS TI/ A)/LLO H)\ TE/XNH, XRO/NW| SUGGUMNAZO/MENOS KAI\ QEWRH/-MASI PLHQUNO/MENOS A(/MA KAI\ E)CASKOU/MENOS; @*TINE\S ME/NTOI KAI\ A)PO\ MUQIKH=S TINOS E)CETA/SEWS KAI\ A)PO\ POIHTIKH=S MARTURI/AS KAI\ A)PO\ I(STORI/AS TH\N R(HTORI-KH\N TW=N U(FESTW/TWN A)PODEIKNU/OUSIN: A)PO\ ME\N MUQIKH=S A)PODEI/CEWS LE/GONTES, W(S A)/RTI BOULHQEI\S O( QEO\S TO/NDE TO\N KO/SMON DIAKOSMH=SAI PROSE/TACE TAI=S PERI\ AU)TO\N QEI/AIS DUNA/MESIN, W(S A)\N E(/KASTOS KATA\ TO\ E)PIBA/LLON AU)TW=| ME/ROS EI)S TH\N TOU=DE TOU= PANTO\S GE/NESIN PROSA-GA/GH|: KAI\ A)/LLOS ME/N, FHSI/N, A)/LLO PROSE/FEREN, *(ERMH=S DE\ TH\N R(HTORIKH\N E)XARI/SATO, KAI\ I(/NA TA\ ME\N A)GAQA\ E)PAINW=SIN OI( A)/NQRWPOI, TA\ DE\ KAKA\ DIABA/LLWSI, TO\ @1 PANHGURIKO\N PARADE/DWKEN, I(/NA DE\ PA/LIN TOI=S ME\N LU-SITELOU=SI XRW=NTAI, TW=N D' A)LUSITELESTE/RWN A)PE/XWNTAI, TO\ SUMBOULEUTIKO\N E)PETH/DEUSEN, I(/NA DE\ KAI\ TA\S PRO\S A)LLH/LOUS E)/RIDAS KAI\ KRI/SEIS DIALU/WNTAI, KAI\ TO\ DIKANI-KO\N AU)TOU\S E)PEDI/DACEN. *)EK DE\ TH=S TW=N POIHTW=N MARTU-RI/AS W(S POTE\ ME\N DIKAZOME/NWN TW=N QEW=N PAR' AU)TOI=S KAI\ TW=N A)NQRW/PWN, POTE\ DE\ BOULEUOME/NWN TW=N AU)TW=N ۈTOU/TWN, POTE\ DE\ KAI\ E)PAINOU/NTWN H)\ YEGO/NTWN, KAI\ W(S TOU= TH=S R(HTORIKH=S O)NO/MATOS GNWRI/MOU KAI\ AU)TOI=S U(PA/R-XONTOS: KAI\ GA/R ME, FHSI\N O( *FOI=NIC PAR' *(OMH/RW|, E)/PEMYEN O( *PHLEU\S @"6MU/QWN TE R(HTH=R' E)/MENAI PRHKTH=RA/ TE E)/RGWN"6. PROSE/TI GE MH\N KAI\ W(S MH\ FUSIKH\N MO/NON A)LLA\ KAI\ QEODI/DAKTON TAU/THN NOMIZO/NTWN: E(/TEROS ME\N GA/R, FHSI\N O( TOU= *ME/LHTOS, EI)=DOS A)KIDNO/TEROS, @"6A)LLA/ OI( QEO\S MORFH\N E)/PESI STE/FEI, OI( DE/ T' E)S AU)TO\N @TERPO/MENOI LEU/SSOUSIN, O(\ D' A)SFALE/WS A)GOREU/EI"6. *)EK DE\ TH=S I(STORI/AS, W(S O(/TI PRW=TON E)N *SURRAKOU/SAIS TH=S *SIKELI/AS LE/GETAI A)NQH=SAI TH\N R(HTORIKH/N, EI)=TA KAI\ E)N *)AQH/NAIS, *GORGI/OU E)K *LEONTI/NHS E)NTAU=QA KATA/RANTOS KAI\ TOI=S TW=N *)AQHNAI/WN PARADO/NTOS TH\N TE/XNHN PAISI/N. _ *)ALLA\ KAI\ OU(=TOI OI( LO/GOI TO\ ZHTOU/MENON W(S O(MOLOGOU/-MENON E)OI/KASI LAMBA/NEIN: ZHTOUME/NOU GA/R, EI) E)/STI R(HTO-RIKH/, O( ME\N PRW=TOS TO\ EI)=NAI AU)TH\N DIDOU\S TO\N EU(RETH\N TAU/THS DEI/KNUSIN, O( DE\ DEU/TEROS TO\ EI)=NAI KAI\ AU)TO\S TAU/THN DIDOU\S TO\ E)N TI/SIN E)STI\ KAI\ E(/TERA/ TINA TOIAU=TA @1 PARI/STHSIN, O( DE\ TRI/TOS W(/SPER KATA\ SUGXW/RHSIN KAI\ AU)TO\S TO\ TH\N R(HTORIKH\N EI)=NAI LAMBA/NWN, POU= TE TH\N A)RXH\N H)/NQHSE KAI\ POU= META\ TAU=TA, PARE/DWKE. @*DIA\ TOU/TWN ME\N OU)=N KAI\ TOSOU/TWN A)PODE/DEIKTAI OU)=SA H( R(HTORIKH/. ZHTEI=TAI DE\ KAI/, EI) E)K QEOU= TOI=S A)NQRW/-POIS DE/DOTAI. *(/ELLHNES ME\N OU)=N E)K QEW=N TH\N TAU/THS LE/GONTES GE/NESIN TH=| PROEIRHME/NH| MUQIKH=| MARTURI/A| XRW=N-TAI PRO\S TH\N A)PO/DEICIN: OI( DE\ KAQ' H(MA=S E)K QEOU= TAU/THN TOI=S A)NQRW/POIS DEDO/SQAI LE/GONTES A(/MA ME\N KAI\ SULLO-GISMW=| TINI XRW=NTAI PRO\S TH\N A)PO/DEICIN, KATA\ TO\N TRI/-TON AU)TO\N TRO/PON TOU= PRW/TOU SXH/MATOS PLE/KONTES "3E)K QEOU= E)STI PA/NTA TA\ A)GAQA/, TW=N A)GAQW=N E(/N TI KAI\ H( R(HTORIKH/, E)K QEOU= E)STIN A)/RA H( R(HTORIKH/"3, A(/MA DE\ KA)KEI=NO PROSTIQE/ASIN O(/TI, EI) TO\ LE/GEIN H(MI=N O( QEO\S E)XARI/SATO E)C A)RXH=S, EU)/DHLON, O(/TI KAI\ TO\ EU)= LE/GEIN O( AU)TO\S H(MI=N E)XARI/SATO. TOU=TO DE\ EI) KAI\ A)/LLWN E)STI/N, A)LLA\ KAI\ TH=S R(HTORIKH=S AU)TH=S EI)/H A)\N DH/POUQEN GNW/-RISMA. @*OU(/TW ME\N OU)=N OU) MO/NON OU)=SA A)LLA\ KAI\ E)K QEOU= OU)=SA H( R(HTORIKH\ A)PODE/DEIKTAI. O(/TI DE\ KAI\ E)N QEW=| H( R(HTORIKH/, *(/ELLHNES ME\N KAI\ PA/LIN MUQIKAI=S XRW=NTAI TAI=S A)PO-DEI/CESI, POTE\ ME\N DIKAZOME/NOUS TOU\S E(AUTW=N QEOU\S PAREISA/GONTES, W(S *)/ARHN KAI\ *)AQHNA=N E)N TW=| *)AREI/W| PA/GW| PERI\ TH=S *)ATTIKH=S KAI\ *)/ARHN PA/LIN KAI\ *POSEI-DW=NA U(PE\R *(ALIRROQI/OU *EU)MENI/DAS TE KAI\ *)ORE/STHN PERI\ @1 TH=S MHTROFONI/AS: POTE\ DE\ KAI\ BOULEUOME/NOUS, KAQA/PER PERI\ TH=S *)ILI/OU FHSI\N O( TOU= *ME/LHTOS: POTE\ DE\ KAI\ TOU\S ME\N TW=N A)NQRW/PWN E)GKWMIA/ZONTAS, TOU\S DE\ DIABA/LLON-TAS. *(HMEI=S DE\ KA)NTAU=QA TW=N MU/QWN A)FE/MENOI TH=S A)LHQEI/AS FRONTI/SWMEN, DEIKNU/NTES KAI\ TOI=S TRISI\N EI)/DESI TH=S TE/XNHS TO\N QEO\N XRHSA/MENON, TW=| ME\N SUMBOULEUTI-KW=|, DI' W(=N LE/GEI "6POIH/SWMEN A)/NQRWPON KAT' EI)KO/NA H(METE/RAN KAI\ KAQ' O(MOI/WSIN"6, TW=| DE\ DIKANIKW=|, DI' W(=N TW=| PARABA/NTI DIKA/ZEI KAI\ DI' W(=N AU)TO\S DIKASTH\S O(MOU= KAI\ KATH/GOROS GI/NETAI_AU)TO\S GA\R H)=N O( NOMOQETH/SAS A(/MA KAI\ A)DIKOU/MENOS_, TW=| DE\ PANHGURIKW=| DI' E)KEI/NWN "6KAI\ EI)=DEN O( QEO\S PA/NTA, O(/SA E)POI/HSE, KAI\ I)DOU\ KALA\ LI/AN"6. *OU(/TW ME\N OU)=N TO\ EI) E)/STI R(HTORIKH\ ZHTOU=NTES KAI\ OU)=SAN EU(/ROMEN TH\N R(HTORIKH\N KAI\ E)K QEOU= OU)=SAN KAI\ E)N QEW=|. @*LOIPO\N TO\ EI) E)/STIN A)FE/NTES E)PI\ TO\ TI/ E)STI R(HTORIKH\ E)/LQWMEN. 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O(/TI DE\ TA\ ME\N GENIKA\ O)NO/MATA E)N TW=| TI/ E)STI KATHGOROU=NTAI, AI( DE\ DIAFORAI\ E)N TW=| O(POI=O/N TI/ E)STIN, E)NTELE/STERON ME\N E)N TOI=S *TOPIKOI=S *)ARISTOTE/LOUS KAI\ PRO\ TOU/TWN DE\ E)N TH=| TW=N *PE/NTE FW-NW=N PRAGMATEI/A| MANQA/NOMEN. @*)ALL' E)PEIDH\ O(RISMO\N A)PODOU=NAI BOULO/MEQA TH=S R(HTO-RIKH=S, ZHTHTE/ON PRO\ TOU/TOU, TI/ E)STIN O(RISMO\S KAI\ PO/QEN PARWNO/MASTAI KAI\ PO/SAI AU)TOU= DIAFORAI/. *(WRI/SANTO ME\N OU)=N TO\N O(RISMO\N DIA/FOROI, MEQ' W(=N KAI\ *PLA/TWN AU)TO\S KAI\ *)ARISTOTE/LHS. A)LL' H(MEI=S TOU\S TW=N A)/LLWN PARE/NTES TOU\S E)KEI/NWN E)NTAU=QA PARALHYO/MEQA. O(RI/ZETAI ME\N OU)=N AU)TO\N O( *PLA/TWN OU(/TWS "3O(RISMO/S E)STI LO/GOS SU/NTOMOS, DHLWTIKO\S TH=S FU/SEWS TOU= U(POKEIME/NOU PRA/GMATOS"3. KAI\ LO/GON ME\N AU)TO\N EI)PW\N DIASTE/LLEI A)PO\ TW=N O)NOMA/TWN: TO\ ME\N GA\R O)/NOMA MI/A TI/S E)STI LE/CIS OI(=ON *PE/TROS, O( DE\ LO/GOS E)K DIAFO/RWN LE/CEWN SU/GKEITAI OI(=ON "3*PE/TROS O)RQW=S GRA/FEI"3. SU/NTOMON DE\ AU)TO\N EI)PW\N DIASTE/LLEI A)PO\ TW=N MAKRW=N LO/GWN, TW=N TE *DHMOSQENIKW=N, OI(=ON TOU= *PARAPRESBEI/AS, TOU= *PERI\ TOU= STEFA/NOU, KAI\ TW=N LOI-PW=N. DHLWTIKO\N DE\ TH=S FU/SEWS TOU= U(POKEIME/NOU PRA/-GMATOS EI)=PE TO\N O(/RON, DIISTW=N AU)TO\N TW=N TE A)POFQE-GMA/TWN, OI(=O/N E)STI TO\ "3MHDE\N A)/GAN"3 KAI\ TO\ "3E)GGU/A, PA/RA D' A)/TA"3, A(\ LO/GOI ME/N EI)SI SU/NTOMOI KAI\ AU)TOI/, OU) MH\N DHLWTIKOI\ TH=S FU/SEWS TOU= U(POKEIME/NOU PRA/GMATOS, KAI\ TW=N U(POGRAFW=N, AI(/TINES OU) TH\N OU)SI/AN DHLOU=SI TOU= @1 PRA/GMATOS A)LLA\ TA\ AU)TW=| PAREPO/MENA. A)LL' O( ME\N PARA\ TOU= *PLA/TWNOS A)PODOQEI\S TW=| O(RISMW=| LO/GOS TOIOU=TOS. @*(O ME/NTOI *)ARISTOTE/LHS OU(/TWS AU)TO\N E)N TOI=S *TOPIKOI=S O(RI/ZETAI: "6O(RISMO/S E)STI LO/GOS O( TO\ TI/ H)=N EI)=NAI SHMAI/-NWN"6, TOUTE/STI LO/GOS O( DHLW=N TO\ TI/ E)STI TO\ EI)=NAI KAI\ H( OU)SI/A TOU= PRA/GMATOS: TO\ GA\R H)=N A)NTI\ TOU= E)/STI TE/QEITAI, SUNH/QOUS TH=S TOIAU/THS XRH/SEWS OU)/SHS: O( GA\R LE/GWN "3TOU=TO H)=N"3 I)/SON LE/GEI TW=| "3TOU=TO E)/STI"3 KAI\ O( LE/GWN "3TI/S H)=N O( KO/PTWN TH\N QU/RAN;"3 TAU)TO\N LE/GEI TW=| "3TI/S E)STIN O( KO/PTWN TH\N QU/RAN;"3: W(/SPER KAI\ O( *PORFU/RIOS E)N TH=| TW=N *PE/NTE FWNW=N PRAGMATEI/A| E)N TW=| PERI\ TOU= GE/NOUS LO/GW| LE/GWN TO\ "6H)=N DE\ A)NQRW/POU GE/NOS TO\ ZW=|ON"6 TAU)TO\N LE/GEI TW=| "3E)/STI DE\ A)NQRW/POU GE/NOS TO\ ZW=|ON"3. *)/ESTI DE\ O( TOU= *)ARISTOTE/LOUS O(RISMO\S O(/MOIOS SXEDO\N TW=| TOU= *PLA/TWNOS, PLH\N O(/SON E)/XEI E)KEI=NOS TO\ "3SU/NTOMOS"3: E)PEI\ KATA\ TA\ A)/LLA O(MOI/WS E)/XOUSIN: A)MFO/TEROI GA\R LO/GON TO\N O(RISMO\N LE/GOUSI KAI\ DHLWTIKO\N TH=S FU/SEWS TOU= U(POKEIME/NOU PRA/GMATOS: TO\ GA\R "6O( TO\ TI/ H)=N EI)=NAI SHMAI/NWN"6 OU)DE\N E(/TERON DHLOI= H)\ TO\ "3O( DHLW=N TH\N FU/SIN TOU= PRA/GMATOS"3. *)ALL' I)/SWS A)/N TIS EI)/POI "3KAI\ TI/NOS XA/RIN OU) PROSE/QHKEN O( *)ARISTOTE/LHS TO\ SU/NTOMOS KAI\ AU)TO/S, W(/STE EI)=NAI TO\N O(RISMO\N TOIOU=TON: LO/GOS SU/NTOMOS O( TO\ TI/ H)=N EI)=NAI SHMAI/NWN;"3 KAI/ FAMEN, O(/TI H)/RKEI KAI\ OU) PA=SA A)NA/GKH POLLA\S DIAFORA\S E)N TOI=S O(RISMOI=S PARALAMBA/NESQAI: A)RKEI= GA\R TW=| GE/NEI KAI\ MI/AN DIAFORA\N TH\N EI)DIKH\N PROS- @1LABO/NTAS O(/RON POIH=SAI, W(/SPER EI)/ TIS TO\N A)/NQRWPON O(RIZO/MENOS EI)/POI AU)TO\N ZW=|ON NOU= KAI\ E)PISTH/MHS DEKTIKO/N: TOU=TO D' A)/N TIS POIH/SAITO TOU= TE SUNTO/MOU KAI\ TOU= A)KRI-BOU=S A(/MA FRONTI/ZWN: OI( GA\R O(RISMOI\ SU/NTOMOI PA/NTWS O)FEI/LOUSIN EI)=NAI. O( GOU=N *)ARISTOTE/LHS KAI\ AU)TO\S TW=| "3LO/GOS"3, O(/PER A)NTI\ GE/NOUS TE/QEIKE, TH\N EI)DIKH\N SUMPARA-PLE/CAS MO/NHN DIAFORA\N A)KRIBH= TO\N O(/RON E)POI/HSE: KAI\ O(/PER O( *PLA/TWN DIA\ LO/GWN E)SH/MANE SU/NTOMON TO\N O(/RON A)POFHNA/MENOS, TOU=TO *)ARISTOTE/LHS DI' AU)TW=N TW=N PRAG-MA/TWN A)PE/DEICE SU/NTOMON TO\N TOU= O(RISMOU= O(RISMO\N E)RGASA/MENOS. @*)ALL' E)PEIDH\ TO\N TOU= O(RISMOU= O(RISMO\N PROEQE/MEQA, FE/RE KAI\ PO/QEN O(RISMO\S PARWNO/MASTAI EI)/PWMEN. TINE\S ME\N OU)=N A)PO\ METAFORA=S TW=N O(ROQESI/WN AU)TO\N EI)=PON O(RISMO\N EI)RH=SQAI DIA\ TO/, W(/SPER TA\ O(ROQE/SIA TA\ OI)KEI=A A)POXWRI/ZEI TW=N A)LLOTRI/WN, OU(/TW KAI\ TO\N O(RISMO\N A)PO-XWRI/ZEIN TO\ O(RISTO\N E)K TW=N A)/LLWN. E(/TEROI DE\ PA/LIN EI)=PON O(/TI, W(/SPER A)PO\ TOU= SPEI/RW GI/NETAI SPO/ROS, OU(/TW KAI\ A)PO\ TOU= EI)/RW, TO\ SUMPLE/KW KAI\ SUNA/PTW, GI/NETAI O(/ROS: KAI\ GA\R O( O(/ROS SUNEI/REI KAI\ SUNA/PTEI TW=| O(RISTW=| TA\ I)/DIA AU)TOU=. O( ME/NTOI *(HRWDIANO\S A)PO\ TOU= O(RW= TO\ BLE/PW AU)TO/N FHSI PARESXHMATI/SQAI: KAI\ GA/R FHSIN "6O( O(/ROS EU)SU/NOPTA KAI\ EU)O/RATA POIEI= H(MI=N TA\ O(RIZO/-MENA"6. @*(UPO/LOIPON H(MI=N EI)PEI=N KAI\ PO/SAI AI( TW=N O(/RWN DIA-FORAI/. EI)SI\ DH\ TOU/TWN DIAFORAI\ PLEI/OUS. KAI\ GA\R TW=N @1 O(/RWN OI(\ ME/N EI)SIN A)PO\ AI)TI/AS, OI(\ DE\ A)PO\ OU)SI/AS, [OI(\ DE\ A)PO\ AI)TI/AS,] OI(\ DE\ E)NNOHMATIKOI/, OI(\ DE\ MIKTOI/: KAI\ TW=N MIKTW=N OI(\ ME\N A)PO\ AI)TI/AS KAI\ OU)SI/AS, OI(\ DE\ A)PO\ OU)SI/AS KAI\ TW=N PAREPOME/NWN, TOUTE/STIN A)PO\ OU)SI/AS KAI\ E)NNOH-MATIKOI/. *KAI\ OI(\ ME\N E)C U(POKEIME/NOU KAI\ TOU/TOU DIXW=S: H)\ GA\R TOU= PO/RRW H)\ TOU= PROSEXOU=S: OI(\ DE\ E)K TOU= TE/LOUS KAI\ TOU/TOU H)\ TOU= PO/RRW H)\ TOU= PROSEXOU=S: OI(\ DE\ E)C A)MFOTE/RWN, TOU= TE U(POKEIME/NOU KAI\ TOU= TE/LOUS, H)/TOI A)MFOTE/RWN PO/RRW H)\ A)MFOTE/RWN PROSEXW=N, H)\ TOU= ME\N E(NO\S PO/RRW, TOU= DE\ E(TE/ROU PROSEXOU=S: KAI\ TOU=TO DIXW=S, H)\ GA\R TOU= ME\N U(POKEIME/NOU PO/RRW, TOU= DE\ TE/LOUS PROSE-XOU=S, H)\ TOU)NANTI/ON TOU= ME\N U(POKEIME/NOU PROSEXOU=S, TOU= DE\ TE/LOUS PO/RRW. *KAI\ A)PO\ OU)SI/AS ME/N E)STIN, OI(=ON TI/ E)STI BRONTH/; YO/FOS NEFELW=N: O( GA\R YO/FOS OU)SI/A KAQ-E/STHKE TH=S BRONTH/SEWS: A)PO\ AI)TI/AS, OI(=ON TI/ E)STIN E)/KLEIYIS H(LI/OU; E)PIPRO/SQHSIS H(LI/OU U(PO\ SELH/NHS: I)DOU\ GA/R, AI)TI/A MO/NON A)PODE/DOTAI TH=S E)KLEI/YEWS, DI' H(\N GI/NE-TAI. E)NNOHMATIKO\S DE/ E)STIN O( E)K PAREPOME/NWN TINW=N SUNISTA/MENOS, O(\S KAI\ U(POGRAFH\ KURI/WS O)NOMA/ZETAI, OI(=ON TI/ E)STI FWNH/; I)/DION AI)SQHTO\N A)KOH=S: H)\ O(/TI A)/NQRWPO/S E)STIN O)RQOPERIPATHTIKO\S PLATUW/NUXOS GELASTIKO/S. MIK-TO\S DE\ A)PO\ OU)SI/AS KAI\ AI)TI/AS, OI(=ON TI/ E)STIN A)STRAPH/; PU=R A)POSBENNU/MENON U(PO\ YO/FOU NEFELW=N: AI)TI/A GA\R @1 E)NTAU=QA TOU= SBENNUME/NOU PURO\S O( YO/FOS TW=N NEFELW=N: MIKTO\S DE\ A)PO\ OU)SI/AS KAI\ E)NNOHMATIKO\S O( A)PO\ OU)SI/AS KAI\ TW=N PAREPOME/NWN SUNISTA/MENOS, OI(=ON TI/ E)STI FWNH/; PLHGH\ A)E/ROS H)\ I)/DION AI)SQHTO\N A)KOH=S: KAI\ TI/ E)STIN A)/NQRWPOS; ZW=|ON LOGIKO\N QNHTO\N O)RQOPERIPATHTIKO\N PLA-TUW/NUXON GELASTIKO/N. TOU/TOUS DE\ OU)D' A(PLW=S O(RISMOU\S A)LL' U(POGRAFIKOU\S O(RISMOU\S O)NOMA/ZOUSIN. *)EC U(POKEI-ME/NOU DE\ TOU= PO/RRW, OI(=ON NAUPHGIKH/ E)STI TE/XNH PERI\ TA\ EI)S KATASKEUH\N PLOI/WN A(RMO/ZONTA CU/LA KATAGINO-ME/NH. @*)ALL' EI)/PWMEN, TI/ E)STIN U(POKEI/MENON KAI\ TE/LOS KAI\ POI=ON TO\ PROSEXE\S U(POKEI/MENON KAI\ TE/LOS KAI\ POI=ON TO\ PO/RRW: OU(/TW GA\R A)\N R(A|DI/WS TOI=S PARADEI/GMASI TW=N E)C U(POKEIME/NOU KAI\ TE/LOUS O(RISMW=N PARAKOLOUQH/SWMEN. U(POKEI/MENON ME\N OU)=N E)STIN, O(/PER U(PO/KEITAI PA/SH| TE/XNH| KAI\ E)PISTH/MH|, OI(=ON TH=| GRAMMATIKH=| U(PO/KEITAI TA\ O)KTW\ ME/RH TOU= LO/GOU_TOU/TOIS GA\R PA/SAS TA\S TW=N *(ELLH/NWN FWNA\S PERIE/KLEISE_KAI\ TH=| I)ATRIKH=| TA\ A)NQRW/PINA SW/-MATA. TE/LOS DE\ O(\ XRH/SIMON TH=S TE/XNHS PERIPOIHTIKO/N, OI(=ON GRAMMATIKH=S ME\N TE/LOS TO\ MH\ SOLOIKI/ZEIN H)\ BAR-BARI/ZEIN, I)ATRIKH=S DE\ TO\ U(GEI/AN POIH=SAI. *TW=N DE\ U(POKEI-ME/NWN PROSEXH= ME/N EI)SI TA\ PA=SI GNW/RIMA KAI\ DH=LA, OI(=ON NAUPHGIKH=S ME\N PROSEXH= U(POKEI/MENA TA\ A(PLW=S CU/LA_TAU=TA GA\R PA/NTES I)/SASIN, O(/TI U(PO/KEITAI TH=| NAU-PHGIKH=|_, PO/RRW DE\ TA\ TW=| TEXNI/TH| MO/NW| U(POPI/PTONTA @1 PRO\S GNW=SIN, OI(=ON TA\ PRO\S TRO/PIN TUXO\N KAI\ PHDA/LION A(RMO/ZONTA, KAI\ I)ATRIKH=S PROSEXH= ME\N U(POKEI/MENA TA\ A)NQRW/PINA SW/MATA, PO/RRW DE\ TA\ TOIW=SDE KEKRAME/NA. KAI\ TW=N TELW=N DE\ TA\ ME/N EI)SI PROSEXH=, OI(=ON TH=S NAU-PHGIKH=S TE/LOS PROSEXE\S TO\ A(PLW=S NAU=N POIH=SAI KAI\ TH=S I)ATRIKH=S TO\ A(PLW=S U(GEI/AN, TA\ DE\ PO/RRW, OI(=ON TH=S I)ATRIKH=S PO/RRW TE/LOS TO\ TOIW=SDE U(GIA/SAI KAI\ TH=S NAU-PHGIKH=S TO\ TOIA/NDE NAU=N POIH=SAI OI(=ON A)KA/TION H)\ DRO/-MWNA. *GI/NONTAI OU)=N OI( O(RISMOI\ E)K ME\N TOU= PO/RRW U(PO-KEIME/NOU, OI(=ON NAUPHGIKH/ E)STI TE/XNH PERI\ TA\ EI)S KATA-SKEUH\N PLOI/WN A(RMO/ZONTA CU/LA KATAGINOME/NH, E)K DE\ TOU= PROSEXOU=S, OI(=ON NAUPHGIKH/ E)STI TE/XNH PERI\ TA\ CU/LA KATAGINOME/NH: E)K DE\ TOU= PO/RRW TE/LOUS, OI(=ON NAUPHGIKH/ E)STI TE/XNH A)KATI/WN POIHTIKH/, E)K DE\ TOU= PROSEXOU=S, OI(=ON NAUPHGIKH/ E)STI TE/XNH PLOI/WN POIHTIKH/. KAI\ TOIOU=TOI ME\N OI( E)C U(POKEIME/NWN KAI\ TELW=N PROSEXW=N KAI\ PO/RRW GINO/MENOI O(RISMOI/. *GI/NONTAI DE\ KAI\ E)C A)MFOTE/RWN O(MOU=, E)C U(POKEIME/NOU DHLONO/TI KAI\ TE/LOUS H)\ A)MFOTE/RWN PROSE-XW=N H)\ A)MFOTE/RWN PO/RRW, H)\ TOU= ME\N E(NO\S PROSEXOU=S, [2TOU= U(POKEIME/NOU]2, TOU= DE\ TE/LOUS PO/RRW, H)\ TOU)NANTI/ON E)K ME\N TOU= U(POKEIME/NOU PO/RRW, TE/LOUS DE\ PROSEXOU=S. E)/STWSAN DE\ PARADEI/GMATA TOU/TWN TAU=TA: TOU= ME\N E)C U(POKEIME/NOU PO/RRW KAI\ TE/LOUS PO/RRW, OI(=ON NAUPHGIKH/ E)STI TE/XNH PERI\ TA\ A(RMO/DIA EI)S E)RGASI/AN PLOI/WN CU/LA KATAGINOME/NH A)KATI/WN POIHTIKH/: TOU= DE\ E)C A)MFOTE/RWN @1 PROSEXW=N, OI(=ON NAUPHGIKH/ E)STI TE/XNH PERI\ TA\ CU/LA KATAGINOME/NH PLOI/WN POIHTIKH/: TOU= DE\ E)C U(POKEIME/NOU PROSEXOU=S KAI\ TE/LOUS PO/RRW, OI(=ON NAUPHGIKH/ E)STI TE/XNH PERI\ TA\ CU/LA KATAGINOME/NH A)KATI/WN POIHTIKH/: TOU= DE\ E)C U(POKEIME/NOU PO/RRW KAI\ TE/LOUS PROSEXOU=S, OI(=ON NAU-PHGIKH/ E)STI TE/XNH PERI\ TA\ EI)S E)RGASI/AN PLOI/WN E)PITH/-DEIA CU/LA KATAGINOME/NH PLOI/WN POIHTIKH/. @*DEI= DE\ GINW/SKEIN, O(/TI TW=N U(POKEIME/NWN TA\ ME\N MIA=| MO/NH| TE/XNH| U(PO/KEITAI, W(/SPER TH=| U(ALOYIKH=| MO/NH| O( U(/A-LOS, TA\ DE\ PLEI/OSIN, OI(=ON TA\ CU/LA KAI\ TH=| NAUPHGIKH=| KAI\ TH=| TEKTONIKH=|: KAI\ TW=N TELW=N PA/LIN TA\ ME\N MIA=S MO/NHS EI)SI\ TE/XNHS, OI(=ON TH=S NAUPHGIKH=S MO/NHS TO\ PHGNU/-NAI NAU=S, TA\ DE\ KAI\ E(TE/RWN, W(S EI)/ TIS TH=S R(HTORIKH=S TE/-LOS LE/GOI TO\ EU)= LE/GEIN, TOU=TO GA\R KAI\ TH=S DIALEKTIKH=S KAI\ E(TE/RWN POLLW=N E)STI. DEI= OU)=N TO\N E)C U(POKEIME/NOU H)\ TE/LOUS BOULO/MENON O(RI/SASQAI SKOPEI=N PRO/TERON, EI) TH=S PROKEIME/NHS MO/NHS TE/XNHS E)STI\ TO\ U(POKEI/MENON H)\ KAI\ E(TE/-RWN, KAI\ TO\ TE/LOS W(SAU/TWS: KAI\ EI) ME\N MO/NHS, E)/STIN O(RI/ZESQAI E)K MO/NOU TOU= U(POKEIME/NOU H)\ TOU= TE/LOUS, E)K ME\N MO/NOU TOU= U(POKEIME/NOU, OI(=ON U(ALOYIKH/ E)STI TE/XNH PERI\ TO\N U(/ALON KATAGINOME/NH, E)K DE\ TOU= TE/LOUS, OI(=ON NAUPH-GIKH/ E)STI TE/XNH PLOI/WN POIHTIKH/. EI) DE\ MH/ E)STI MO/NHS A)LLA\ KAI\ E(TE/RWN, MH\ O(RI/ZESQAI E)K TOU= E(NO\S MO/NOU A)LLA\ PROSLABEI=N KAI\ TO\ E(/TERON. @*DEI= DE\ KAI\ TOU=TO SKOPEI=N, EI) A)NTISTRE/FEI O( O(RISMO\S KAI\ TO\ O(RISTO/N: EI) GA\R MH\ A)NTISTRE/FEI, KAKI/ZETAI. @*(O DE\ E)C U(/LHS KAI\ EI)/DOUS O(RISMO/S E)STI TOIOU=TOS, OI(=ON A)NDRIA/S E)STI XALKO\S A)NQRW/POU SXH=MA FE/RWN: @1 I)DOU\ GA\R O( ME\N XALKO\S U(/LH, TO\ DE\ "3SXH=MA A)NQRW/POU FE/RWN"3 TO\ EI)=DOS. @*DIAIRETIKO\S DE/ E)STIN O( E)K GE/NOUS KAI\ SUSTATIKW=N DIAFORW=N LAMBANO/MENOS H)/TOI E)K TOU= O)NO/MATOS TOU= GE/-NOUS, OI(=ON A)/NQRWPO/S E)STI ZW=|ON LOGIKO\N QNHTO\N NOU= KAI\ E)PISTH/MHS DEKTIKO/N: I)DOU\ GA\R H( "3ZW=|ON"3 LE/CIS O)/NOMA/ E)STIN: H)\ E)K TOU= O(RISMOU= TOU= GE/NOUS, OI(=ON A)/NQRWPO/S E)STIN OU)SI/A E)/MYUXOS AI)SQHTIKH\ LOGIKH\ QNHTH\ NOU= KAI\ E)PISTH/MHS DEKTIKH/: KAI\ H)\ E)K PLEIO/NWN DIAFORW=N, W(S E)/XOUSIN OI( TOIOU=TOI O(RISMOI/, H)\ E)K TH=S EI)DIKWTA/THS MO/NHS, W(S E)/XEI TO\ A)/NQRWPO/S E)STI ZW=|ON NOU= KAI\ E)PISTH/MHS DEKTI-刌KO/N, KAI\ O(\N A)PODE/DWKEN O(RISMO\N TH=S R(HTORIKH=S O( *(ERMO-GE/NHS E)N TW=| PROOIMI/W| TOU= *PERI\ TW=N STA/SEWN BIBLI/OU MONONOUXI\ OU(/TWS EI)PW\N "3R(HTORIKH/ E)STI SU/STHMA E)K KA-TALH/YEWN E)GGEGUMNASME/NWN, LUSITELOU=N KA)N TAI=S BOU-LAI=S KA)N TOI=S DIKASTHRI/OIS KAI\ PANTAXOU="3, TO\ ME\N "3SU/-STHMA E)GKATALH/YEWN E)GGEGUMNASME/NWN"3 A)NTI\ GE/NOUS PARALABW/N, TA\ DE\ LOIPA\ A)NTI\ DIAFORW=N, KAI\ MA=LLON W(S EI)DIKWTA/THN DIAFORA/N: MO/NH GA\R H( R(HTORIKH\ DOKEI= "3E)N TAI=S BOULAI=S KAI\ E)N TOI=S DIKASTHRI/OIS"3 LUSITELEI=N. *PO/TE DE\ XRH\ TO\ O)/NOMA TOU= GE/NOUS TIQE/NAI E)N TW=| O(RI-SMW=| KAI\ PO/TE TO\N AU)TOU= O(RISMO/N, KAI\ PA/LIN PO/TE PLEI/OUS DE/ON TIQE/NAI TA\S DIAFORA\S KAI\ PO/TE TH\N EI)DIKWTA/-THN, KAI\ E)N A)/LLOIS ME\N SU\N QEW=| EI)RH/SETAI KAI\ NU=N DE\ DIA\ BRAXE/WN E)ROU=MEN. O(/TE ME\N GA\R A)MFIBA/LLETAI, EI) GE/NOS E)STI\ TO/DE TOU= O(RISTOU=, TO/TE DE/ON OU)XI\ TO\ O)/NOMA @1 TOU= GE/NOUS A)LLA\ TO\N O(RISMO\N AU)TO\N TIQE/NAI, W(S A)\N DI' AU)TOU= DEIXQH=| GE/NOS EI)=NAI TOU= O(RISTOU=: W(=N GA\R OI( O(/ROI KOINOI/, TOU/TWN KAI\ TA\ PRA/GMATA TA\ AU)TA/. DIA/ TOI TOU=TO KAI\ O( SOFW/TATOS *(ERMOGE/NHS E)N TW=| *PERI\ TW=N STA/SEWN BIBLI/W| BOULO/MENOS O(RI/SASQAI TH\N R(HTORIKH\N KAI\ ME/LLWN A)NTI\ GE/NOUS TH\N TE/XNHN E)N TW=| O(RISMW=| QEI=NAI, E)PEIDH\ EU(/RISKE POLLOU\S MH\ SUGXWROU=NTAS TE/XNHN EI)=NAI TH\N R(HTORIKH/N, A)NTI\ TOU= "3TE/XNH"3 O)NO/MATOS TO\N O(RISMO\N TH=S TE/XNHS PARE/LABEN: E)/NQA ME/NTOI MHDEI\S A)MFIBA/LLEI PERI\ TOU= GE/NOUS, TO/TE OU)XI\ TO\N O(RISMO\N TOU= GE/NOUS A)LLA\ TO\ O)/NOMA DE/ON TIQE/NAI. @*KAI\ PERI\ TW=N DIAFORW=N DE\ E)KEI=NO LE/GOMEN, O(/TI, O(/TE ME\N A)NTI\ TOU= O)NO/MATOS TOU= GE/NOUS TO\N O(RISMO\N TOU= GE/-NOUS TIQE/AMEN, TO/TE OU)XI\ PLEI/OUS DIAFORA\S A)LLA\ TH\N EI)DIKWTA/THN MO/NHN PARALHYO/MEQA, W(/SPER KAI\ O( *(ERMO-GE/NHS E)POI/HSE TH\N EI)DIKWTA/THN MO/NHN PARALABW/N, E)PEIDH\ A)NTI\ TOU= "3TE/XNH"3 O)NO/MATOS TO\N O(RISMO\N TH=S TE/XNHS PARE/-LABE. TOU=TO DE\ POIOU=MEN, I(/NA MH\ MAKRO\N TO\N O(RISMO\N POIH/SWMEN, DE/ON AU)TO\N SU/NTOMON EI)=NAI: EI) GA\R KAI\ A)NTI\ TOU= O)NO/MATOS TOU= GE/NOUS TO\N O(RISMO\N TOU= GE/NOUS PARA-LHYO/MEQA KAI\ PLEI/OUS DIAFORA\S E)KEI/NW| PA/LIN SUMPLE/COMEN, MAKRO\S OU(=TOS O( O(RISMO\S GENH/SETAI: EI) ME/NTOI MH\ TO\N O(RISMO\N A)LLA\ TO\ O)/NOMA TOU= GE/NOUS PARALHYO/MEQA, TO/TE OU)DE\N KWLU/EI KAI\ PLEI/OUS PARALABEI=N TA\S DIAFORA/S. @*GEW/RGIOS: "6DEI= DE\ GINW/SKEIN, O(/TI OI( ME\N A)PO\ GE/NOUS KAI\ SUSTATIKW=N DIAFORW=N O(RISMOI\ TOI=S FUSIKOI=S W(S E)PI\ @1 TO\ PLEI=STON A(RMO/ZOUSIN, OI(=ON A)NQRW/PW|, BOI/+, LI/QW| KAI\ TOI=S O(MOI/OIS, OI( DE\ E)C U(POKEIME/NOU [2H)\ TE/LOUS H)\ E)K TOU= SUNAMFOTE/ROU, E)C U(POKEIME/NOU]2 KAI\ TE/LOUS, TAI=S E)PI-STH/MAIS KAI\ TE/XNAIS, OI( DE\ E)C U(/LHS KAI\ EI)/DOUS TOI=S A)PO-TELE/SMASI TW=N TEXNW=N."6 @*)ALL' E)PEIDH\ TI/ TE/ E)STIN O(/ROS KAI\ PO/QEN PARWNO/MASTAI KAI\ PO/SAI AU)TOU= DIAFORAI/, EI) KAI\ DIA\ BRAXE/WN, O(/MWS EI)RH/KAMEN, I)/DWMEN EI) DOKEI= KAI\ TO\N TH=S R(HTORIKH=S O(RIS-MO\N TI/S E)STI, [KAI\] E)PI\ TO\ DEU/TERON E)RXO/MENOI TW=N ZH-TOUME/NWN TO\ TI/ E)STI. FE/RONTAI DH\ TH=S R(HTORIKH=S O(RIS-MOI\ OU)X EI(=S A)LLA\ PLEI/ONES. *)ARISTOTE/LHS ME\N GA\R AU)TH\N W(RI/SATO OU(/TWS "3R(HTORIKH/ E)STI DU/NAMIS TOU= PERI\ E(/KA-STON E)NDEXOME/NOU PIQANOU= LO/GOU, TE/LOS E)/XOUSA TO\ EU)= LE/GEIN"3. O(\N KAI\ AI)TIW=NTAI/ TINES W(S DU/O KAKIW=N PARAKO-LOUQOUSW=N TOI=S O(/ROIS, U(PERBOLH=S KAI\ E)LLEI/YEWS, TH\N MI/AN TW=N KAKIW=N TH\N U(PERBOLH\N E)/XONTA KAI\ PARA\ TOU=TO MH\ A)NTISTRE/FONTA TW=| O(RISTW=|: E)/XEI DE/, FASI/, TH\N U(PER-BOLH/N, KAQO\ OU) MO/NON TH\N R(HTORIKH\N PERIE/XEI A)LLA\ KAI\ TH\N DIALEKTIKH/N: KAI\ GA\R EI) LE/GOMEN "3DIALEKTIKH\ DU/NAMI/S TI/S E)STI TOU= PERI\ E(/KASTON E)NDEXOME/NOU PIQANOU= LO/GOU, TE/LOS E)/XOUSA TO\ EU)= LE/GEIN"3, A)LHQEU/OMEN: EI) ME/NTOI A)NTI- @1STRE/YAI PEIRAQEI/HMEN LE/GONTES, O(/TI KAI/, EI)/ TI "3DU/NAMIS TOU= PERI\ E(/KASTON E)NDEXOME/NOU PIQANOU= LO/GOU, TE/LOS E)/XOUSA TO\ EU)= LE/GEIN"3, TOU=TO R(HTORIKH/ E)STI, YEUDO/MEQA: AU)TI/KA GA\R H( DIALEKTIKH\ "3DU/NAMIS OU)=SA TOU= PERI\ E(/KA-STON E)NDEXOME/NOU PIQANOU= LO/GOU, TE/LOS E)/XOUSA TO\ EU)= LE/GEIN"3 OU)K E)/STI R(HTORIKH/: DIAFE/REI GA\R TH=S DIALEKTI-KH=S H( R(HTORIKH\ TH=| TE U(/LH| KAI\ TOI=S O)RGA/NOIS TH=| ME\N U(/LH|, O(/TI H( ME\N R(HTORIKH\ U(/LHN E)/XEI TA\ POLITIKA/, H( DE\ DIALEKTIKH\ PERI\ PA/NTWN A(PLW=S, W(/S TISI DOKEI=, DIALE-XQH/SETAI, TOI=S DE\ O)RGA/NOIS, O(/TI TH=S ME\N R(HTORIKH=S O)/RGANA TO\ KEFA/LAION, TO\ E)PIXEI/RHMA, H( E)RGASI/A, TO\ E)NQU/MHMA. *KEFA/LAION ME\N OU)=N E)STI ME/ROS LO/GOU A)PO/DEICIN E)/XON TOU= PROKEIME/NOU ZHTH/MATOS, E)K NOHMA/TWN KAI\ E)PIXEI-RHMA/TWN SUGKEI/MENON, OI(=ON U(POKEI/SQW ZH/THMA TO\ *FILI/P-POU SUNEXW=S *XAIRW/NEIAN KATATRE/XONTOS GRA/FEI *DHMO-SQE/NHS DIORU/CAI TO\N *)ISQMO/N, EI)=TA PRO\S SU/STASIN TOU/-TOU KEFA/LAION TO\ DUNATO/N, O(/TI R(A/|DION TO\ DIORU/CAI TO\N *)ISQMO/N. *)EPIXEI/RHMA DE/ E)STI LO/GOS KATASKEUASTIKO\S TOU= PROTEQE/NTOS KEFALAI/OU, E)K PERISTA/SEWS E)/XWN TH\N GE/NESIN, OI(=ON W(S I(/NA PRO\S KATASKEUH\N TOU= PROTEQE/N-TOS KEFALAI/OU E)PAGA/GWMEN E)PIXEI/RHMA A)PO\ TH=S PERI-STA/SEWS H)/GOUN A)PO\ TOU= PROSW/POU H)\ TOU= TO/POU H)\ TW=N A)/LLWN: A)PO\ ME\N OU)=N TOU= PROSW/POU, O(/TI R(A/|DION TOI=S *)AQHNAI/OIS TOI=S I)SXUROI=S KAI\ NEWTEROPOIOI=S KAI\ PARA\ TW=N E)XQRW=N E)PAINOUME/NOIS: A)PO\ DE\ TOU= TO/POU, O(/TI GH=N @1 DIORU/COMEN, TO\ DE\ GH=N DIORU/SSEIN PAIDIA/. *)ERGASI/A DE/ E)STI LO/GOS KATASKEUASTIKO\S TOU= PROTEQE/NTOS E)PIXEI-RH/MATOS, E)K PARABOLH=S H)\ PARADEI/GMATOS E)/XWN TH\N GE/-NESIN: E)K ME\N OU)=N PARADEI/GMATOS, OI(=ON E)PEI\ KAI\ *CE/RCHS POTE\ DIW/RUCE TO\N *)/AQWN: E)K DE\ PARABOLH=S, W(S EI)/ TIS EI)/POI DEI=N TOU\S GONE/AS TIMA=N, EI)=TA E)RGASI/AN QH/SEI E)K PARABOLH=S "3KAI\ GA\R KAI\ TW=N QHRI/WN E)/STIN A(\ TOU=TO POIEI="3. *TO\ DE\ E)NQU/MHMA SU/GKRISIN E)/XEI TH=S E)RGASI/AS KAI\ TOU= E)PIXEIRH/MATOS KAI\ A)PONE/MEI TO\ PLE/ON TW=| E)PIXEIRH/MATI, OI(=ON W(S EI)/ TIS E)PAGA/GOI TH=| E)K PARABOLH=S TEQEI/SH| A)NW-TE/RW E)RGASI/A| E)NQU/MHMA "3EI) DE\ E)PI\ QHRI/WN TOU=TO GI/NE-TAI, POLLW=| MA=LLON E)PI\ A)NQRW/PWN PROSH=KE SPOUDA/ZE-SQAI"3. @*KAI\ TAU=TA ME/N EI)SI TA\ TH=S R(HTORIKH=S O)/RGANA: TA\ DE\ TH=S DIALEKTIKH=S H(/ TE E)PAGWGH\ KAI\ O( SULLOGISMO/S: KAI\ O( ME\N SULLOGISMO\S E)K TW=N KAQO/LOU TA\ MERIKA\ PISTOU=-TAI, H( DE\ E)PAGWGH\ E)K TW=N MERIKW=N TA\ KAQO/LOU: EI) ME\N GA\R BOULO/MENOS A)PODEI=CAI TO\N *SWKRA/THN LOGIKO\N EI)/PW O(/TI "3PA=S A)/NQRWPOS LOGIKO/S, E)/STI DE\ O( *SWKRA/THS A)/NQRWPOS, W(/STE KAI\ LOGIKO/S E)STI"3, SULLOGISMO\N POIW=: E)K GA\R TOU= KAQO/LOU TO\ MERIKO\N E)PISTWSA/MHN: EI) DE\ TOU)NANTI/ON TO\N A)/NQRWPON BOULO/MENOS DEI=CAI LOGIKO\N E)/K TINOS MERIKOU= TOU=TO PISTW/SOMAI, E)PAGWGH=| XRW=MAI PRO\S TH\N A)PO/DEICIN, OI(=ON W(S I(/NA EI)/PW OU(/TWS "3O( PA=S A)/NQRWPOS @1 LOGIKO/S E)STI, KAI\ GA\R KAI\ O( *SWKRA/THS A)/NQRWPOS W)\N LOGIKO/S E)STI"3. @*KAI\ OU) TOU/TOIS MO/NON DIAFE/REI H( DIALEKTIKH\ TH=S R(HTORIKH=S, A)LLA\ PRO\S TOU/TOIS KAI\ O(/TI H(\ ME\N KATA\ PEU=-SIN MO/NON KAI\ A)PO/KRISIN PROSA/GETAI, H( DIALEKTIKH/, H(\ DE\ KATA\ PA/NTA LO/GOU TRO/PON TE KAI\ I)DE/AN: [KAI\ O(/TI H(\ ME\N A)MEQO/DEUTO/S E)STI KAI\ A)KALLW/PISTOS TA\ PERI\ TH\N LE/CIN, H( DE\ R(HTORIKH\ TETEXNWME/NH, TO\ PROSH=KON E(KA/STW| TW=N NOHMA/TWN KA/LLOS PERITIQEI=SA KAI\ SXH=MA KAI\ ME/GE-QOS: KAI\ O(/TI H(\ ME\N A)NAGKAI/WS DIA\ TO\ A)KALLE/S TE KAI\ A)MEQO/DEUTON BIA/ZETAI MO/NON, H(\ DE\ DIA\ TO\ PROSHNE\S KAI\ E)PI/XARI PEI/QEI.] @*(O ME/NTOI *GEWME/TRHS O)RQW=S FHSIN E)/XEIN TO\N O(RISMO/N, PAR' O(/SON H( DIALEKTIKH\ OU)K E)/STI DU/NAMIS TOU= PERI\ E(/KA-STON E)NDEXOME/NOU PIQANOU= LO/GOU: TW=N GA\R PERI\ TA\ PO-LITIKA\ PIQANW=N LO/GWN A)POREI=, MO/NHS GA\R TH=S R(HTORIKH=S U(/LH TA\ POLITIKA\ ZHTH/MATA/ TE KAI\ E)NQUMH/MATA. *)ALL' O( ME\N PARA\ TOU= *)ARISTOTE/LOUS TH=| R(HTORIKH=| A)PODOQEI\S O(RISMO\S TOIOU=TOS KAI\ AI( KAT' AU)TOU= FERO/MENAI ME/MYEIS TOIAU=TAI. ꈕ@*(ORI/ZETAI DE\ PA/LIN AU)TH\N KAI\ *DIONU/SIOS O( *QRA=|C OU(/TWS "3R(HTORIKH/ E)STI DU/NAMIS TEXNIKH\ DIA\ LO/GOU E)N PRA/GMATI POLITIKW=|, TE/LOS E)/XOUSA TO\ EU)= LE/GEIN"3. A)LLA\ KAI\ OU(=TOS KAKI/ZETAI, DIO/TI TE/LOS E)N AU)TW=| A)PODE/DOTAI TH=S R(HTORI-KH=S, O(/PER OU)K AU)TH=S MO/NHS A)LLA\ KAI\ A)/LLWN TINW=N, DE/ON O)\N MH/TE E(NO\S PRA/GMATOS POLLA\ TE/LH A)PODI/DOSQAI MH/TE POLLW=N E(/N. @1 @*FAI/NETAI DE\ KAI\ O( *(ERMOGE/NHS E)N TH=| *(RHTORIKH=| AU)TOU= TE/XNH| OU(/TWS AU)TH\N O(RIZO/MENOS: R(HTORIKH/ E)STI TE/XNH TIS LUSITELOU=SA "6KA)N TAI=S BOULAI=S KA)N TOI=S DIKASTH-RI/OIS KAI\ PANTAXOU="6. @*(O DE\ *GEWME/TRHS OU(/TWS AU)TH\N W(RI/SATO E)N TH=| EI)S TO\ PARO\N TOU= *)AFQONI/OU BIBLI/ON E)CHGH/SEI "3R(HTORIKH/ E)STI LO/GOS PERI\ TO\N LO/GON"3. @*(O ME/NTOI *GORGI/AS PEIQOU=S DHMIOURGO\N EI)=PEN AU)TH/N. A)LLA\ KAI\ OU(=TOS KAKI/ZETAI O( O(RISMO\S KATA\ TO\ U(PER-BA/LLON: OU) MO/NON GA\R TH=S R(HTORIKH=S E)STI DHLWTIKO\S A)LLA\ KAI\ E(TE/RWN PLEIO/NWN: POLLA\ GA/R E)STI KAI\ A)/LLA PEIQOU=S DHMIOURGA/. DIO\ OU)DE\ A)NTISTRE/FEI: EI)/ TI ME\N GA\R R(HTORIKH/, TOU=TO KAI\ PEIQOU=S DHMIOURGO/S, OU) MH\N EI)/ TI PEIQOU=S DHMIOURGO/S, TOU=TO PA/NTWS KAI\ R(HTORIKH/. @*(/ETEROI DE\ OU(/TWS AU)TH\N O(RI/ZONTAI: "3R(HTORIKH/ E)STI DU/NAMIS EU(RETIKH\ KAI\ E(RMHNEUTIKH\ META\ KO/SMOU TW=N E)NDEXOME/NWN PIQANW=N E)N PRA/GMATI POLITIKW=|, TE/LOS E)/XOUSA TO\ EU)= LE/GEIN"3, TH\N ME\N DU/NAMIN A)NTI\ GE/NOUS PARA-LAMBA/NONTES: TW=N E)N ME/SW| GA\R TO\ O)/NOMA, KAI\ E)PI\ BLA/BH| KAI\ E)P' W)FELEI/A| XRWME/NWN H(MW=N AU)TW=|: TO\ DE\ "3EU(RETIKH\ KAI\ E(RMHNEUTIKH/"3 W(S DIAFORA\S I)DI/AS TOU= R(H/TOROS: TOU/-TOIS GA\R I)/DION EU(REI=N TE TA\ R(HQHSO/MENA KAI\ W(S DE/ON EI)PEI=N: TO\ DE\ "3META\ KO/SMOU"3 DIA\ TO\ TH=S FRA/SEWS KA/L-LOS, O(\ KAI\ AU)TO\ PARA\ TOU= R(H/TOROS A)PAITOU=MEN: TO\ DE\ "3E)N PRA/GMATI POLITIKW=|"3 PROSTE/QEITAI DIA\ TO\ PERI\ TA\ TOIAU=TA TO\N R(HTOREU/ONTA KATAGI/NESQAI: TO\ DE\ "3TE/LOS E)/XOUSA TO\ EU)= LE/GEIN"3 KAKI/ZETAI, W(S KAI\ A)NWTE/RW EI)RH/-KAMEN. @1 @*)/AMEINON OU)=N TW=N LOIPW=N O(RI/SASQAI DOKOU=SIN TH\N R(HTORIKH\N OI( OU(/TWS AU)TH\N O(RISA/MENOI "3R(HTORIKH/ E)STI TE/XNH PERI\ LO/GOU DU/NAMIN E)N PRA/GMATI POLITIKW=|, TE/LOS E)/XOUSA TO\ PIQANW=S EI)PEI=N KATA\ TO\ E)NDEXO/MENON"3. A)LL' E)PEIDH\ PA=S O(RISMO\S E)K GE/NOUS KAI\ SUSTATIKW=N DIAFORW=N SU/GKEITAI, I)/DWMEN, POI/A ME\N LE/CIS A)NTI\ GE/NOUS PAREI/-LHPTAI, POI=AI DE\ A)NTI\ SUSTATIKW=N DIAFORW=N SU/GKEINTAI. *)ALLA\ PRO\ TOU/TOU ZHTHTE/ON, PW=S EI)/RHTAI PA/NTA O(RIS-MO\N E)K GE/NOUS KAI\ SUSTATIKW=N DIAFORW=N SUGKEI=SQAI, O(/POU KAI\ E)C U(POKEIME/NOU KAI\ TE/LOUS EI)SI/ TINES KAI\ E)C U(/LHS KAI\ EI)/DOUS KAI\ A)/LLWN TINW=N. KAI/ FAMEN, O(/TI KAI\ AU)TOI\ DUNA/MEI E)K GE/NOUS KAI\ DIAFORW=N EI)SI: TA\ GA\R U(POKEI/MENA TH=| NAUPHGIKH=| CU/LA GE/NOS AU)TH=S EI)SIN: OU) MO/NON GA\R AU)TH=| U(PO/KEITAI A)LLA\ KAI\ TH=| TEKTONIKH=| KAI\ DRUTOMIKH=|. KAI\ H( U(/LH DE\ KATA\ TOU=TON TO\N LO/GON GE/NOUS TA/CIN E)/XEI. TO\ DE\ TE/LOS KAI\ TO\ EI)=DOS TO\N TW=N DIAFORW=N A)POSW/|ZOUSI LO/GON. *)/IDWMEN OU)=N LOIPO\N KAI\ TW=N E)N TW=| PROTEQE/NTI TH=S R(HTORIKH=S O(RISMW=| LE/CEWN POI/A ME\N A)NTI\ GE/NOUS KEI=TAI, POI=AI DE\ A)NTI\ TW=N DIAFORW=N. KEI=TAI TOI/NUN TO\ ME\N "3TE/XNH"3 O)/NOMA A)NTI\ GE/NOUS: EI) GA\R GE/NOS E)STI\ TO\ KATA\ PLEIO/NWN KAI\ DIAFERO/NTWN TW=| EI)/DEI E)N TW=| TI/ E)STI KATHGOROU/MENON, W(S O( *)ARISTOTE/LHS PRW=TOS E)N TOI=S *TOPIKOI=S KAI\ A)P' E)KEI/NOU *PORFU/RIOS O( *FOI=NIC E)/N TE A)/LLOIS KAI\ E)N TH=| *EI)SAGWGH=| E)DI/DACAN, EU)/DHLON, O(/TI KAI\ TO\ "3TE/XNH"3 O)/NOMA A)NTI\ GE/NOUS E)STI/N, EI)/ GE GRAMMATI-KH=S KAI\ R(HTORIKH=S KAI\ TEKTONIKH=S KAI\ I)ATRIKH=S KAI\ @1 A)/LLWN PLEIO/NWN KAI\ DIAFERO/NTWN TW=| EI)/DEI KATHGOREI=-TAI E)N TW=| DIA\ TOU= TI/ E)STI PROFE/RESQAI TH\N E)RW/THSIN. KAI\ AU(/TH ME\N A)NTI\ GE/NOUS, W(S E)/FAMEN, H( LE/CIS PAREI/LHPTAI, AI( DE\ LOIPAI\ A)NTI\ DIAFORW=N, XWRI/ZOUSAI TO\ O(RISTO\N A)PO\ TW=N A)/LLWN TEXNW=N KAI\ PERIORI/ZOUSAI TH\N AU)TOU= I)DIO/THTA. PAREI/LHPTAI TOI/NUN TO\ ME\N "3PERI\ LO/GOU DU/NAMIN"3 PRO\ TO\ XWRISQH=NAI TH\N R(HTORIKH\N A)PO/ TE TH=S TEKTONIKH=S KAI\ TW=N A)/LLWN PRAKTIKW=N TEXNW=N, E)/TI DE\ KAI\ PRO\S TO\ DHLWQH=NAI, O(/TI H( R(HTORIKH\ PRA=GMA/ E)STIN E)/MMESON KAI\ W(=| E)/CESTI KAI\ KALW=S KAI\ KAKW=S XRH/SASQAI: TOIOU=TON GA\R H( DU/NAMIS. DIA/ TOI TOU=TO KAI\ O( PLOU=TOS KAI\ H( I)SXU\S KAI\ H( MA/XAIRA DUNA/MEIS LE/GONTAI: E)/CESTI GA\R AU)TOI=S KAI\ KALW=S KAI\ KAKW=S XRH/SASQAI. H( DE\ R(HTORIKH\ DU/NA-MI/S E)STIN, E)PEIDH\ KE/XRHTAI KAI\ TW=| YEU/DEI KAI\ TH=| A)LH-QEI/A| KAI\ KATAGI/NETAI PERI\ TA\ PIQANA/, TOUTE/STI PERI\ TA\ PEI/QONTA KAI\ MH\ PEI/QONTA. E)PEI\ OU)=N KAI\ H( GRAMMATIKH/, E)/TI DE\ KAI\ H( DIALEKTIKH\ TOIAU=TAI_TE/XNAI GA\R LOGIKAI\ KAI\ AU)TAI/_, PROSETE/QH TO\ "3E)N PRA/GMATI POLITIKW=|"3: H( GA\R GRAMMATIKH\ OU) PERI\ TA\ POLITIKA\ A)LLA\ PERI\ TO/-NOUS KAI\ PNEU/MATA KAI\ STIGMA\S KAI\ TA\ TOIAU=TA KATA-GI/NETAI: O(MOI/WS DE\ KAI\ H( DIALEKTIKH\ EI) KAI\ PERI\ PA/N-TWN TW=N PROTEQE/NTWN E)PIXEIREI=, OI(=ON PERI\ MOUSIKW=N, PERI\ GEWMETRIKW=N, E)/TI GE MH\N PERI\ I)ATRIKW=N, FUSIKW=N TE KAI\ H)QIKW=N KAI\ LOGIKW=N, O(/MWS O( ME\N DIALEKTIKO\S PERI\ PA=SAN U(/LHN O(MOI/WS TH=| DUNA/MEI XRH=TAI, O( DE\ R(HTORIKO\S EI) KAI\ AU)TO\S PERI\ TW=N PROTEQE/NTWN LE/GEI, EI)/TE I)ATRIKA/ EI)SIN EI)/TE FILO/SOFA EI)/TE MOUSIKA/, O(/MWS W(S E)PI\ TO\ PLEI=-STON PERI\ TW=N POLITIKW=N DIALAMBA/NEI. TO\ DE\ "3PIQANW=S EI)PEI=N KATA\ TO\ E)NDEXO/MENON"3 E)K TOU= TE/LOUS PAREI/LHPTAI: @1 TOU=TO GA/R E)STI TE/LOS TH=S R(HTORIKH=S TO\ PIQANW=S EI)PEI=N KATA\ TO\ E)NDEXO/MENON. @*TINE\S ME/NTOI TINA\ TW=N E)N TW=| O(RISMW=| KEIME/NWN A)NA-TRE/PEIN PEIRW=NTAI, W(=N EI) DOKEI= TOU\S LO/GOUS E)PISKEYW/-MEQA. E)N PRW/TOIS ME\N OU)=N PRO\S TH\N A)NTI\ GE/NOUS E)N TW=| O(RISMW=| LE/CIN KEIME/NHN E)NISTA/MENOI/ FASI MH\ EI)=NAI TE/X-NHN TH\N R(HTORIKH\N A)LL' E)PISTH/MHN H)\ E)MPEIRI/AN. I)/DWMEN DE\ PRW=TON TH\N DIAFORA\N TH=S TE/XNHS, H(\N E)/XEI PRO\S TH\N E)PISTH/MHN KAI\ E)MPEIRI/AN DIA/ TINOS DIAIRE/SEWS. @*(H GNW=SIS H)\ KAQO/LOU E)STI\N H)\ MERIKH/: KAI\ EI) ME\N MERIKH/, POIEI= TH\N PEI=RAN: PEI=RA GA/R E)STIN E(NO\S KAI\ MERIKOU= PRA/GMATOS GNW=SIS, W(S I(/NA GINW/SKH| TIS, O(/TI H( A)YINQI/A KEFALALGI/AN I)A=TAI. EI) DE\ KAQO/LOU, H)\ META\ LO/-GOU H)\ A)/NEU LO/GOU: KAI\ EI) ME\N A)/NEU LO/GOU, E)MPEIRI/A E)STI/: KAQO/LOU GA\R KAI\ A)LO/GWS E)/XEI TH\N TW=N POLLW=N GNW=SIN, OI(=ON W(S I(/NA GINW/SKH| TIS A)PO\ PARATHRH/SEWS GRA/FEIN O)RQW=S, MH\ ME/NTOI KAI\ KANO/NAS KAI\ O(/ROUS DU/NHTAI A)PO-DIDO/NAI. EI) DE\ META\ LO/GOU, H)\ PTAISTH\ H)\ A)/PTAISTOS: KAI\ EI) ME\N PTAISTH/, POIEI= TH\N TE/XNHN, W(S E)/STIN H( I)ATRI-KH/: AU(/TH GA\R KAI\ KAQO/LOU TH\N GNW=SIN E)/XEI KAI\ META\ LO/GOU, A)LL' E)PEIDH\ PTAISTH/ E)STIN, OU)XI\ KAQ' E(AUTH\N OU)DE\ KATA\ TOU\S MEQODIKOU\S H)\ QEWRHTIKOU\S LO/GOUS, A)LLA\ TW=| PERI\ U(/LHN TINA\ FQARTH\N KAI\ EU)ALLOI/WTON KATAGI/NESQAI KAI\ DIA\ TOU=TO MH\ A)EI\ TOU= SKOPOU= KAI\ TOU= TE/LOUS E)PITUGXA/NEIN OI(=ON TH=S U(GEI/AS_A)POTUG-XA/NEI GA\R E)/STIN O(/TE TAU/THS_, DIA\ TOU=TO TE/XNH LE/- @1GETAI EI)=NAI KAI\ OU)K E)PISTH/MH. EI) DE\ A)/PTAISTOS, POIEI= TH\N E)PISTH/MHN: H( ME\N GA\R TE/XNH TREPTA\ E)/XOUSA TA\ U(POKEI/MENA KAI\ PARA\ TOU=TO KAI\ SFALERA\ E)/STIN O(/TE A)POTUGXA/NEI TOU= SKOPOU= KAI\ PARA\ TOU=TO PTAISTH\ LE/GETAI EI)=NAI: H( DE\ E)PISTH/MH A)/TREPTA TAU=TA KAI\ A)NAL-LOI/WTA E)/XOUSA A)/PTAISTO/S E)STIN: EI) GA\R KAI\ OI( E)PI-STH/MONES E)/STIN O(/TE SFA/LLONTAI, OU) PARA\ TH\N E)PISTH/-MHN TOU=TO PA/SXOUSIN, A)LLA\ DIA\ TH\N OI)KEI/AN A)FUI/+AN H)\ A)MAQI/AN H)\ KAI\ DIA\ TO\ TH=S E)PISTH/MHS ME/GEQOS, OI( DE\ TEXNI=TAI OU) DIA\ TAU=TA MO/NON A)LLA\ KAI\ DIA\ TH\N TW=N U(PO-KEIME/NWN A)DHLO/THTA SFA/LLOINTO A)/N. @*(ORI/ZONTAI DE\ TH\N ME\N E)PISTH/MHN GNW=SIN A)/PTAISTON, TH\N ME\N GNW=SIN A)NTI\ GE/NOUS LAMBA/NONTES, TO\ DE\ A)/PTAI-STOS W(S EI)DIKH\N DIAFORA/N: MO/NH GA\R H( E)PISTH/MH E)/XEI TO\ A)/PTAISTON KAI\ TO\ A)EI\ TA\ AU)TA\ PERI\ TW=N AU)TW=N GI-NW/SKEIN, OI(=ON H( FILOSOFI/A E)PISTH/MH OU)=SA A)EI\ GINW/-SKEI PERI\ TOU= KAQO/LOU A)NQRW/POU, O(/TI ZW=|O/N E)STI LO-GIKO\N QNHTO\N NOU= KAI\ E)PISTH/MHS DEKTIKO/N, KAI\ OU)DE/-POTE SFA/LLETAI TH=S KATALH/YEWS DIA\ TO\ A)/TREPTON EI)=NAI TO\ U(POKEI/MENON. TINE\S DE\ PROSTIQE/ASI TOU/TOIS, FHMI\ DH\ TW=| "3GNW=SIN A)/PTAISTON"3, TO\ "3TW=N U(POKEIME/NWN AU)TW=| PRAGMA/TWN"3 DIA\ TO\ PERI\ TA\ A)/LLA DUNATO\N TA/XA A)\N KAI\ TAU/THN TH\N E)PISTH/MHN SFA/LLESQAI. _*TH\N DE\ TE/XNHN O(RI/ZONTAI OU(/TWS "3TE/XNH E)STI\ SU/STHMA E)K KATALH/YEWN E)GGEGUMNASME/NWN PRO/S TI TE/LOS EU)/XRHSTON TW=N E)N TW=| BI/W|"3. I)/DION DE\ TAU/THS LE/GOUSI TO\ PA/NTA META\ LO/GOU @1 GINW/SKOUSAN E)/SQ' O(/TE TOU= OI)KEI/OU SKOPOU= KAI\ TOU= TE/-LOUS A)POTUGXA/NEIN KAI\ SFA/LLESQAI DIA\ TH\N TW=N U(PO-KEIME/NWN A)DHLO/THTA. _*TH\N DE\ E)MPEIRI/AN BOU/LONTAI EI)=NAI TRIBH\N A)/LOGON E)K PARATHRH/SEWS GINOME/NHN. I)/DION DE\ AU)TH=S TO\ MHDE\N META\ LO/GOU GINW/SKEIN A)LL' E)K PARA-THRH/SEWS MO/NHS: KAI\ TOU=TO/ E)STIN, W(=|TINI TE/XNHS E)MPEI-RI/A DIAFE/REI, E)PEI\ KATA\ TA\ A)/LLA DIAFERO/NTWS AU)TH=| KOINWNEI=, OI(=ON KATA\ TH\N U(/LHN, KATA\ TA\ O)/RGANA, KATA\ TA\ TE/LH, OI(=ON W(S E)PI\ TOU= LOGIKOU= I)ATROU= KAI\ E)MPEIRIKOU=: U(/LH ME\N GA\R A)MFOTE/ROIS TA\ A)NQRW/PINA SW/MATA, O)/R-GANA DE\ TA\ DI' W(=N E(KA/TEROS E)NERGEI=, TE/LOS H( U(GEI/A. @*)EPEIDH\ TOI/NUN, TI/ DIAFE/ROUSIN A)LLH/LWN E)PISTH/MH KAI\ TE/XNH KAI\ E)MPEIRI/A, EI)/POMEN, I)/DWMEN KAI\ TI/SI XRW=NTAI LO/GOIS OI( LE/GONTES E)PISTH/MHN TH\N R(HTORIKH\N KAI\ POI/OIS OI( LE/GONTES AU)TH\N E)MPEIRI/AN KAI\ DIA\ TI/NWN TH\N NIKW=SAN A)POFE/RONTAI KAT' A)MFOTE/RWN OI( TE/XNHN AU)TH\N EI)=NAI TIQE/MENOI. @*OI( ME\N OU)=N LE/GONTES AU)TH\N E)PISTH/MHN FASI/N, O(/TI I)/DION TH=S E)PISTH/MHS TO\ PERI\ TW=N O)/NTWN W(S O)/NTWN DIA-LE/GESQAI, OI(=ON H(LI/OU U(PE\R GH=N O)/NTOS O(/SON PRO\S H(MA=S H(ME/RA E)STI/N: A)LLA\ KAI\ H( R(HTORIKH\ TOU=TO POIEI=: I)DOU\ GA\R *FILI/PPOU POLEMOU=NTOS *)OLUNQI/OIS W(S PERI\ O)/NTWN DIALE/GETAI *DHMOSQE/NHS. PRO\S TOU/TOIS I)/DION TH=S E)PI-STH/MHS TO\ TW=N KAQO/LOU FRONTI/ZEIN: A)LLA\ KAI\ H( R(HTO-RIKH\ TOU/TWN A)NTE/XETAI: I)DOU\ GA\R KAQO/LOU STOXASMO\N KAI\ O(/RON DIDA/SKEI H(MA=S KAI\ KAQOLIKOU\S TU/POUS PROOI- @1MI/WN KAI\ GENIKA\S I)DE/AS. *FAME\N OU)=N H(MEI=S PRO\S ME\N TO\ PRW=TON AU)TW=N E)PIXEI/RHMA, O(/TI, EI) KAI\ H( E)PISTH/MH KAI\ H( R(HTORIKH\ PERI\ TW=N O)/NTWN W(S O)/NTWN DIALE/GETAI, A)LL' H( ME\N E)PISTH/MH TA\ AU)TA\ PERI\ TW=N AU)TW=N A)EI\ LE/GEI KAI\ OU) PTAI/EI, H( DE\ R(HTORIKH\ OU) MO/NON OU) LE/GEI TA\ AU)TA\ PERI\ TW=N AU)TW=N A)EI/_KAI\ GA\R OU) MO/NON A)LLH/LOUS A)LLA\ KAI\ E(AUTOU\S E)/SQ' O(/TE A)NATRE/POUSIN OI( R(H/TORES, POTE\ ME\N E)N TH=| AU)TH=| U(POQE/SEI TO\N KATH/GORON MELETW=NTES, POTE\ DE\ TO\N FEU/GONTA, KAI\ ME/MYIN H(GOU=NTAI TO\ LE/GEIN E)NQU/MHMA U(F' E(TE/ROU R(HQE\N H)\ TW=| AU)TW=| DI\S XRH/SASQAI _, A)LL' E)/STIN O(/TE KAI\ SFA/LLETAI KAI\ A)POTUGXA/NEI TOU= OI)KEI/OU SKOPOU=, OI(=ON TOU= PEI=SAI. *PRO\S DE\ TO\ DEU/TERON E)PIXEI/RHMA TW=N LEGO/NTWN TH\N R(HTORIKH\N E)PISTH/MHN FAME/N, O(/TI OU)DE\N QAUMASTO/N, E)A\N PERI\ KAQO/LOU STO-XASMOU= KAI\ O(/ROU DIDA/SKH| H( R(HTORIKH/: PA=SA GA\R TE/XNH TOU\S ME\N KANO/NAS E)/XEI KAQOLIKOU/S, TA\ DE\ A)POTELE/S-MATA MERIKA/: W(SAU/TWS OU)=N KAI\ H( R(HTORIKH\ TE/XNH OU)=SA TO\N PERI\ STOXASMOU= LO/GON E)/XEI KAQOLIKO/N, TO\N DE\ *KAT' *AI)SXI/NOU H)\ *KATA\ *TIMA/RXOU MERIKOU\S W(S A)POTELE/S-MATA. E)/TI PRO\S AU)TOU\S KA)KEI=NO LE/GOMEN, O(/TI H( ME\N E)PI-STH/MH A)/TREPTA W(S DE/DEIKTAI E)/XEI TA\ U(POKEI/MENA, H( DE\ R(HTORIKH\ TREPTA/, EI)/ GE KAI\ YUXA\S E)/XEI U(POKEIME/NAS POL-LA\S E)XOU/SAS TA\S KAQ' W(/RAN A)GXISTRO/FOUS METABOLA/S. E)/TI KAI/, O(/TI, W(=N OI( O(/ROI DIA/FOROI, KAI\ AU)TA\ DIA/FORA: E)/STI @1 DE\ E)PISTH/MHS ME\N O(RISMO\S "3GNW=SIS A)/PTAISTOS"3, R(HTORI-KH=S DE\ "3TE/XNH PERI\ LO/GOU DU/NAMIN E)N PRA/GMATI POLITI-KW=|, TE/LOS E)/XOUSA TO\ PIQANW=S EI)PEI=N KATA\ TO\ E)NDEXO/-MENON"3. A)LL' AU(/TH H( A)PO/DEICIS OU)K E)/STIN I)SXURA/: TO\ GA\R ZHTOU/MENON W(S O(MOLOGOU/MENON KAI\ AU)TH\ LAMBA/NEI: ZH-TOUME/NOU GA/R, EI) A)/RA TE/XNH E)STI\N H( R(HTORIKH\ H)\ E)PISTH/-MH, AU(/TH TO\ ZHTOU/MENON W(S O(MOLOGOU/MENON LABOU=SA KAI\ TE/XNHN AU)TH\N PERI\ LO/GOU DU/NAMIN EI)POU=SA E)K TOU/TOU DEI/KNUSI TE/XNHN TH\N R(HTORIKH/N. *)ISTE/ON DE/, W(S E)PI-STH/MHN E)NTAU=QA TH\N A)NTIDIASTELLOME/NHN TH=| TE/XNH| LAM-BA/NOUSIN, OU) TH\N E(TE/RAN, H(/TIS KOINW=S E)PI\ PA/SHS TE/XNHS KAI\ E)PISTH/MHS LAMBA/NETAI. *KAI\ OU(/TW ME\N E)LE/GXONTAI OI( E)PISTH/MHN TH\N R(HTORIKH\N EI)=NAI BOULO/MENOI. @*OI( ME/NTOI E)MPEIRI/AN AU)TH\N EI)=NAI LE/GONTE/S FASIN, O(/TI I)/DION TH=S E)MPEIRI/AS H( TOU= LO/GOU H)/GOUN TH=S AI)TI/AS A)PO-RI/A: A)LLA\ KAI\ TH=S R(HTORIKH=S TOU=TO/ FASIN I)/DION: OU) GA\R DU/NATAI FUSIKO\N LO/GON EI)PEI=N O( R(H/TWR, PO/QEN OI( DIKA-STAI\ XAI/ROUSI TOI=S PROOIMI/OIS H)\ A)/LLW| TINI/. A)/LLWS TE DE\ KAI\ POLLOU/S, FASI/N, E)/XOIMEN A)\N DEI=CAI A)PO\ TH=S PARA-THRH/SEWS TW=N GRAFE/NTWN TOI=S PALAIOI=S R(H/TORSI LO/GWN LO/GOUS ME\N POIOU=NTAS KAI\ AU)TOU\S R(HTORIKA\S MEQO/DOUS E)/XONTAS, MH\ E)/XONTAS DE\ EI)PEI=N AI)TI/AS TW=N MEQO/DWN. *FAME\N DE\ PRO\S TOU/TOUS PRO\S ME\N TO\N PRW=TON AU)TW=N LO/-GON, O(/TI OU) PA/NTAS TOU\S MH\ DUNAME/NOUS FUSIKO\N LO/GON A)PODOU=NAI TOU= PROKEIME/NOU PRA/GMATOS TOU/TOUS KAI\ E)MPEIRI/AN MO/NHN E)/XEIN LE/GOMEN, OU)XI\ DE\ KAI\ TE/XNHN KAI\ @1 E)PISTH/MHN, A)LLA\ TOU\S A(PLW=S LO/GON H)/GOUN AI)TI/AN I(KA-NW=S MH\ E)/XONTAS A)PODOU=NAI: TO\ GA\R PERI\ TW=N FU/SEWN TW=N PRAGMA/TWN FILOSOFEI=N: TOU= FUSIKOU= A)\N EI)/H DH/POU-QEN MO/NOU FILOSO/FOU, E)PEI\ MHDEMI/A TE/XNH H)\ E)PISTH/MH AU)TH\ E(AUTH\N DU/NATAI SUNORA=N. AU)TI/KA GOU=N O( GRAMMATI-KO/S, O(/TI ME\N DIA\ TW=NDE GRAPTE/ON, GINW/SKEI, PO/TERON DE\ DEI= TO/DE GRA/YAI H)\ MH/, OU)K OI)=DE: R(HTORIKH=S GA\R A)\N EI)/H TOU=TO PA/LIN DEO/MENON. OU(/TWS OU)=N KAI\ H( R(HTORIKH/, O(/TI ME\N SUMFE/REI TW=| R(HTOREU/ONTI TO\ PROOIMIA/SASQAI, OI)=DE, TI/NOS DE\ XA/RIN OI( A)KROATAI\ TOI=S PROOIMI/OIS XAI/ROUSIN, OU)K AU)TH=S A)LLA\ TOU= FUSIKOU= E)/STIN EI)PEI=N FILOSO/FOU. *PRO\S DE\ TO\N DEU/TERON AU)TW=N LO/GON FAME/N, O(/TI A)LL' OU)D' H(MEI=S E)KEI/NOUS LE/GOMEN E)/XEIN TE/XNHN R(HTORIKH\N TOU\S E)K YILH=S PARATHRH/SEWS TW=N R(HTORIKW=N LO/GWN DUNAME/NOUS LO/GOUS POIEI=N R(HTORIKOU/S, OU)D' A)\N EI)/POIMEN TH\N E)NOU=SAN TAI=S YUXAI=S AU)TW=N GNW=SIN TW=N R(HTORIKW=N PARATHRHMA/TWN TE/XNHN R(HTORIKH\N A)LL' E)MPEIRI/AN: TOU\S ME/NTOI KAI\ TOU\S KANO/NAS A)PODIDO/NTAS TW=N GRAFOME/NWN E)KEI/NOUS LE/GOMEN TE/XNHN E)/XEIN R(HTORIKH\N KAI\ TH\N E)NOU=-SAN TAI=S YUXAI=S AU)TW=N GNW=SIN TW=N R(HTORIKW=N MEQO/DWN TE/XNHN EI)=NAI A)POFAINO/MEQA. *OU(/TW ME\N OU)=N KAI\ DIA\ TOU/-TWN E)LE/GXOUSIN OI( TE/XNHN TH\N R(HTORIKH\N TIQE/MENOI TOU\S E)PISTH/MHN H)\ E)MPEIRI/AN AU)TH\N EI)=NAI BOULOME/NOUS. @[*DEIXQEI/H D' A)\N TE/XNH OU)=SA H( R(HTORIKH\ KAI\ E)K TOU= @1 TO\N O(RISMO\N TH=S TE/XNHS AU)TH=| A(RMO/ZEIN: E)/STI DE\ O( O(RIS-MO\S TH=S TE/XNHS "3SU/STHMA E)K KATALH/YEWN E)GGEGUMNAS-ME/NWN PRO/S TI TE/LOS EU)/XRHSTON TW=N E)N TW=| BI/W|"3. TA\ AU)TA\ DE\ TAU=TA KAI\ TH=| R(HTORIKH=| A)\N EI)=EN A(RMO/DIA: KAI\ GA\R KAI\ H( R(HTORIKH\ SU/STHMA ME/N E)STI DIA\ TO\ E)K POLLW=N SUGKEI=SQAI KANO/NWN TE KAI\ MEQO/DWN. "3E)K KATALH/YEWN"3 DE\ DIA\ TO\ E)/K TINWN E)PINOH/SEWN TW=N TOIOU/TWN EU)PORH=-SAI KANO/NWN TE KAI\ MEQO/DWN. "3E)GGEGUMNASME/NWN"3 DE\ W(S POLLA/KIS TH\N PEI=RAN DO/NTWN KAI\ DEDOKIMASME/NWN TW=| XRO/NW|. "3PRO/S TI"3 DE\ "3TE/LOS EU)/XRHSTON TW=N E)N TW=| BI/W|"3, KAQO\ YE/GEI ME\N TH\N KAKI/AN, E)GKWMIA/ZEI DE\ TH\N A)RETH/N, KAI\ PROTRE/PEI ME\N E)PI\ TA\ KALA/, A)POTRE/PEI DE\ TW=N FAU/-LWN, KAI\ KATHGOREI= ME\N TW=N A)DIKOU/NTWN, U(PERAPOLO-GEI=TAI DE\ TW=N A)DIKOUME/NWN: TOU/TWN GA\R OU)DE\N A)\N EI)/H EU)XRHSTO/TERON E(/TERON.] @*)/IDWMEN DE\ EI) DOKEI= KAI\ TA\ TOU= *PLA/TWNOS, O(\S KAI\ AU)TO\S E)CEUTELI/ZWN TH\N R(HTORIKH\N POLITIKH=S E)/FH TAU/-THN MORI/OU EI)/DWLON, [KAI\ QEWRH/SWMEN, TI/ BOU/LETAI AU)TW=| SHMAI/NEIN TO\ LEGO/MENON, FHMI\ DH\ TO\ POLITIKH=S [1KAI\]1 MORI/OU EI)/DWLON,] KAI\ DIA\ POI/AN AI)TI/AN W(RMH/QH KAI\ AU)TO\S DIASU=RAI TH\N R(HTORIKH/N, KAI\ PO/QEN E)LE/GXE-TAI KAKW=S AU)TO\S TAU/TH| MEMFO/MENOS. A)LLA\ PRO\ PA/NTWN AU)TAI=S LE/CESI TA\ TOU= *PLA/TWNOS PARAQH/SOMEN, W(S A)\N EU)SU/NOPTON H(MI=N E)NQE/NDE GE/NHTAI TO\ LEGO/MENON. @1 {1*)EK TOU= *GORGI/OU *PLA/TWNOS.}1 @"6*DOKEI= TOI/NUN MOI, W)= *GORGI/A, EI)=NAI/ TI E)PITH/DEUMA TEXNIKO/N, OU) YUXH=S STOXASTIKH=S KAI\ A)NDREI/AS KAI\ FU/-SEI DEINH=S PROSOMILEI=N TOI=S A)NQRW/POIS: KALW= DE\ AU)TOU= E)GW\ TO\ KEFA/LAION KOLAKEI/AN. TAU/THS MOI DOKEI= TH=S E)PITHDEU/SEWS POLLA\ ME\N KAI\ A)/LLA MO/RIA EI)=NAI, E(\N DE\ KAI\ H( O)YOPOIHTIKH/: O(\ DOKEI= ME\N EI)=NAI TE/XNH, W(S DE\ O( E)MO\S LO/GOS, OU)K E)/STI TE/XNH A)LL' E)MPEIRI/A KAI\ TRIBH/. TAU/THS MO/RION KAI\ TH\N R(HTORIKH\N E)GW\ KALW= KAI\ TH/N GE KOMMWTIKH\N KAI\ TH\N SOFISTIKH/N, TE/TTARA E)PI\ TE/TRASI PRA/GMASIN. EI) OU)=N BOU/LETAI *PW=LOS PUNQA/NESQAI, PUN-QANE/SQW: OU) GA/R PW PE/PUSTAI, O(POI=O/N FHMI E)GW\ TH=S KOLAKEI/AS MO/RION EI)=NAI TH\N R(HTORIKH/N, A)LL' AU)TO\N LE/LHQA OU)/PW A)POKEKRIME/NOS, O(\ DE\ E)PANERWTA=|, EI) OU) KALO\N H(GOU=MAI TH\N R(HTORIKH/N, PRI\N A)\N PRW=TON A)POKRI/-NWMAI O(/ E)STIN: OU) GA\R DI/KAION, W)= *PW=LE: A)LL' EI)/PER BOU/LEI PUNQA/NESQAI, E)RW/TA, O(POI=ON MO/RION TH=S KOLA-KEI/AS FHMI\ TH\N R(HTORIKH/N. _*PW=LOS: E)RWTW= OU)=N KAI\ A)PO/KRINAI, O(POI=ON MO/RION. _[2*SWKRA/THS:]2 A)=R' OU)=N A)\N @1 MA/QOIS A)POKRINOME/NOU; E)/STI GA\R H( R(HTORIKH\ POLITIKH=S MORI/OU EI)/DWLON. _*PW=LOS: TI/ OU)=N; KALO\N H)\ AI)SXRO\N LE/GEIS AU)TH\N EI)=NAI; _*SWKRA/THS: AI)SXRO\N E)/GWGE: TA\ GA\R KAKA\ AI)SXRA\ KALW=. _*GORGI/AS: MA\ TO\N *DI/A, W)= *SW/KRATES, A)LL' E)/GWGE OU)D' AU)TO\S SUNI/HMI O(\ LE/GEIS. _ *SWKRA/THS: EI)KO/TWS GE, W)= *GORGI/A: OU)DE\N GA/R PW SA-FE\S LE/GW, *PW=LOS DE\ O(/DE NE/OS E)STI\ KAI\ O)CU/S. _*GOR-GI/AS: A)LLA\ TOU=TON ME\N E)/A, E)MOI\ DE\ EI)PE/, PW=S LE/GEIS POLITIKH=S MORI/OU EI)/DWLON TH\N R(HTORIKH/N. _*SWKRA/THS: A)LL' E)GW\ PEIRA/SOMAI FRA/SAI, O(/ GE/ MOI FAI/NETAI EI)=NAI R(HTORIKH/: EI) DE\ MH\ TUGXA/NEI O)\N TOU=TO, *PW=LOS O(/DE E)LE/GCEI. SW=MA/ POU KALEI=S TI KAI\ YUXH/N; _*GORGI/AS: PW=S GA\R OU)/; _*SWKRA/THS: KAI\ TOU/TWN OI)/EI TINA\ EI)=NAI E(KATE/RWN EU)ECI/AN; _*GORGI/AS: E)/GWGE. _*SWKRA/THS: TI/ DAI/; DOKOU=SAN ME\N EU)ECI/AN, OU)=SAN DE\ OU)/; OI(=ON TOIO/NDE LE/GW: POLLOI\ DOKOU=SIN EU)= E)/XEIN TA\ SW/MATA, W(S OU)K A)\N R(A|-DI/WS AI)/SQOITO/ TIS, W(S OU)K EU)= E)/XOUSIN, A)LL' H)\ I)ATRO/S TE KAI\ TW=N GUMNASTIKW=N TIS. _*GORGI/AS: A)LHQH= LE/GEIS. _ *SWKRA/THS: TO\ TOIOU=TON LE/GW KAI\ E)N SW/MATI EI)=NAI, O(\ KAI\ E)N YUXH=|, O(\ POIEI= ME\N EU)= E)/XEIN TO\ SW=MA KAI\ TH\N YUXH/N, @1 E)/XEI DE\ OU)DE\N MA=LLON. FE/RE DE/ SOI, E)A\N DU/NWMAI, SA-FE/STERON E)PIDEI/CW, O(\ LE/GW. DUOI=N O)/NTWN PRAGMA/TWN DU/O TE/XNAS LE/GW: TH\N ME\N OU)=N E)PI\ TH=| YUXH=| POLITIKH\N KALW=, TH\N DE\ E)PI\ TW=| SW/MATI MI/AN ME\N OU(/TWS O)NOMA/SAI OU)K E)/XW SOI, MIA=S DE\ OU)/SHS TH=S TOU= SW/MATOS QERAPEI/AS DU/O MO/RIA LE/GW, TH\N ME\N GUMNASTIKH/N, TH\N DE\ I)ATRIKH/N: TH=S DE\ POLITIKH=S A)NTI/STROFON ME\N TH=| GUMNASTIKH=| TH\N NOMO-QETIKH/N, A)NTI/STROFON DE\ TH=| I)ATRIKH=| TH\N DIKASTIKH/N. E)PI-KOINWNOU=SI ME\N DH\ A)LLH/LAIS A(/TE PERI\ TO\ AU)TO\ OU)=SA E(KATE/RA TOU/TWN H(/ TE I)ATRIKH\ TH=| GUMNASTIKH=| KAI\ H( DIKASTIKH\ TH=| NOMOQETIKH=|: O(/MWS DE\ DIAFE/ROUSIN A)LLH/-LWN. TETTA/RWN DE\ TOU/TWN OU)SW=N KAI\ A)EI\ PRO\S TO\ BE/L-TISTON QERAPEUOUSW=N TW=N ME\N TO\ SW=MA, TW=N DE\ TH\N YU-XH/N, H( KOLAKEUTIKH\ AI)SQOME/NH, OU) GNOU=SA LE/GW A)LLA\ STOXASAME/NH, TE/TRAXA E(AUTH\N DIANEI/MASA, U(PODU=SA E(/KA-STON TW=N MORI/WN, PROSPOIEI=TAI EI)=NAI TOIOU=TON O(/PER U(PE/DU, KAI\ TOU= ME\N BELTI/STOU OU)DE\N FRONTI/ZEI, TW=| DE\ H(DI/STW| QHREU/EI TH\N A)/NOIAN KAI\ E)CAPATA=|, W(/STE DOKEI=N PLEI/STOU A)CI/AN EI)=NAI. U(PO\ ME\N OU)=N TH\N I)ATRIKH\N H( O)YO-POIHTIKH\ U(PODE/DUKE, KAI\ PROSPOIEI=TAI TA\ BE/LTISTA SITI/A TW=| SW/MATI EI)DE/NAI. KOLAKEI/AN ME\N OU)=N AU)TH\N KALW= KAI\ AI)SXRO/N FHMI TO\ TOIOU=TON EI)=NAI, W)= *PW=LE_TOU=TO GA\R @1 PRO\S SE\ LE/GW_, O(/TI TOU= H(DE/OS STOXA/ZETAI A)/NEU TOU= BELTI/STOU: TE/XNHN DE\ AU)TH\N OU)/ FHMI EI)=NAI A)LL' E)MPEI-RI/AN, O(/TI OU)K E)/XEI LO/GON OU)DE/NA W(=N PROSFE/REI, O(POI=A A)/TTA TH\N FU/SIN E)STI/N, W(/STE TH\N AI)TI/AN E(KA/STOU MH\ E)/XEIN EI)PEI=N. E)GW\ DE\ TE/XNHN OU) KALW=, O(\ A)\N H)=| A)/LOGON PRA=GMA. TOU/TWN DE\ PE/RI EI) A)MFISBHTEI=S, E)QE/LW U(POSXEI=N LO/GON. TH=| ME\N OU)=N I)ATRIKH=|, W(/SPER LE/GW, H( O)YOPOIHTIKH\ KOLA-KEI/A U(PO/KEITAI: TH=| DE\ GUMNASTIKH=| KATA\ TO\N AU)TO\N TRO/PON H( KOMMWTIKH/, KAKOU=RGOS KAI\ A)PATHLH/, A)GENNH\S KAI\ A)NE-LEU/QEROS, SXH/MASI KAI\ XRW/MASI KAI\ LEIO/THSI KAI\ E)SQH=TI A)PATW=SA, W(/STE POIEI=N A)LLO/TRION KA/LLOS, E)FELKOME/NH TOU= OI)KEI/OU DIA\ GUMNASTIKH=S A)MELEI=N. I(/NA OU)=N MH\ MA-KROLOGW=, E)QE/LW SOI EI)PEI=N W(/SPER OI( GEWME/TRAI_H)/DH GA\R A)\N I)/SWS A)KOLOUQH/SAIS_, O(/TI O(\ KOMMWTIKH\ PRO\S GUMNASTIKH/N, TOU=TO SOFISTIKH\ PRO\S NOMOQETIKH/N, KAI\ O(\ PRO\S I)ATRIKH\N O)YOPOIHTIKH/, TOU=TO R(HTORIKH\ PRO\S DI-KASTIKH/N."6 @*TH\N ME\N OU)=N TW=N LEGOME/NWN E)/NNOIAN DI' AU)TW=N TW=N TOU= *PLA/TWNOS FANERA\N OI)=MAI GEGENH=SQAI: I)/DWMEN DE\ KAI\ TH\N AI)TI/AN, DI' H(\N PRO\S TH\N TAU/THS O( FILO/SOFOS W(R-MH/QH KATHGORI/AN. TINE\S ME\N OU)=N FASIN, O(/TI DIA\ TO\ TH\N ME\N E(AUTOU= DIATRIBH\N A)POKENOUME/NHN H)/DH O(RA=N, TH\N DE\ TW=N R(HTO/RWN AU)CANOME/NHN: E(/TEROI DE/ FASIN, O(/TI TO\N H(/TTW LO/GON KA)NTAU=QA GUMNA/ZWN TOU=TO PEPOI/HKEN, O(\ KAI\ AU)TO\ TH=S R(HTORIKH=S E)/RGON E)STI/N, W(S E)N TW=| *PERI\ @1 TW=N STA/SEWN BIBLI/W| E)N TW=| PERI\ E(TERORREPOU=S LO/GW| MANQA/NOMEN. @*LEI/PETAI LOIPO\N KAI\ TW=N TOU= *PLA/TWNOS LO/GWN E)PA-GAGEI=N TO\N E)/LEGXON. E)LE/GXETAI ME\N DH\ SUKOFANTW=N KAI\ MA/THN E)KFAULI/ZWN TH\N R(HTORIKH\N E)K TOU= TAU/THN A)SPA/-ZESQAI KAI\ FILOTIMEI=SQAI TAU/TH| MA=LLON TW=N A)/LLWN H)/PER TOI=S LOIPOI=S DIAFE/REIN: PROSE/TI GE MH\N KAI\ E)K TOU= TAI=S TH=S R(HTORIKH=S XRH=SQAI MEQO/DOIS TH\N R(HTORIKH\N DIA-BA/LLWN: E)/TI DE\ KAI\ E)C E(TE/RWN POLLW=N, A(\ TOU\S *(UPE\R TH=S R(HTORIKH=S TOU= *)ARISTEI/DOU METIO/NTES LO/GOUS EU(RH/SO-MEN. @*AU(=TAI ME\N OU)=N AI( KATA\ TH=S LE/CEWS FERO/MENAI A)PORI/AI TH=S A)NTI\ GE/NOUS TEQEIME/NHS E)N TW=| O(RISMW=| TW=| LE/GONTI TH\N R(HTORIKH\N "3<20TE/XNHN>20 PERI\ LO/GOU DU/NAMIN E)N PRA/GMATI POLITIKW=|, TE/LOS E)/XOUSAN TO\ PIQANW=S EI)PEI=N KATA\ TO\ E)NDE-XO/MENON"3 KAI\ AI( TW=N A)PORHMA/TWN LU/SEIS. @*)/IDWMEN DE\ KAI\ TA\ PRO\S TA\ E)FECH=S TW=N E)N TW=| O(RISMW=| A)POROU/MENA. ZHTOU=SI DH/ TINES, PERI\ POI/OU LO/GOU DU/NA-MIN O(RA=TAI H( R(HTORIKH\ KAI\ A)PO\ POI/OU LO/GOU LOGIKH\ TE/XNH AU(/TH LE/GETAI. A)LLA\ PRO\ TOU= TH=S ZHTH/SEWS TAU/THS TH\N LU/SIN E)PAGAGEI=N A(RMO/DION TA\ SHMAINO/MENA TOU= LO/GOU KATARIQMH/SASQAI_E)/STI GA\R O(MW/NUMOS FWNH\ O( LO/-GOS_, EI)=Q' OU(/TW PERI\ POI=A TW=N SHMAINOME/NWN H( R(HTO-RIKH\ KATAGI/NETAI PARASTH=SAI. O( TOI/NUN LO/GOS E)STI\ DIT-TO/S, O(/ TE DHMIOURGIKO\S KAI\ O( KAQ' H(MA=S. KAI\ PERI\ ME\N @1 TOU= DHMIOURGIKOU= OU)DEI\S H(MI=N LO/GOS KALW=S TOI=S FILOSO/-FOIS EI)RHME/NOU "3TI/ ME\N GA/R E)STI TO\ QEI=ON OU)K I)/SMEN, TI/ D' OU)K E)/STIN E)PISTA/MEQA: E)C A)POFA/SEWS GA/R, OU)K E)K KATAFA/SEWS TA\ TOU= QEI/OU GINW/SKOMEN"3. O( DE\ KAQ' H(MA=S LO/GOS DITTO/S E)STIN, O(/ TE E)NDIA/QETOS, KAQ' O(\N BOULEUO/-MEQA, KAI\ O( PROFORIKO/S, KAQ' O(\N FQEGGO/MEQA. *(ORI/-ZONTAI DE\ TO\N ME\N E)NDIA/QETON E)/NNOIAN A)NQRWPI/NHN, KAQ' H(\N H(MI=N PERIGI/NETAI TO\ TI/ XRH\ LE/GEIN H)\ TI/ XRH\ PRA/TTEIN, TH\N ME\N E)/NNOIAN A)NTI\ GE/NOUS LAMBA/NONTES, TA\ DE\ LOIPA\ A)NTI\ DIAFORW=N. TINE\S DE\ KAI\ OU(/TWS AU)TO\N O(RI/ZONTAI "3E)N-DIA/QETO/S E)STI LO/GOS E(/CIS YUXH=S A)NQRW/POU, KAQ' H(\N LOGI-KOI/ E)SMEN"3, TH\N ME\N E(/CIN W(S GE/NOS TIQE/NTES_E)/XEI GA\R PA/NTA TA\ ZW=|A E(/CIN TINA\ FUSIKH/N_, E)PEIDH\ DE\ E)/STI KAI\ SW/MATOS E(/CIS, H)\ I)SXU/OS H)\ EI)/DOUS H)/ TINOS TOIOU/TOU, PROS-E/QHKAN "3YUXH=S"3: KAI\ A)PODIISTW=NTES TW=N A)LO/GWN ZW/|WN_ KA)KEI=NA GA\R E)/XEI YUXH=S E(/CIN, W(S QUMIKO\S ME\N O( LE/WN, NWQH\S DE\ O( O)/NOS_, PROSE/QHKAN "3KAQ' H(\N LOGIKOI/ E)SMEN"3, TO\ I)/DION TOU= A)NQRW/POU DIORIZO/MENOI. *TO\N DE\ PROFORIKO\N O(RI/ZONTAI OU(/TWS "3PROFORIKO/S E)STI LO/GOS DH/LWSIS E)NNOI/AS A)NQRW/POU DIA\ FWNH=S E)NA/RQROU"3, TH\N ME\N DH/LWSIN GE/-NOS H(GOU/MENOI, E)PEIDH\ DE\ KAI\ PRAGMA/TWN E)/STI DH/LWSIS, PROSQE/NTES TO\ "3E)NNOI/AS A)NQRW/POU"3, KAI\ E)PEIDH\ E)/STI PA/LIN @1 A)NQRW/POU E)NNOI/AS DH/LWSIS KAI\ DI' O)RXH/SEWS, TO\ "3DIA\ FWNH=S"3 PROSQE/NTES. I(/N' OU)=N KAI\ A)PO\ TW=N A)SHMA/NTWN FW-NW=N TO\N PROFORIKO\N DIASTEI/LWSI LO/GON_KAI\ STENA/ZWN GA/R TIS KAI\ KAGXA/ZWN DHLOI= TH\N E(AUTOU= E)/NNOIAN DIA\ FW-NH=S, A)LL' OU)K A)SHMA/NTOU_, PROSE/QHKAN TO\ "3E)NA/RQROU"3. *)/ESTI DE\ KAI\ PRW=TOS TH=| FU/SEI O( E)NDIA/QETOS TOU= PROFO-RIKOU=, E)PEI\ KAI\ SUNANAIREI= ME\N AU)TO/N, OU) SUNANAIREI=TAI DE/: O( ME\N GA\R E)NDIA/QETOS XWRI\S TOU= PROFORIKOU= DU/NATAI SUSTH=NAI, O( DE\ PROFORIKO\S XWRI\S AU)TOU= SUSTH=NAI OU) DU/NATAI, PRW=TA DE\ TH=| FU/SEI A)EI\ LE/GETAI EI)=NAI TA\ SUN-ANAIROU=NTA KAI\ MH\ SUNANAIROU/MENA: TOU/TW| GA\R TW=| LO/GW| KAI\ TO\ ZW=|ON PRW=TON LE/GETAI TOU= A)NQRW/POU, E)PEIDH\ A)NAI-ROU/MENON TO\ ZW=|ON SUNANAIREI= TO\N A)/NQRWPON: ZW/|OU GA\R MH\ O)/NTOS OU)DE\ A)/NQRWPOS E)/STIN, O( DE\ A)/NQRWPOS A)NAIROU/MENOS OU) SUNANAIREI= TO\ ZW=|ON: DU/NATAI GA\R EI)=NAI TO\ ZW=|ON KAI\ A)NQRW/POU MH\ O)/NTOS. @*)ALL' I(/NA PRO\S TO\ E)C A)RXH=S E)PANE/LQWMEN, TOSOU/TWN TW=N SHMAINOME/NWN O)/NTWN TOU= LO/GOU, ZHTEI=TAI, A)PO\ POI/OU TOU/TWN LOGIKH\ TE/XNH PARWNO/MASTAI H( R(HTORIKH/, A)PO\ TOU= PROFORIKOU= H)\ TOU= E)NDIAQE/TOU, O(/QEN KAI\ O( A)/NQRWPOS LE/GETAI LOGIKO/S: KATA\ GA\R TO\N E)NDIA/QETON PA/NTES H(MEI=S LEGO/MEQA LOGIKOI/, EI)/ GE KAI\ KAQEU/DONTES KAI\ SIWPW=NTES LOGIKOI\ LEGO/MEQA, KAI\ O( *PUQAGO/RAS DE\ LOGIKO\S E)LE/GETO TOSOU=TON XRO/NON SIWPH\N A)SKH/SAS. *FAME\N OU)=N, O(/TI E(KA-TE/RWQEN H( R(HTORIKH\ LOGIKH\ TE/XNH LE/GETAI, A)PO/ TE TOU= PROFORIKOU= KAI\ TOU= E)NDIAQE/TOU: A)PO\ ME\N TOU= E)NDIAQE/TOU, @1 KAQO\ KOSMEI= AU)TO\N KATA\ TH\N EU(/RESIN TW=N E)PIXEIRHMA/TWN KAI\ TW=N NOHMA/TWN, EI)/ GE O( E)NDIA/QETOS TH\N TOU/TWN E)KLH/RWSEN EU(/RESIN, A)PO\ DE\ TOU= PROFORIKOU=, KAQO\ KAI\ AU)TO\N KOSMEI= XARIZOME/NH TO\ EU)FRADW=S KAI\ EU)RU/QMWS LE/GEIN, EI)/PER KAI\ AU)TO\S TH\N TW=N LE/CEWN SUNQH/KHN KAI\ EU)RUQMI/AN E)KLH/RWSE: TO\N AU)TO\N DE\ TOU=TON LO/GON KOSMEI= KAI\ H( GRAMMATIKH\ TO\ A)/PTAISTON AU)TW=| PARE/-XOUSA, DI' H(=S TOU\S BARBARISMOU\S KAI\ SOLOIKISMOU\S E)KFEU/GOMEN. @"3*)EN PRA/GMATI POLITIKW=|"3. KAI\ TOU/TW| ME/MFONTAI/ TINES: OU)K E)/DEI GA/R, FASI/N, "3E)N PRA/GMATI POLITIKW=|"3 EI)RH=SQAI A)LLA\ "3KAI\ PANTI\ I)ATRIKW=| KAI\ FUSIKW=| KAI\ MAQHMATIKW=| KAI\ A(PLW=S E)N O(/LOIS TOI=S DIA\ LO/GWN LEGOME/NOIS"3: TAU=TA GA\R PA/NTA PARALABW\N O( R(H/TWR KAI\ TA/CEI KAI\ OI)KONO-MH/SEI KAI\ E(RMHNEU/SEI KATA\ TO\ PROSH=KON. H(MEI=S DE/ FAMEN, O(/TI W(S I)DIAI/TATON TOU=TO TOU= R(H/TOROS E)NTAU=QA PARA-LAMBA/NETAI: MO/NOU GA\R R(H/TOROS TO\ PERI\ TW=N POLITIKW=N DIALE/GESQAI. @*)ALL' E)PEIDH\ TH\N ME\N PERI\ TOU= EI) E)/STI R(HTORIKH\ ZH/TH-SIN E)CETA/ZONTES OU)=SAN TH\N R(HTORIKH\N A)PEDEI/CAMEN KAI\ TH\N PERI\ TOU= TI/ E)STI PA/LIN ZHTOU=NTES TO\N AU)TH=S O(/RON A)PO-DEDW/KAMEN, W(S PARA\ TOU=TO KAI\ TO\ O(POI=O/N TI/ E)STI R(H-TORIKH\ A)PODEDEI=XQAI, I)TE/ON LOIPO\N KAI\ E)PI\ TO\ TE/TAR-TON TW=N ZHTOUME/NWN, O(/PER DH\ KAI\ MO/NON A)NECE/TASTON @1 U(POLE/LEIPTAI, E)/STI DE\ TOU=TO TO\ DIA\ TI/ E)STI. ZHTHTE/ON TOI/NUN, DIA\ TI/ E)STI R(HTORIKH/. FAME\N DH/, O(/TI DI' E)KEI=NA/ E)STIN H( R(HTORIKH\ TA\ O)/NTWS QEI=A KAI\ QAUMASTA/, KAI\ DI' W(=N TO\N QEO\N AU)TO\N MIMEI=SQAI PEPLOUTH/KAMEN, FHMI\ DH\ DIA\ TO\ TW=N ME\N KALW=N PROTRE/PEIN A)NTE/XESQAI, TW=N DE\ KAKW=N A)PE/XESQAI, E)/TI DIA\ TO\ TOU\S ME\N FAU/LOUS TIMW-REI=N, TOU\S DE\ A)GAQOU\S STEFANOU=N, PRO\S E)PI\ TOU/TOIS KAI\ DIA\ TO\ TOU\S ME\N PONHROU\S YO/GWN A)CIOU=N, TOU\S DE\ XRHSTOU\S E)GKWMI/WN. @*EI)PO/NTES OU)=N PRW=TON, TI/NA TA\ E)/RGA TH=S R(HTORIKH=S KAI\ TI/ TO\ TE/LOS AU)TH=S KAI\ PO/QEN PARWNO/MASTAI R(HTO-RIKH/, ZHTH/SWMEN TA\ EI)WQO/TA ZHTEI=SQAI KEFA/LAIA PRO\ PANTO\S TEXNIKOU= SUGGRA/MMATOS. *)/ERGA ME\N OU)=N E)STI TO\ ZHTEI=N PRW=TON, EI) R(HTORIKO/N E)STI TO\ PRO/BLHMA H)\ OU)/: E)/STI GA/R TINA KAI\ I)ATRIKA\ ZHTH/MATA, W(S O(/TE ZHTEI=TAI, DIA\ TI/ TA\ ME\N E(PTA/MHNA BRE/FH ZW=SI, TA\ DE\ O)KTA/MHNA OU)/, KAI\ FI-LO/SOFA PA/LIN, W(S O(/TE ZHTEI=TAI, EI) O( OU)RANO\S SFAIROEI-DW=S KINEI=TAI. DE/ON OU)=N ZHTH=SAI, EI) R(HTORIKO/N E)STI TO\ PRO/-BLHMA H)\ OU)\ KAI\ EI) [R(HTORIKO\N] SUNI/STATAI H)\ OU)/_POLLA\ GA/R EI)SI DOKOU=NTA ME\N SUNI/STASQAI, OU) SUNI/STANTAI DE/_, KAI\ EI) SUNI/STATAI, POI/AS A)/RA E)STI\ STA/SEWS, STOXASMOU= H)\ O(/ROU H)\ A)NTILH/YEWS. EI)=TA META\ TO\ NOH=SAI TAU=TA PRO- @1OIMIA/SASQAI KATA\ TOU\S A(RMO/ZONTAS TW=| PROBLH/MATI TW=N PROOIMI/WN TU/POUS, DIHGH/SASQAI, A)GWNI/SASQAI TA\ A(R-MO/ZONTA KEFA/LAIA EU(RO/NTA KAI\ TA\S KATASKEUA\S TOU= KAQ' E(/KASTON TW=N KEFALAI/WN, PRO\S TOU/TOIS E)PILOGI/SASQAI. TOU/TWN DE/ FASIN EU(RETH\N PRW=TON GENE/SQAI TO\N *KO/RAKA, A)/RTI TO\N DH=MON E)K TH=S A)GRI/OU TURANNI/DOS E)KEI/NHS PARA-LABO/NTA KAI\ SUGKEXUME/NON EU(RO/NTA, KAI\ I(/NA ME\N TO\ QO-RUBOU=N PAU/SH| KAI\ PEI/SH| PROSE/XEIN, TOU\S TW=N PROOIMI/WN TU/POUS E)PINOH/SANTA, I(/NA DE\ KAI\ PERI\ TOU= PRA/GMATOS SAFW=S DIDA/CH| KAI\ PIQANW=S KAI\ SUNTO/MWS, TH\N DIH/GHSIN E)PIKATANOH/SANTA, I(/NA DE\ KAI\ PERI\ W(=N BOU/LETAI PEI/SH| KAI\ A)POTRE/YH| H)\ E)PITRE/YH|, TOI=S A)GW=SI XRHSA/MENON, I(/NA DE\ KAI\ TW=N KAIRIWTE/RWN A)NAMNH/SH|, PLHRW/SH| DE\ KAI\ PA/QOUS TOU\S DIKASTA\S H)\ TOU\S BOULEUTA/S, KAI\ TOU\S E)PILO/GOUS KATA-STHSA/MENON. *TINE\S DE/ FASIN E)/RGA TH=S R(HTORIKH=S EI)=NAI TO\ PROOIMIA/SASQAI PRO\S EU)/NOIAN H)\ PROSOXH\N H)\ EU)MA/-QEIAN, TO\ DIHGH/SASQAI PRO\S SAFH/NEIAN, TO\ PRO\S PI/STIN A)GWNI/SASQAI, TO\ PRO\S A)NA/MNHSIN E)PILOGI/SASQAI: OI(=S KAI\ ME/MFETAI O( *GEWME/TRHS W(S TA)=LLA H)GNOHKO/SIN, O(/SA KA)N TOI=S PROOIMI/OIS KA)N TAI=S DIHGH/SESI KAI\ TOI=S A)/LLOIS TOI=S TEXNI/TAIS E)PINENO/HTAI. *KAI\ TAU=TA ME\N E)/RGA TH=S R(HTORI-KH=S. @*TE/LOS DE\ OU) TO\ PEI=SAI A)LLA\ TO\ PIQANW=S EI)PEI=N MHDE\N TW=N E)NDEXOME/NWN PARALIPO/NTA. A)/LLOI DE\ LE/GOUSIN, O(/TI TE/LOS E)STI\ TH=S R(HTORIKH=S H( PEIQW/, H( DE\ PI/STIS O)/RGANON: @1 W(S GA\R A)/LLO, FASI/N, E)STI\ QE/MA KAI\ A)/LLO QEMATIKO/N, OU(/TW KAI\ A)/LLO PI/STIS KAI\ A)/LLO PEISTIKO/N. @*(RHTORIKH\ DE\ LE/GETAI H)/TOI A)PO\ TOU= R(U/DHN H)/GOUN A)FQO/-NWS LE/GEIN H)\ KAI\ A)PO\ TOU= SUNHGOREI=N TOI=S NO/MOIS: R(H/TRAS GA\R E)KA/LOUN OI( PALAIOI\ TOU\S NO/MOUS. @$10[*EI)PO/NTES OU)=N PRW=TON, TI/ TO\ E)/RGON TH=S R(HTORIKH=S KAI\ TI/ TO\ TE/LOS AU)TH=S KAI\ PO/QEN PARWNO/MASTAI R(HTORIKH/, ZHTH/SWMEN E)/PEITA TA\ EI)WQO/TA ZHTEI=SQAI KEFA/LAIA PRO\ PANTO\S TEXNIKOU= SUGGRA/M-MATOS. E)/RGON ME\N OU)=N TH=S R(HTORIKH=S TO\ E)N TW=| PROBLHQE/NTI ZHTH/-MATI NOH=SAI TA\ DE/ONTA KAI\ OI)KONOMH=SAI KALW=S KAI\ E(RMHNEU=SAI A)/RISTA. PRW=TON DE\ DEI= PROOIMIA/SASQAI PRO\S EU)/NOIAN, EI)=TA PRO\S MI=SOS, DEU/TERON DE\ DIHGH/SASQAI PRO\S SAFH/NEIAN, TRI/TON A)GWNI/-SASQAI PRO\S A)PO/DEICIN KAI\ PI/STIN, KAI\ TE/TARTON A)NAKEFALAIW/SA-SQAI PRO\S A)NA/MNHSIN. *TE/LOS DE\ TH=S R(HTORIKH=S OU) TO\ PEI=SAI A)LLA\ TO\ PIQANW=S EI)PEI=N KAI\ MHDE\N TW=N E)NDEXOME/NWN PARALIPEI=N. A)/LLOI DE\ LE/GOUSI "3TO\ TE/LOS TH=S R(HTORIKH=S H( PEIQW/, H( DE\ PI/STIS O)/RGANO/N E)STIN"3: W(S GA\R A)/LLO E)STI\ R(H=MA KAI\ A)/LLO R(HMATIKO\N KAI\ A)/LLO QE/MA KAI\ A)/LLO QEMATIKO/N, OU(/TW KAI\ A)/LLO PI/STIS KAI\ A)/LLO PEI-STIKO/N. _*(RHTORIKH\ DE\ LE/GETAI H)/TOI A)PO\ TOU= R(U/DHN LE/GEIN H)\ A)PO\ TOU= SUNHGOREI=N TOI=S NO/MOIS: R(H/TRAS GA\R E)KA/LOUN, W(S PRO-EI/POMEN, OI( PALAIOI\ TOU\S NO/MOUS.]$ @*)/ELQWMEN LOIPO\N KAI\ E)PI\ TH\N TW=N POLUQRULH/TWN KE-FALAI/WN ZH/THSIN O)KTW\ TO\N A)RIQMO/N, W(/S FASI, TUGXA-NO/NTWN. E)/STI DE\ TAU=TA: O( SKOPO/S, TO\ XRH/SIMON, TO\ GNH/-SION, H( TA/CIS TH=S A)NAGNW/SEWS, H( AI)TI/A TH=S E)PIGRAFH=S, H( EI)S TA\ ME/RH DIAI/RESIS, O( DIDASKALIKO\S TRO/POS, KAI\ A)NTI\ TH=S U(PO\ TI/ ME/ROS A)NAFORA=S, H(/TIS E)N TOI=S KATA\ FILO- @1SOFI/AN W(S E)PI\ TO\ POLU\ EI)/WQE ZHTEI=SQAI SUGGRA/MMASI, TO\ DIA\ TI/ PROTETI/MHTAI TW=N A)/LLWN O( *)AFQO/NIOS TW=N PERI\ R(HTORIKW=N PROGUMNASMA/TWN DIALABO/NTWN. @*)/ELQWMEN DH\ E)PI\ TO\ PRW=TON KEFA/LAION, TO\ DE\ H)=N O( SKOPO/S: SKOPO\S TOI/NUN E)STI\ TW=| *)AFQONI/W| E)N TH=| TW=N *PROGUMNASMA/TWN U(POQE/SEI PROASKH=SAI KAI\ PROEQI/SAI H(MA=S EI)S TA\ KATA\ TH\N R(HTORIKH\N EI)/DH KAI\ ME/RH, E)/TI DE\ KAI\ EI)S TA\ TOU= POLITIKOU= LO/GOU ME/RH. TI/NA DE/ EI)SI TA\ KATA\ TH\N R(HTORIKH\N EI)/DH KAI\ ME/RH KAI\ TI/NA TA\ TOU= POLITI-KOU= LO/GOU ME/RH, O)FEI/LOMEN PRW=TON MAQEI=N, EI)=Q' OU(/TWS ZHTH=SAI, PW=S DIA\ TW=N PROGUMNASMA/TWN EI)S TA\ TOIAU=TA PROGUMNAZO/MEQA KAI\ PAIDEUO/MEQA. W(S A)\N DE\ A)KRIBE/STE-RON, TI/NA TA\ TH=S R(HTORIKH=S EI)/DH KAI\ ME/RH, SUNI/DWMEN, A)/NWQE/N POQEN TH=S DIAIRE/SEWS A)RCW/MEQA. @*(H POIO/THS E)STI\ ME\N KAI\ AU)TH\ GENIKW/TATON GE/NOS, U(PO\ DE\ TAU/THN E)STI\N E(/CIS KAI\ DIA/QESIS, U(PO\ DE\ TH\N E(/CIN E)PI-STH/MH KAI\ A)RETH/, U(PO\ DE\ TH\N E)PISTH/MHN TE/XNH KAI\ H( O(MW/NUMOS TW=| GE/NEI E)PISTH/MH, U(PO\ DE\ TH\N TE/XNHN LOGIKH\ TE/XNH KAI\ PRAKTIKH/. H( OU)=N LOGIKH\ TE/XNH H)\ PERI\ TO/NOUS KAI\ PNEU/MATA KATAGI/NETAI KAI\ TOIAU=TA/ TINA KAI\ POIEI= TH\N GRAMMATIKH/N, H)\ PERI\ POLITIKA\ PRA/GMATA KAI\ POIEI= TH\N R(HTORIKH/N, H)\ PERI\ PA/NTA E)P' I)/SHS KAI\ POIEI= TH\N DIALEKTIKH/N. @1 @*(H TOI/NUN R(HTORIKH\ DIAIREI=TAI EI)S EI)/DH TRI/A, EI)S TO\ SUM-BOULEUTIKO/N, EI)S TO\ DIKANIKO\N KAI\ EI)S TO\ PANHGURIKO/N, E)PEIDH\ KAI\ OI( A)KROATAI\ H)\ DIKASO/MENOI SUNELHLU/QASIN H)\ SUMBOULEUSO/MENOI H)\ PANHGURI/SONTES. A)/LLWS TE DE\ E)/DEI TH\N R(HTORIKH\N SUNELQOU=SAN TH=| TOU= A)NQRW/POU YUXH=| EI)S A)NALOGOU=NTA DIAIREQH=NAI TOI=S ME/RESI TH=S YUXH=S. E)/STI DE\ ME/RH TH=S YUXH=S LOGIKO/N, QUMIKO\N KAI\ E)PIQUMHTI-KO/N. A)NALOGEI= OU)=N TW=| ME\N LOGIKW=| TO\ SUMBOULEUTIKO/N: W(/SPER GA\R O( LO/GOS E)STI\N E)N H(MI=N DIA\ TO\ KUBERNA=N H(MA=S E)PI\ TA\ XRHSTA/, OU(/TW KAI\ TO\ SUMBOULEUTIKO\N A)PO\ ME\N TW=N A)XRH/STWN A)POTRE/PEI H(MA=S, EI)S DE\ TA\ XRHSTA\ DI-EGEI/REI. TW=| DE\ QUMIKW=| A)NALOGEI= TO\ DIKANIKO/N: FASI\ GA\R EI)=NAI QUMO\N ZE/SIN TOU= PERIKARDI/OU AI(/MATOS PRO\S O)/RECIN A)NTILUPH/SEWS: O(MOI/WS DE\ KAI\ TO\ DIKANIKO/N E)STIN @"6A)/NDR' E)PAMU/NASQAI, O(/TE TIS PRO/TEROS XALEPH/NH|"6. TO\ DE\ PANHGURIKO\N A)NALOGEI= TH=| E)PIQUMI/A|: H( GA\R E)PI-QUMI/A TE/LOS E)/XEI TO\ KALO/N. *(/EKASTON DE\ TOU/TWN TW=N EI)DW=N PA/LIN DIAIREI=TAI EI)S ME/RH DU/O: TO/ TE GA\R SUM-BOULEUTIKO\N EI)S PROTROPH\N KAI\ A)POTROPH\N KAI\ TO\ DIKA-NIKO\N EI)S KATHGORI/AN KAI\ A)POLOGI/AN KAI\ TO\ PANHGURI-KO\N EI)S E)GKW/MION KAI\ YO/GON. *TOU/TW| DE/, FASI/, DIOI/SEI ME/ROS EI)/DOUS TW=| TO\ ME\N EI)=DOS O(LO/KLHRON A)POTELEI=N R(H/-TORA, TO\ DE\ ME/ROS OU)DAMW=S: O(/STIS ME\N GA\R MO/NON OI)=DE TO\ SUMBOULEU/EIN, MH\ ME/NTOI GE KAI\ TO\ DIKA/ZESQAI KAI\ TO\ PANHGURI/ZEIN, OU(=TOS R(H/TWR E)STI/N, W(/SPER *QHRAME/NHS O( @1 KAI\ *KO/QORNOS E)PONOMASQEI/S, H)/TOI A)PO\ TOU= E)PITHDEI/WS E)/XEIN PRO\S TO\ PROTRE/PEIN KAI\ A)POTRE/PEIN TH=S TOIAU/THS TUXW\N PROSHGORI/AS H)\ DIA\ TO\ PRO\S A)LH/QEIAN KAI\ YEU=DOS E(TOIMO/TATOS EI)=NAI, A)PO\ METAFORA=S TOU= U(PODH/MATOS TOU= A)MFOTE/ROIS A(RMO/ZONTOS TOI=S POSI/N: OU(=TOS GA\R O( *QHRA-ME/NHS SUMBOULEU/EIN MO/NON EI)DW\S R(H/TWR KAI\ AU)TO\S W)NO-MA/ZETO. *GORGI/AS DE\ PANHGURI/ZEIN MO/NON EI)DW\S R(H/TWR KAI\ AU)TO\S H)/KOUEN: W(S GA/R, O(LO/KLHRON EI)=DOS A)NQRW/POU E)PI/ TINA LI/QON H)\ XALKO\N EI) E)PITEQEI/H, EI)=DOS A)NQRW/POU LE/GOMEN A)POSW/|ZEIN: TO\N A)NDRIA/NTA, E)A\N DE\ ME/ROS A)NQRW/POU E)PI/ TINA LI/QON H)\ XALKO\N E)PIQW=MEN, OI(=ON KEFALH\N H)\ XEI=RA H)\ PO/DA, OU) LE/GOMEN [2TO\N LI/QON H)\]2 TO\N XALKO\N A(/PAN EI)LH-FE/NAI TO\ EI)=DOS A)LLA\ ME/ROS AU)TOU=, OU(/TW KAI/, EI) ME\N E(/N TI TW=N MERW=N A)SKEI=TAI O( R(H/TWR, OU)K A)\N LEXQEI/H R(H/TWR, EI) DE\ E(\N TW=N EI)DW=N A)SKH/SEI, E)C A)NA/GKHS O( TOIOU=TOS R(H/TWR E)STI/N. *EI)SI\ DE\ PA/LIN, OI(\ TO\ SUMBOULEUTIKO\N OU)X W(S EI)S ME/RH DIAIROU=SIN EI)S TH\N PROTROPH\N KAI\ A)POTROPH/N, A)LL' W(S EI)S EI)/DH EI)DIKW/TATA. DIAIROU=NTAI GA\R TAU=TA PA/LIN, FASI/N, H( ME\N PROTROPH\ EI)S TA\S KATA\ ME/ROS PROTREPTI-KA\S U(POQE/SEIS, H( DE\ A)POTROPH\ EI)S TA\S KATA\ ME/ROS PA/LIN A)POTREPTIKA\S U(POQE/SEIS. TO\N AU)TO\N DE\ TRO/PON KAI\ TO\ DIKANIKO\N KAI\ TO\ PANHGURIKO\N W(S EI)/DH EI)DIKW/TATA KAI\ AU)TA\ DIAIROU=NTAI, TO\ ME\N DIKANIKO\N EI)S KATHGORI/AN KAI\ A)POLOGI/AN, TO\ DE\ PANHGURIKO\N EI)S E)GKW/MION KAI\ YO/GON: DIAIREI=TAI GA/R, FASI/, KAI\ H( KATHGORI/A EI)S TA\S KATA\ @1 ME/ROS KATHGORI/AS KAI\ H( A)POLOGI/A EI)S TA\S KATA\ ME/ROS A)POLOGI/AS KAI\ TO\ E)GKW/MION EI)S TA\ MERIKA\ E)GKW/MIA KAI\ O( YO/GOS O(MOI/WS EI)S TOU\S KATA\ ME/ROS YO/GOUS. *(O ME/NTOI *GEWME/TRHS OU)X W(S GE/NOS EI)S EI)/DH TH\N R(HTORIKH/N FHSI DIAIREI=SQAI EI)/S TE DIKANIKO/N, SUMBOULEUTIKO\N KAI\ PANH-GURIKO\N DIA\ TO\ E)N AU)TOI=S EI)=NAI/ TI PRW=TON KAI\ DEU/TERON, W(S DEIXQH/SETAI, TW=N EI)DW=N O(MOTI/MWN O)FEILO/NTWN EI)=NAI, A)LL' W(S TA\ A)F' E(NO\S KAI\ PRO\S E(/N. *)ALLA\ TAU=TA ME/N EI)SIN, W(S TOI=S E)PISTATIKWTE/ROIS TW=N DIDASKA/LWN DOKEI=, TA\ KATA\ R(HTORIKH\N EI)/DH KAI\ ME/RH. @*TOU= DE\ POLITIKOU= LO/GOU ME/RH EI)SI\ D#, PROOI/MIA, DIHGH/-SEIS, A)GW=NES KAI\ E)PI/LOGOI. BOU/LONTAI DE\ TO\ ME\N PROOI/-MION EI)=NAI LO/GON PARASKEUA/ZONTA TO\N A)KROATH\N KAI\ OI)KEI/WS EI)S TO\N U(POKEI/MENON LO/GON DIATIQE/NTA: E)/RGON DE\ AU)TOU= TO/ TE PROSEKTIKOU\S TOU\S A)KROATA\S PARASKEUA/ZEIN PRO\S TA\ R(HQHSO/MENA KAI\ TO\ EU)/NOIAN H)\ MI=SOS A)PERGA/ZE-SQAI. *TH\N DE\ DIH/GHSIN PA/LIN BOU/LONTAI EI)=NAI TW=N E)N TH=| U(POQE/SEI PRAGMA/TWN E)/KQESIN EI)S TO\ U(PE\R TOU= LE/GONTOS ME/ROS R(E/POUSAN: E)/RGON DE\ AU)TH=S TO\ PARA/DOSIN KAI\ DH/LWSIN POIH=SAI TW=| A)KROATH=| TOU= PRA/GMATOS. *TOU\S DE\ A)GW=NA/S TINES DIAIROU=SIN EI)S A)NTI/QESIN KAI\ LU/SIN, OI(/TINES KAI\ PE/NTE PARA\ TOU=TO TA\ ME/RH TOU= LO/GOU EI)=NAI TI/QENTAI. KAI\ A)NTI/QESIN ME/N FASIN EI)=NAI TH\N PARA\ TOU= A)NTIKEIME/NOU PROSW/POU E)/NSTASIN TO\ E)N H(MI=N PIQANO\N DIALU/OUSAN KAI\ @1 EI)S EU)LOGWTE/RAN E)/NNOIAN TO\N A)KROATH\N META/GOUSAN, LU/SIN DE\ TH\N E)K TH=S E)NSTA/SEWS BLA/BHN A)FAIROUME/NHN KAI\ EI)S TO\ E)C A)RXH=S TO\N A)KROATH\N E)PANA/GOUSAN KAI\ EI)S SUGKA-TA/QESIN I)E/NAI PEI/QOUSAN TOU= PROKEIME/NOU ZHTH/MATOS. A)LL' OU)K O)RQW=S OU(=TOI EI)S TA\ DU/O TAU=TA DIAIROU=SI TOU\S A)GW=NAS: OU) GA\R E)N A)NTIQE/SESI MO/NON KAI\ LU/SESIN OI( A)GW=NES OU)DE\ E)N TAI=S KATASKEUAI=S AU)TW=N, OI(=ON E)PIXEI-RH/MASIN, E)RGASI/AIS, E)NQUMH/MASIN, A)LLA\ KAI\ E)N TOI=S KEFA-LAI/OIS TOI=S PAR' H(MW=N EI)SAGOME/NOIS KAI\ TIQEME/NOIS KAI\ DEOME/NOIS KATASKEUH=S. A)/LLWS TE DE\ OU) PE/NTE TA\ ME/RH TOU= LO/GOU MO/NA TOU=TON TO\N TRO/PON FANH/SETAI A)LLA\ KAI\ PLEI/ONA: AU)TI/KA GA\R KAI\ TO\ PROOI/MION DIAIREQH/SETAI EI)S PRO/TASIN KAI\ KATASKEUH\N KAI\ A)CI/WSIN KAI\ BA/SIN KAI\ H( DIH/GHSIS EI)S PROKATA/STASIN [2KAI\ PRODIH/GHSIN KAI\ DIH/GH-SIN]2 KAI\ O( E)PI/LOGOS W(SAU/TWS. *TO\N DE\ E)PI/LOGON PA/LIN BOU/LONTAI EI)=NAI LO/GON E)PI\ PROEIRHME/NAIS TAI=S A)PODEI/CE-SIN E)PAGO/MENON, A)QROISMO\N PRAGMA/TWN KAI\ H)QW=N KAI\ PAQW=N PERIE/XONTA, PA/QH ME\N TA\S E)LEEINOLOGI/AS KAI\ TOU\S O)DURMOU\S LE/GONTES KAI\ TOU\S E)/RWTAS H)\ TA\ MI/SH, H)/QH DE\ TA\ TW=N EI)SAGOME/NWN PROSW/PWN. FASI\ DE/ TINES TO\N PARO/NTA O(/RON TOU= E)PILO/GOU MH\ SUMPERILABEI=N KAI\ TO\N PANHGURI-KO\N E)PI/LOGON: E)KEI=NOS ME\N GA/R, FASI/N, EU)XH\N MO/NHN PERIE/XEI, OU) MH\N A)/QROISMA PRAGMA/TWN KAI\ H)QW=N KAI\ PAQW=N: PLH\N KAI\ TO\ KATA\ PARA/LEIYIN SXH=MA A)QROISMO/S E)STI PRAGMA/TWN, W(S E)/XEI TO\ ["6POLLA\ H)=N E(/TERA PERI\ *QOUKU-DI/DOU DIECELQEI=N, EI) MH\ TO\ PA/NTA E)REI=N TO\ TW=N E)PAI/NWN PAREI/LETO PLH=QOS"6 KA)KEI=NO] "6LH/GEIN O( *FI/LIPPOS PERIW\N @1 OU)K H)PI/STATO, LH/GEIN DE\ A)NA/GKH TO\N PERI\ E)KEI/NOU LO/GON DIECERXO/MENON"6. E)/RGON DE\ TOU= E)PILO/GOU FASI\ KAI\ TE/LOS TO\ E)PI\ TH=S TELEUTH=S PAQAI/NEIN TOU\S A)KROATA\S KAI\ TO\ A)NAKEFALAIOU=SQAI KAI\ U(POMIMNH/|SKEIN AU)TOU\S TW=N E)N TOI=S A)GW=SI TA\ KAIRIW/TATA. @*PROASKOU=SI TOI/NUN H(MA=S TA\ PROGUMNA/SMATA EI)S ME\N TA\ TH=S R(HTORIKH=S EI)/DH KAI\ ME/RH, KAQO\ TW=N PROGUMNASMA/-TWN TA\ ME\N TOU= SUMBOULEUTIKOU= EI)SIN EI)/DOUS W(S O( MU=QOS KAI\ H( QE/SIS KAI\ H( XREI/A KAI\ H( GNW/MH, TA\ DE\ TOU= DIKA-NIKOU= W(S H( A)NASKEUH\ KAI\ H( KATASKEUH\ KAI\ O( KOINO\S TO/POS, TA\ DE\ TOU= PANHGURIKOU= W(S TO\ E)GKW/MION KAI\ O( YO/GOS KAI\ H( SU/GKRISIS. O( GOU=N TOI=S TOIOU/TOIS E)GGUMNA-SQEI\S KAI\ PRO\S TOU\S TW=N TOIOU/TWN EI)DW=N E)XOME/NOUS POLI-TIKOU\S LO/GOUS OU)K A)\N A)POKNH/SEIEN A)PODU/SASQAI. @*PROGUMNA/ZEI DE\ H(MA=S KAI\ EI)S TA\ TOU= POLITIKOU= LO/GOU ME/RH H( TW=N PROGUMNASMA/TWN U(PO/QESIS, KAQO\ TW=N PRO-GUMNASMA/TWN TA\ ME\N PROOIMI/OIS A)NALOGEI= W(S O( MU=QOS: W(/SPER GA\R TOU= PROOIMI/OU E)/RGON E)STI\ TO\ PROSEKTIKOU\S POIEI=N TOU\S A)KROATA\S PRO\S TA\ E)N TH=| DIHGH/SEI R(HQHSO/-MENA, OU(/TW KAI\ TOU= MU/QOU E)/RGON TO\ PARASKEUA/SAI TOU\S A)KROATA\S PRO\S U(PODOXH\N TOU= E)PIMUQI/OU. O( TOI/NUN DIA\ MU/QOU DUNHQEI/S TINI PROSOXH\N E)MPOIH=SAI TH=S E)N TW=| E)PIMUQI/W| PARAINE/SEWS EU)/DHLON W(S KAI\ PROOI/MION O( TOIOU=-TOS POIH=SAI OU)K A)PORH/SEIEN. OU) MO/NON DE\ O( MU=QOS PROOI-MI/OIS H(MA=S E)GGUMNA/ZEI A)LLA\ KAI\ AI( PROKATARKTIKAI\ TW=N @1 PROGUMNASMA/TWN E)/NNOIAI. TW=N OU)=N PROGUMNASMA/TWN TA\ ME\N TAI=S PROOIMIAKAI=S E)NNOI/AIS, W(S E)/FAMEN, H(MA=S E)GGUM-NA/ZOUSI, TA\ DE\ TAI=S DIHGH/SESIN W(S TO\ DIH/GHMA KAI\ H( E)/KFRASIS: DH=LON OU)=N, W(S O( KAI\ TA\ TOIAU=TA POIH/SAS OU)DE\ PRO\S E)KEI/NHN A)PONARKH/SEIEN. H( DE/ GE A)NASKEUH\ KAI\ KATASKEUH\ A)GW=SIN A)NALOGEI= KAI\ O( KOINO\S TO/POS E)PILO/GOIS: O( GOU=N TOU/TWN E)RGA/THS KAI\ A)GW/NWN KAI\ E)PILO/GWN ME/TO-XON TO\N OI)KEI=ON LO/GON A)PODEI=CAI I)SXU/SEIE. *KAI\ O( ME\N SKOPO\S TW=N PROGUMNASMA/TWN TOIOU=TOS. @*)APOROU=SI DE/ TINES, PW=S ID# TW=N PROGUMNASMA/TWN O)/NTWN E(/NA SKOPO\N OI)/ONTAI A)PODOQH=NAI A(PA/NTWN. KAI\ LE/-GOMEN O(/TI, W(/SPER E# FWNA\S TOU= *PORFURI/OU E)N TH=| *EI)SA-GWGH=| DIDA/SKONTOS, GE/NOS, DIAFORA/N, EI)=DOS, I)/DION, SUM-BEBHKO/S, SKOPO\N E(/NA TOU= TOIOU/TOU BIBLI/OU OI( E)CH-GOU/MENOI AU)TO\ A)PODEDW/KASI, KAI\ W(/SPER IG# STA/SEWN DIAIRE/SEIS E)N TW=| *PERI\ TW=N STA/SEWN BIBLI/W| TOU= *(ER-MOGE/NOUS DIDA/SKONTOS OI( TOU/TOU E)CHGHTAI\ E(/NA SKOPO\N TOU= BIBLI/OU DIDA/SKOUSI, KAI\ W(/SPER E(PTA\ GENIKA\S I)DE/AS E)N TW=| *PERI\ TW=N I)DEW=N BIBLI/W| TOU= AU)TOU= PA/LIN DIDA/-SKONTOS OI( E)CHGOU/MENOI E(/NA SKOPO\N TOU= BIBLI/OU LE/-GOUSI, TO\ D' AU)TO\ KAI\ E)PI\ TOU= *PERI\ EU(RE/SEWN BIBLI/OU _KAI\ E)N E)KEI/NW| GA\R POLLOU\S ME\N TU/POUS PROOIMI/WN KAI\ DIHGH/SEWN, E)/TI DE\ KAI\ PROKATASKEUW=N DIA/FORA EI)/DH KAI\ KATASKEUA\S TW=N KEFALAI/WN KAI\ SXHMA/TWN PLEI/O-NAS TRO/POUS DIDA/SKONTOS EI(=S SKOPO\S A)PODI/DOTAI_, @1 OU(/TW KAI\ E)NTAU=QA POLLW=N KAI\ DIAFO/RWN O)/NTWN TW=N PROGUMNASMA/TWN EI(=S SKOPO\S A)PODI/DOTAI. @*)ALL' O( ME\N SKOPO\S TOIOU=TOS: TO\ DE\ XRH/SIMON A)PO\ TOU= SKOPOU= FANERO/N: XRHSIMEU/EI GA\R H(MI=N EI)/S TE TA\ KATA\ TH\N R(HTORIKH\N EI)/DH KAI\ ME/RH, E)/TI DE\ KAI\ EI)S TA\ TOU= POLITIKOU= LO/GOU ME/RH. @*(/OTI DE\ GNH/SION *)AFQONI/OU TO\ PARO\N BIBLI/ON, E)/K TE TH=S PA/NTWN SUMFWNI/AS KATA/DHLON KAI\ E)K TOU= PARA\ MHDENO\S TW=N PRO\ H(MW=N NOQEI/AS TO\ TOIOU=TON A(LW=NAI GRAFH=|, E)/TI DE\ KAI\ E)K TOU= EI)S AU)TO\ E)PIFEROME/NOU E)PI-GRA/MMATOS @@"6*EI)/ SOI R(HTORIKH=S PO/QOS, W)= FI/LOS, E)/MPESE QUMW=|, @@MH/ SE/ GE GUMNASI/H *)AFQONI/OIO LA/QH|"6. @*TH\N DE\ TA/CIN ZHTOU=MEN TOU= PARO/NTOS BIBLI/OU TH\N PRO\S TA\ A)/LLA SUGGRA/MMATA TH=S R(HTORIKH=S: E)N W(=| KAI\ ZHTEI=TAI, DIA\ TI/ PROETA/GH TO\ PARO\N BIBLI/ON TW=N A)/LLWN TW=N PERI\ R(HTORIKH=S. KAI\ LE/GOMEN, O(/TI DIKAI/WS TW=N A)/L-LWN PROTE/TAKTAI TOU=TO, EI)/ GE KAI\ EI)SAGWGH/ E)STI PRO\S A(/PASAN TH\N R(HTORIKH/N, DE/ON O)\N TA\S EI)SAGWGA\S TW=N PRO\S A(\ EI)SA/GOUSI PROTEREU/EIN. @*PE/MPTON KEFA/LAIO/N E)STIN H( AI)TI/A TH=S E)PIGRAFH=S: @1 E)N W(=| ZHTH=SAI O)FEI/LOMEN, O(POI=O/N TI/ E)STI TO\ *)AFQO/NIOS O)/NOMA, EI)=TA TI/ BOU/LETAI SHMAI/NEIN E)N TH=| PAROU/SH| E)PI-GRAFH=| TO\ SOFISTH/S O)/NOMA, KAI\ DIA\ TI/ E)PIGE/GRAPTAI *PROGUMNA/SMATA KAI\ OU)XI\ *GUMNA/SMATA, KAI\ TI/ SHMAI/NEI KURI/WS H( GUMNA/ZOMAI LE/CIS: E)/PEITA KAI\ DIA\ TI/ OU)K EI)=PE "3*PROGUMNA/SMATA EI)S TH\N R(HTORIKH/N"3 A)LL' A)ORI/-STWS *PROGUMNA/SMATA: META\ TAU=TA KAI\ DIA\ TI/ *PROGU-MNA/SMATA E)PE/GRAYE KAI\ OU)XI\ *PERI\ PROGUMNASMA/TWN. *TO\ ME\N OU)=N *)AFQO/NIOS O)/NOMA E)/STI ME\N KU/RION KAI\ PARA-GWGO/N, TA\ MA/LISTA DE\ OI)KEIO/TATON TW=| R(H/TORI PE/FUKE TW=| TE A)FQO/NWS EI)/TOUN PLOUSI/WS TA\ TOU= LO/GOU R(EI=QRA PROXE/EIN TW=| TE PA/QOUS E)KTO\S_DHLADH\ FQO/NOU_E)PANT-LEI=N TOI=S MAQHTEUOME/NOIS TH=S DIDASKALI/AS TA\ NA/MATA. _ *SOFISTH\S DE\ LE/GETAI ME\N KAI\ O( SOFI/ZWN TINA\ KAI\ DI-DA/SKWN, LE/GETAI DE\ SOFISTH\S KAI\ O( FILO/SOFOS O( TO\ KALO\N KAI\ FRO/NIMON KAI\ A)LHQE\S A)GAPW=N. SHMAI/NEI SO-FISTH\S KAI\ TO\N SOFIZO/MENON TH\N A)LH/QEIAN H)/TOI PARA-TRE/PONTA, SHMAI/NEI DE\ KAI\ TO\N TOI=S PLA/SMASIN E)GGUMNA-ZO/MENON: R(H/TWR ME\N GA/R E)STIN O( TOI=S A)LHQINOI=S A)GW=-SIN E)GGUMNAZO/MENOS KAI\ E)PI\ DIKASTHRI/OU W(S O( *DHMO-SQE/NHS, SOFISTH\S DE\ O( PLASMATOGRA/FOS KAI\ MH\ E)PI\ @1 DIKASTHRI/OU A)GWNIZO/MENOS, OI(=OS H)=N O( *LIBA/NIOS. O( TOI/NUN *)AFQO/NIOS LE/GETAI SOFISTH\S H)\ W(S SOFI/ZWN TOU\S FOITH-TA\S E)K TOU= TA\ PERI\ TH=S R(HTORIKH=S TE/XNHS AU)TOI=S A)NA-PTU/SSEIN H)\ W(S PLASMATOGRA/FOS W)\N KAI\ MH\ E)PI\ DIKASTH-RI/OU A)GWNIZO/MENOS, OI(=OS H)=N O( *LIBA/NIOS. _*PROGUMNA/SMATA DE\ KAI\ OU)XI\ *GUMNA/SMATA E)PIGE/GRAPTAI, DIO/TI KURI/WS GUMNA/SMATA AI( TW=N POLITIKW=N U(POQE/SEWN MELE/TAI LE/-GONTAI TW=N PLASMATIKW=N, W(S DI' AU)TW=N EI)S TOU\S TW=N A)LHQINW=N U(POQE/SEWN LO/GOUS GUMNAZOME/NWN H(MW=N. E)PEI\ OU)=N AI( TW=N PLASMATIKW=N U(POQE/SEWN MELE/TAI GUMNA/SMATA LE/GONTAI, EU)LO/GWS KAI\ TA\ TOIAU=TA *PROGUMNA/SMATA LE/-GONTAI W(S PRO\ TW=N GUMNASMA/TWN E)KEI/NWN O)/NTA: DIA\ TOU/TWN GA\R PA/LIN EI)S TA\S A)LHQINA\S TW=N U(POQE/SEWN GUMNAZO/MEQA. A)/LLWS TE DE\ PROGUMNA/SMATA TA\ PRO\ TH=S GUMNASI/AS FAME/N, W(S EI)=NAI GU/MNASMA ME\N KAI\ A)/SKHSIN KAI\ A)LHQH= PAI/DEUSIN R(HTORIKH=S AU)TA\ TA\ TOU= *(ERMOGE/-NOUS BIBLI/A, TA\S *STA/SEIS, TA\S *EU(RE/SEIS, TA\S *)IDE/AS KAI\ TO\ *PERI\ MEQO/DOU DEINO/THTOS: TA\ DE\ TOU= *)AFQONI/OU *PRO-GUMNA/SMATA LE/GONTAI, EI)SAGWGH/ TIS O)/NTA PRO\S E)KEI=NA KAI\ OI(=ON A)NA/PTUCIS BRAXEI=A KAI/ TIS E)QISMO\S A)LEI/FWN KAI\ DIEGEI/RWN TOU\S NE/OUS EI)S TH\N E)KEI/NWN E)CE/TASIN. _*TO\ @1 DE\ GUMNA/ZESQAI KURI/WS E)STI\ TO\ GUMNO\N A)GWNI/ZESQAI KAI\ E)KMANQA/NEIN EI)/TE POLEMIKH\N A)/SKHSIN EI)/TE A(MILLHTH-RI/OUS A)GW=NAS, DI/AULON TUXO\N H)\ PAGKRA/TION H)\ PUGMH\N H)\ PA/LHN H)/ [2TI]2 E(/TERON TOIOUTO/TROPON, W(/SPER *CENO-FW=N E)N TH=| TOU= *KU/ROU PAIDEI/A| TO\N *KU=RON AU)TO\N POIEI=N META\ TW=N E(TAI/RWN E)/GRAYEN A)SKOU/MENON TA\ POLEMIKA/. E)KEI=QEN OU)=N EI)/LHPTAI TO\ GUMNA/ZESQAI KAI\ KATAXRHSTI-KW=S E)KFE/RETAI E)PI\ PA/SHS PAIDEI/AS LOGIKH=S TE KAI\ PRA-KTIKH=S: KAI\ GUMNA/ZOMAI/ TIS EI)PW\N OU) TOU=TO A(PLW=S E)REI= TO\ GUMNO\S DIA/PEIRAN POIOU=MAI MAQH/MATOS_TOU=TO GA\R H( KURIOLECI/A E)STI/N_A)LLA\ TO\ A(PLW=S E)KPAIDEU/OMAI/ TI. *PROGUMNA/SMATA DE\ MO/NON EI)=PE MH\ PROSQEI\S "3EI)S TH\N R(HTORIKH/N"3, OU)K A)LO/GWS: W(/SPER GA\R O( *PORFU/RIOS EI)S TH\N BASILIKWTA/THN TW=N E)PISTHMW=N TH\N FILOSOFI/AN GRA/-FWN EI)SAGWGH\N "3*PORFURI/OU *EI)SAGWGH/"3 E)PE/GRAYE, MH\ PROSQEI\S "3EI)S TH\N FILOSOFI/AN"3, A(/TE DH\ KAI\ SIWPHLW=S TOU= TOIOU/TOU DIA\ TO\ U(PERE/XON TH=S FILOSOFI/AS TO\ PRO\S TA\S A)/LLAS E)PISTH/MAS PROSUPAKOUOME/NOU, OU(/TW KAI\ O( *)AFQO/NIOS EI)S TH\N MEGI/STHN KAI\ BIWFELESTE/RAN TW=N TEXNW=N TEXNOLOGW=N GUMNASI/AS A)ORI/STWS TO\ BIBLI/ON *PROGUMNA/SMATA E)PE/GRAYE. _*PROGUMNA/SMATA DE\ KAI\ OU)XI\ *PERI\ PROGUMNASMA/TWN TO\ BIBLI/ON E)PE/GRAYEN, O(/TI SU/NHQE/S E)STI TO\ O)/NOMA, PERI\ OU(= O( LO/GOS, PROGRA/FEIN TOU= SUGGRA/MMATOS, W(/SPER O( PERI\ *QEMISTOKLE/OUS LO/- @1GOS *QEMISTOKLH=S E)PIGE/GRAPTAI [*PLA/TWNI] KAI\ O( PERI\ POLITEI/AS *POLITEI/A: A)/LLWS TE *PROGUMNA/SMATA ME\N E)PI-GRA/YAS E)DH/LWSEN O(/TI TOU=TO/ E)STI TO\ BIBLI/ON, DI' OU(= EI)S TH\N R(HTORIKH\N GUMNAZO/MEQA, *PERI\ PROGUMNASMA/TWN DE\ EI) E)PE/GRAYEN, E)DH/LWSEN O(/TI AU)TO\ ME\N OU) PROGUMNA/ZEI H(MA=S, SUMBA/LLETAI DE\ EI)S TO\ PROGUMNA/ZEIN. H( ME\N GA\R EU)QEI=A PTW=SIS AU)TOU= TOU= PRA/GMATO/S E)STI DHLWTIKH/: DIO\ KAI\ OI( O(RISMOI\ TA\S FU/SEIS TW=N PRAGMA/TWN SHMAI/NONTES DIA\ TH=S TOIAU/THS E)KFE/RONTAI PTW/SEWS, AI( DE\ PLA/GIOI OU) TH\N OU)SI/AN DHLOU=SI TOU= PRA/GMATOS A)LLA/ TI TW=N PERI\ AU)TO/. @*(H DE\ EI)S TA\ KEFA/LAIA DIAI/RESIS TE/MNEI TO\ PARO\N BIBLI/ON EI)/S TE TA\S PRO\S TO\ SUMBOULEUTIKO\N EI)=DOS GUMNA-ZOU/SAS H(MA=S GUMNASI/AS KAI\ EI)S TA\S PRO\S TO\ DIKANIKO\N KAI\ EI)S TA\S PRO\S TO\ PANHGURIKO/N, KAI\ PA/LIN EI)/S TE TA\S PROOIMI/OIS A)NALOGOU/SAS KAI\ EI)S TA\S SW|ZOU/SAS EI)KO/NA TH=S DIHGH/SEWS, E)/TI DE\ KAI\ EI)S TA\S A)GW/NWN KAI\ E)PILO/-GWN XREI/AN A)NAPLHROU/SAS. @*)/ELQWMEN TOI/NUN KAI\ E)PI\ TO\N TRO/PON TO\N DIDASKALIKO\N LE/CONTES, O(/TI DIDASKALIKW=N TRO/PWN O)/NTWN TESSA/RWN, DIAI-RETIKOU=, O(RISTIKOU=, A)PODEIKTIKOU=, A)NALUTIKOU=, DUSI\ MO/-NOIS XRH=TAI O( *)AFQO/NIOS E)N TW=| PARO/NTI SUGGRA/MMATI, TW=| ME\N DIAIRETIKW=|, H(NI/KA DIAIREI= TW=N PROGUMNASMA/TWN E(/KASTON LE/GWN O(/TI "6TOU= MU/QOU TO\ ME/N E)STI LOGIKO/N, TO\ DE\ H)QIKO/N, TO\ DE\ MIKTO/N"6 KAI\ O(/TI "6TOU= DIHGH/MATOS TO\ @1 ME/N E)STI DRAMATIKO/N, TO\ DE\ I(STORIKO/N, TO\ DE\ POLITIKO/N"6, KAI\ E)PI\ TW=N A)/LLWN O(MOI/WS. TW=| DE\ O(RISTIKW=| XRH=TAI, H(NI/KA O(RI/ZETAI TA\ GUMNA/SMATA, LE/GWN TO\N ME\N MU=QON LO/GON YEUDH= A)LH/QEIAN EI)KONI/ZONTA, TO\ DE\ DIH/GHMA E)/KQE-SIN PRA/GMATOS GEGONO/TOS H)\ W(S GEGONO/TOS. _*TINE\S DE/ FASIN AU)TO\N KAI\ TW=| A)NALUTIKW=| XRH/SASQAI TRO/PW| E)N TW=| LE/GEIN TOU= MU/QOU TO\ GE/NOS: A)PO\ GA\R TW=N KA/TW, FASI/, KAI\ U(STE/RWN PRO/EISIN E)PI\ TA\ A)/NW KAI\ PRW=TA H)/TOI A)PO\ TOU= MU/QOU E)PI\ TA\ PRO/SWPA TA\ E)C W(=N E)/XEI TH\N GE/NESIN: TOU=TO DE\ I)/DIO/N E)STI TOU= A)NALUTIKOU= TRO/POU TO\ A)PO\ TW=N U(STE/RWN E)PI\ TA\ PRW=TA E)/RXESQAI, OI(=ON PRW=TA TA\ TE/SSARA STOIXEI=A, U(/STERON O( A)/NQRWPOS: A)NALU/ETAI OU)=N O( A)/NQRWPOS EI)S TAU=TA. @*)/OGDOON KAI\ TELEUTAI=O/N E)STI KEFA/LAION, E)N W(=| ZH-TEI=TAI, DIA\ TI/ TA\ TOU= *)AFQONI/OU *PROGUMNA/SMATA TW=N *(ERMOGE/NOUS KAI\ TW=N LOIPW=N PROTETI/MHTAI: FAME\N OU)=N, W(S SAFE/STERA TW=N A)/LLWN KAI\ EU)LHPTO/TERA. O( ME\N GA\R *(ERMOGE/NHS KAI\ OI( LOIPOI\ MEQO/DOUS YILA\S XWRI\S PARA-DEIGMA/TWN E)KQE/MENOI DUSXERH= TH\N TW=N PROGUMNASMA/TWN PRAGMATEI/AN TOI=S EI)SAGOME/NOIS E)POI/HSAN, O( DE\ *)AFQO/-NIOS OU) MO/NON TA\S MEQO/DOUS W(S E)NH=N SAFW=S KAI\ DIHR-QRWME/NWS POIH/SAS, A)LLA\ KAI\ PARADEI/GMASI FWTI/SAI BOULHQEI\S TA\ LEGO/MENA PROSFUE/STEROS TOI=S NE/OIS KAI\ OI)KEIO/TEROS E)/DOCE. @1 @*TINE\S DE\ KAI\ TH\N U(PO\ TI/ ME/ROS A)NAFORA\N KAI\ E)PI\ TOU= PARO/NTOS BIBLI/OU ZHTOU=NTES A)NAFE/RESQAI/ FASIN AU)TO\ OU)/TE EI)S TO\ QEWRHTIKO/N, E)PEI\ MH\ FUSIOLOGEI= H)\ QEOLOGEI= H)\ MAQHMATIKEU/ETAI, A)LL' OU)DE\ EI)S TO\ PRAKTIKO/N_OU)DE\ GA\R PW=S DEI= KOSMEI=N TA\ H)/QH DIDA/SKEI_, A)LL' EI)S TO\ ME/SON TOU/TWN MEQODIKO\N KAI\ O)RGANIKO/N, E)/STI DE\ TOU=TO TO\ LOGIKO/N: KANO/NAS GA/R, FASI/, KAI\ MEQO/DOUS DIDA/SKEI. @*TINE\S DE\ KAI\ TO\N XARAKTH=RA ZHTOU=SI TOU= PARO/NTOS BIBLI/OU. XARAKTH=RES DE/ EI)SI TREI=S, A(DRO/S, TAPEINO/S, ME/-SOS: A(DRO\S ME\N OU)=N E)STIN O( KOMPHRA\S E)/XWN LE/CEIS, NOU=N DE\ TAPEINO/N, W(S E)/XEI TA\ TOU= *LUKO/FRONOS: TAPEINO\S DE\ O( NOU=N ME\N E)/XWN U(YHLO/N, LE/CEIS DE\ TAPEINA/S, W(S TA\ TOU= QEOLO/GOU: ME/SOS DE\ O( MH/TE NOU=N U(YHLO\N E)/XWN MH/TE LE/CEIS KOMPHRA/S, A)LL' A)MFO/TERA ME/TRIA, OI(=A/ EI)SIN W(S E)PI\ TO\ PLEI=STON TA\ TOU= *XRUSOSTO/MOU. XRH=TAI TOI/NUN O( *)AFQO/-NIOS OU)X E(NI\ MO/NW| XARAKTH=RI DIO/LOU A)LLA\ KAI\ TOI=S TRISI/: PH\| ME\N GA\R TW=| A(DRW=| XRH=TAI W(S E)N TH=| H)QOPOII/A|, PH\| DE\ TW=| A)NEIME/NW| KAI\ TAPEINW=| W(S E)N TH=| E)KFRA/SEI_DIO\ KAI\ AU)TO\S E)KEI=SE LE/GEI DEI=N TO\N XARAKTH=RA A)NEIME/NON E)KFE/REIN_, PH\| DE\ KAI\ TW=| ME/SW| XRH=TAI, W(S E)/N TISI TW=N A)/LLWN. @*(/ETEROI DE\ KA)KEI=NO ZHTOU=SIN, OI(=ON ME\N DEI= EI)=NAI TO\N E)CHGOU/MENON TO\ PARO\N BIBLI/ON, OI(=ON DE\ KAI\ TO\N A)NAGI-NW/SKONTA. LE/GETAI OU)=N DEI=N TO\N ME\N E)CHGOU/MENON TELEI/AN TH=S O(/LHS TE/XNHS E)/XEIN KATA/LHYIN: POLLA\ GA/R EI)SIN E)N TOI=S *PROGUMNA/SMASI KAI\ TH=S TW=N I)DEW=N E)XO/MENA QEW- @1RI/AS, W(S TA/ TE A)/LLA KA)KEI=NO DE\ E)N TW=| DIHGH/MATI "6A)RETAI\ DE\ DIHGH/MATOS SAFH/NEIA, PIQANO/THS, SUNTOMI/A KAI\ O( TW=N O)NOMA/TWN E(LLHNISMO/S"6, E)/TI DE\ KAI\ TH=S TW=N STA/SEWN, W(S E)N TH=| TOU= NO/MOU EI)SFORA=| E)KEI=NO E)/XEI "6DIAIRH/SOMEN DE\ AU)TH\N KEFALAI/OIS, OI(=S KAI\ TH\N PRAGMATIKH/N."6 DEI= OU)=N A(PA/NTWN TOU/TWN EI)DH/MONA EI)=NAI TO\N E)CHGOU/MENON, W(/STE DIASAFEI=N TW=| A)NAGINW/SKONTI KAI\ MH\ E)A=N AU)TO\N TH=| A)GNOI/A| TW=N LEGOME/NWN TARA/TTESQAI, PROSE/TI GE MH\N KAI\ TW=N R(HTORIKW=N LO/GWN, O(/SOI TOI=S PALAIOI=S E)PONH/-QHSAN R(H/TORSIN, OI(=ON *)ARISTEI/DH|, *QOUKUDI/DH|, *DHMOSQE/-NEI, A)KRIBH= KAI\ AU)TW=N E)/XEIN TH\N EI)/DHSIN, KAI\ TW=N POIH-TIKW=N DE\ OU)DE\N H(=TTON, W(/STE GINW/SKEIN TA/S TE I(STORI/AS KAI\ TA)=LLA: XREI/A GA/R E)STIN E)NTAU=QA KAI\ TOU/TWN, OI(=ON W(S E)N TW=| TOU= *QOUKUDI/DOU E)GKWMI/W|: E)N E)KEI/NW| GA\R POLLA\S TW=N PARA\ TW=| SUGGRAFEI= O( SOFISTH\S PARE/LABEN I(STORIW=N, KAI\ PA/LIN E)N TH=| H)QOPOII/A| LE/GWN E)N TW=| *(UPE\R TW=N TESSA/RWN TO\N *)ARISTEI/DHN POIH=SAI EI)DWLOPOII/AN KAI\ TO\N *EU)/POLIN E)N *DH/MOIS POIH=SAI PROSWPOPOII/AN, KAI\ E)N TH=| E)KFRA/SEI DE\ LE/GWN TO\N *QOUKUDI/DHN NUKTOMAXI/AN E)K-FRA/SAI KAI\ TO\N LIME/NA TW=N *QESPRWTW=N TO\N *XEIME/RION KAI\ TOIAU=TA/ TINA. DEI= OU)=N TO\N E)CHGOU/MENON TAU=TA PA/NTA A)KRIBW=S EI)DO/TA A)NAKALU/PTEIN TOI=S TO\ PARO\N BIBLI/ON A)NAGINW/SKOUSIN. _*)ALLA\ TO\N ME\N E)CHGOU/MENON TO\ PAR-O\N BIBLI/ON TOIOU=TON DEI= EI)=NAI: TO\N DE\ A)NAGINW/SKONTA XRH\ MH\ TW=| NOEI=N TA\ E)N AU)TW=| LEGO/MENA A)RKEI=SQAI, A)LLA\ KAI\ A)KOLOU/QOUS TAI=S PARA\ TOU= TEXNIKOU= MEQO/DOIS KAQ' @1 E(KA/STHN GUMNASI/AN MELE/TAS E)KTI/QESQAI: TOU=TO GA/R E)STIN AU)TOU= TE/LOS TO\ E)QISQH=NAI TOU\S NE/OUS DIA\ TW=N KAQ' E(KA/STHN GUMNASI/AN MELETHMA/TWN PRO\S TA\ TH=S R(HTORIKH=S EI)/DH KAI\ ME/RH KAI\ PRO\S TA\ TOU= POLITIKOU= LO/GOU ME/RH, W(S O(/ GE MH\ DIA\ MELETHMA/TWN TW=N KAQ' E(KA/STHN GU-MNASI/AN PRO\S TAU=TA E)QISQEI\S A)LL' A(PLW=S A)NAGNOU\S TO\ BIBLI/ON E)N I)/SW| E)/STAI TW=| MHDE\ TH\N A)RXH\N A)NAGNO/NTI AU)TO/. @*)ALL' E)PEIDH\ PERI\ PROGUMNASMA/TWN H(MI=N PRO/KEITAI LE/GEIN, ZHTH/SWMEN, TI/ E)STI PROGU/MNASMA. I)STE/ON TOI/NUN, O(/TI TO\ PROGU/MNASMA GENIKO/N E)STIN O)/NOMA, DIAIROU/MENON EI)S TA\ KAQ' E(KA/STHN E)PISTH/MHN KAI\ TE/XNHN PROGUMNA/S-MATA. OU)KOU=N PRW=TON TO\N O(/RON TOU= KAQOLIKOU= PROGU-MNA/SMATOS EI)/PWMEN, EI)=Q' OU(/TW KAI\ TO\ TH=S R(HTORIKH=S PROGU/MNASMA O(RISW/MEQA. *(ORI/ZONTAI TOI/NUN TO\ ME\N KAQO-LIKO\N PROGU/MNASMA OU(/TWS "3PROGU/MNASMA/ E)STIN A)/SKH-SIS METRI/WN PRO\S MEIZO/NWN E)PI/RRWSIN PRAGMA/TWN"3, TO\ ME\N "3A)/SKHSIS"3 O)/NOMA A)NTI\ GE/NOUS TIQE/NTES, TA\ DE\ LOIPA\ A)NTI\ DIAFORW=N XWRIZOUSW=N TO\ KAQO/LOU PROGU/MNASMA A)PO\ TW=N LOIPW=N A)SKH/SEWN TW=N MH\ E)N GUMNA/SMASIN. *)/IDWMEN DE\ KAI\ TO\N TOU= R(HTORIKOU= PROGUMNA/SMATOS O(/RON: E)/STI DE\ PROGU/MNASMA R(HTORIKO\N EI)SAGWGIKH\ TRIBH\ DIA\ LO/GWN TW=N KATA\ R(HTORIKH\N EI)DW=N H)\ MERW=N XRH/SIMA/ TINA PROASKOUME/NH. EI)/LHPTAI OU)=N KA)NTAU=QA TO\ ME\N "3TRIBH/"3 O)/NOMA A)NTI\ GE/NOUS, TA\ DE\ LOIPA\ A)NTI\ SUSTATI-KW=N DIAFORW=N. 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DIO\ PARH=LQEN H( TW=N PROGUMNASMA/TWN XREI/A: OU) GA\R PRO\S @1 TO\ O(/LON E)N AU)TOI=S A)LLA\ PRO\S E(/KASTON TW=N MERW=N I)DI/A| GUMNAZO/MEQA. *(/ETEROI DE\ PA/LIN LE/GOUSI DIA\ TOU=TO TA\ PROGUMNA/SMATA TH=S R(HTORIKH=S E)PINOHQH=NAI DIA\ TO\ TOU\S E)N GRAFH=| H)SXOLHME/NOUS PH\| ME\N KEXRH=SQAI MU/QOIS, PH\| DE\ GNW/MAIS, PH\| DE\ XREI/AIS, KAI\ PH\| ME\N H)QOPOII/AIS, PH\| DE\ KOINOI=S TO/POIS. @*)ALLA\ TOU/TWN ME\N A(/LIS, E)PI\ DE\ TH\N TOU= KEIME/NOU SA-FH/NEIAN KAIRO\S H)/DH LOIPO\N METABH=NAI KAI\ PRW=TON TO\N MU=QON, EI) DOKEI=, QEWRH/SWMEN. ZHTEI=TAI TOI/NUN, DIA\ TI/ E)PINENO/HTAI O( MU=QOS TOI=S R(H/TORSI. 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I(STOREI=TAI GA/R, W(S OI( A)/NQRWPOI PO/LEIS PRW=-TON OU)/PW OI)KOU=NTES GNW/MH| KAINOTE/RA| XRHSA/MENOI E)PI\ TO\ KATASKEUA/ZEIN PO/LEIS H)=LQON: EI)=TA META\ TO\ TA\S PO/-LEIS OI)KI/SAI KATASTHSA/MENOI A)/LLOS A)/LLHN POLITEI/AN @1 TOU\S ME\N A)GNOOU=NTAS TO\ SUMFE/RON E)PAI/DEUON, TOU\S DE\ PONHREUOME/NOUS H)/LEGXON, O(/PER E)STI\ TOU= DIKANIKOU=: META\ DE\ TAU=TA KAI\ PANHGU/REIS SUNESTH/SANTO, TO/ TE QEI=ON TIMW=NTES KAI\ TOU\S E)PI/ TISIN EU)DOKIMOU=NTAS E)PAINOU=NTES KAI\ I(ERA\ PROGO/NWN KAI\ TA/FOUS KOSMOU=NTES KAI\ E)PI\ TOI=S U(PE\R PATRI/DOS E)N MA/XAIS A)POQANOU=SIN E)PITAFI/OUS LE/GONTES KAI\ E)PIQALAMI/OUS KAI\ A)/LLA TINA\ EI)/DH TW=N E)PIDEIKTIKW=N: TOU=TO DE\ PA/LIN E)STI\ TOU= PANHGURIKOU=. *OU(/TWS OU)=N A)PEDEI/XQH PRW=TON ME\N EI)=NAI TO\ SUMBOULEUTI-KO/N, DEU/TERON DE\ TO\ DIKANIKO\N KAI\ TRI/TON TO\ PANHGURI-KO/N. @*)/ESTI DE\ KAI\ A)F' E(TE/RAS I(STORI/AS DEI=CAI PRW=TON TO\ SUMBOULEUTIKO\N TW=N A)/LLWN. LE/GETAI GA\R KAI\ *KO/RAKA, O(/STIS TA\ TH=S R(HTORIKH=S E)/RGA EI)S FW=S PROH/GAGE TOI=S A)NQRW/POIS, TW=| SUMBOULEUTIKW=| EI)/DEI XRH/SASQAI PRW/TW|, O(/TE TOU\S *SURRAKOUSI/OUS E)PEIRA=TO PEI/QEIN. *KAI\ OU(/TW ME\N E)K TH=S I(STORI/AS DEI/KNUTAI TO\ SUMBOULEUTIKO\N PRW=-TON TW=N A)/LLWN. @*DEI/KNUTAI DE\ KAI\ E)K TH=S TOU= PANTO\S A)RXAIOGONI/AS, KAQO\ KAI\ O( QEO\S PRW=TON SUMBOULEUSA/MENOS_QEO-PREPW=S DE\ TOU=TO NOHTE/ON_E)PI\ TH\N DHMIOURGI/AN H)=LQEN, EI)=Q' OU(/TW KAI\ E)PI\ TOU\S TW=N DHMIOURGHQE/NTWN E)PAI/NOUS: A)/LLWS TE DE\ KAI\ TO\N NO/MON PRW=TON QE/MENOS, O(/ E)STI TH=S KATA\ NO/MOU EI)SFORA\N PRAGMATIKH=S I)/DION, H(/TIS U(PO\ TO\ SUMBOULEUTIKO\N EI)=DOS A)NA/GETAI, U(/STERON E)PI\ TH\N TOU= @1 PARANOMH/SANTOS H)=LQE DI/KHN, O(/PER E)STI\ TOU= DIKANIKOU=. *DEI/KNUTAI DE\ KAI\ E)K TH=S FU/SEWS, KAQO\ PROHGEI=SQAI PA/SHS A)NA/GKH PRA/CEWS TH\N BOULH/N. @*)EK DE\ TH=S DUNA/MEWS DEI/KNUTAI, KAQO\ KAI\ POIKILW/-TERO/N E)STI TW=N A)/LLWN EI)DW=N. H)/DH DE\ KAI\ DUSDIAIRETW/TE-RON, W(S E)N TW=| *PERI\ TW=N STA/SEWN BIBLI/W| TH\N TH=S PRA-GMATIKH=S METIO/NTES DIAI/RESIN MAQHSO/MEQA. E)/TI DE\ KAI\ TA\ TOU= DIKANIKOU= EI)/DOUS KAI\ TA\ TOU= PANHGURIKOU= SXE-DO\N O(/LA E)N AU(TW=| PERIE/XEI, E)N W(=| ME\N TO\ DI/KAION E)CETA/ZEI, TA\S DIKAIOLOGIKA\S STA/SEIS PERILAMBA/NON, E)N W(=| DE\ TO\ DUNATO\N KAI\ E)/NDOCON, TA\ TOU= PANHGURIKOU=: TOU\S E)GKWMIASTIKOU\S GA\R TO/POUS E)N TOU/TOIS E)CETA/ZEI, A)F' W(=N TA/ TE KALA\ KAI\ MH\ KAI\ DUNATA\ KAI\ A)DU/NATA TOI=S A)GW=-SIN A)PODEIKNU/ONTAI. @*OU)K E)K TOU/TWN DE\ MO/NON DEI/KNUTAI PRW=TON EI)=NAI TO\ SUMBOULEUTIKO/N, A)LL' E)/TI KAI\ E)K TOU= PLEI/ONA TH\N W)FE/-LEIAN E)/XEIN TW=N A)/LLWN: E)K ME\N GA\R TOU= E)PAI/NWN H)\ DIA-BOLH=S TUXEI=N H)\ DI/KHN LABEI=N H)\ MH\ OU)DE\N TOSOU=TON TOI=S A)NQRW/POIS PERIGI/NETAI KE/RDOS, E)K DE\ TOU= TA\ SUMFE/-RONTA EU(RI/SKEIN AI(/ TE POLITEI=AI KAI\ O( BI/OS SUNI/STATAI. A)/LLWS TE DE\ KAI\ O(\N TRO/PON PROTIMOTE/RA E)STI\N H( GUMNA-STIKH\ TH=S I)ATRIKH=S TW=| TH\N ME\N TOU\S NOSOU=NTAS I)A=SQAI, TH\N DE\ MHDE\ E)A=N TH\N A)RXH\N NOSEI=N, OU(/TW DH\ KAI\ TO\ SUM-BOULEUTIKO\N PROTIMHQEI/H A)\N TOU= DIKANIKOU=: TO\ ME\N GA\R [2TOU\S]2 TOU= SUMFE/RONTOS KAI\ TOU= DIKAI/OU KAI\ TOU= PRE/PONTOS A)POTUXO/NTAS KOLA/ZEI, TO\ DE\ OU)DE\ TH\N A)RXH\N A)POTUGXA/NEIN E)A=|. @1 @*ZHTH/SEIE D' A)/N TIS, O(/TI, EI) PRO\S TO\ SUMBOULEUTIKO\N EI)=DOS GUMNA/ZEI H(MA=S O( MU=QOS, TOU=TO DE\ TW=N A)/LLWN EI)-DW=N POIKILW/TERON KAI\ DUSDIAIRETW/TERON, OU)K W)/FEILE PROTAGH=NAI TW=N A)/LLWN: A)PO\ GA\R TW=N EU)KOLWTE/RWN A)RXOME/NOUS PROSH=KE KATANTA=N E)PI\ TA\ DUSKOLW/TERA. *FH/-SOMEN OU)=N, O(/TI A)LL' O( ME\N MU=QOS OU) PRO\S TH\N TELEI/AN H(MA=S TOU= SUMBOULEUTIKOU= GUMNA/ZEI DIAI/RESIN, TO\ ME/N-TOI E)GKW/MION KAQ' O(/LHN SXEDO\N U(PO/QESIN QEWROU/MENON POIKILW/TERON KATA\ POLU\ TOU= MU/QOU KAQE/STHKEN. @*)ALL' AI( ME\N AI)TI/AI TOU= EI)KO/TWS TO\N MU=QON TW=N LOI-PW=N PROTAGH=NAI PROGUMNASMA/TWN AU(=TAI. TW=N ME/NTOI TOU= PROKEIME/NOU BIBLI/OU E)CHGHTW=N TIS MHDEMI/AN TOU/TWN TW=N AI)TIW=N TOSOU=TON A)PODEXO/MENOS E)KEI=NO/ FHSI PERI\ TH=S TA/-CEWS TOU= MU/QOU "6I)STE/ON, O(/TI TH\N A)RXH\N A)PO\ TOU= MU/-QOU POIOU/MEQA OU)/TE YUXAGWGH=SAI TOU\S A)KOU/ONTAS PROAIROU/MENOI, W(S TINE\S EI)=PON, OU)/TE MH\N E)PIDEI=CAI, W(S E)PI\ SUGGENH= TW=N POIHTIKW=N MAQHMA/TWN O( NE/OS A)PH/NTH-KEN. A)LLA\ A)PO\ TOU= MU/QOU POIOU/MEQA TH\N A)RXH/N, DIO/TI E)PI\ TO\ ME/GA TH=S R(HTORIKH=S MUSTH/RION, LE/GW DH\ TO\ PIQANO/N, TOU\S NE/OUS EI)SA/GOMEN: EI) GA\R E)N TOI=S MU/QOIS DIDA/SKOMEN E)FAMI/LLOUS PLA/TTEIN TOI=S PROSW/POIS TOU\S LO/GOUS KAI\ TA\ PRA/GMATA, DH=LON, O(/TI KA)N TAI=S A)LHQINAI=S U(POQE/SESI KATA\ TH\N A)CI/AN TW=N PROSW/PWN TOU\S LO/GOUS POIOU/MENOI PIQANOI\ PRO\S TO\ R(HTOREU/EIN E)SO/MEQA. 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LOIPO\N TO\ PERI\ E)KEI/NWN LE/GEIN A)FE/NTES E)N TW=| PARO/NTI TA\ MO/NW| TW=| PROKEIME/NW| BIBLI/W| A(RMO/ZONTA QEWRH/SWMEN KAI\ PRW=TON ME\N TO\N SKOPO\N TOU= BIBLI/OU ZHTH/SWMEN, EI)=TA TO\ XRH/SIMON KAI\ E(CH=S TA\ A)/LLA KEFA/LAIA, TO\ GNH/SION, TH\N TA/CIN, TH\N TH=S E)PIGRAFH=S AI)TI/AN, TH\N EI)S TA\ KEFA/LAIA DIAI/RESIN, TO\N DIDASKALIKO\N TRO/PON KAI\ TH\N U(PO\ TI/ ME/ROS A)NAFORA/N. @*SKOPO\S ME\N OU)=N E)STI TW=| *(ERMOGE/NEI PERI\ DIAIRE/SEWS TW=N POLITIKW=N ZHTHMA/TWN TH=S EI)S TA\ KEFA/LAIA [2EI)PEI=N]2, TOUTE/STI TOU\S KAIRIWTA/TOUS TOU= KATHGO/ROU KAI\ [TOU\S] TOU= FEU/GONTOS DIALABEI=N LO/GOUS: KAI\ GA\R E)NTAU=QA DIDA/SKEI H(MA=S EI)DE/NAI E)PI\ PANTO\S POLITIKOU= ZHTH/MATOS, POI/OIS ME\N KATHGOROU=NTES, POI/OIS DE\ A)POLOGOU/MENOI KEFA-LAI/OIS XRHSO/MEQA. A)LL' E)PEI\ TH\N A)RXH\N TOU=TO GENE/SQAI A)DU/NATON H)=N A)PEI/RWN O)/NTWN TW=| PLH/QEI TW=N POLITIKW=N @1 ZHTHMA/TWN, DIA\ TOU=TO PRW=TON ME\N A)NA/GEI PA=N ZH/THMA SUNESTHKO\S EI)S DEKATREI=S EI)/TOUN DEKATE/SSARA/S TINAS A)RXA/S_W(/SPER KAI\ O( GRAMMATIKO\S TA\S *(ELLHNIKA\S LE/CEIS A)PEI/ROUS OU)/SAS EI)S TA\ O)KTW\ ME/RH TOU= LO/GOU A)NH/GAGE KAI\ O( FILO/SOFOS TA\S SHMANTIKA\S LE/CEIS EI)S DE/KA TINA\ GE/NH TA\ GENIKW/TATA_, EI)=Q' OU(/TWS TA\ KOINH=| PA=SI TOI=S U(PO\ TH/NDE TH\N A)RXH\N H)/GOUN TO\N STOXASMO\N H)\ TO\N O(/RON A)NAGOME/NOIS ZHTH/MASIN A(RMO/ZONTA KEFA/LAIA DEI/KNUSI, LE/GWN O(/TI PA/NTA TA\ A)NAGO/MENA ZHTH/MATA EI)S TO\N STOXASMO\N E)PIDE/XETAI KEFA/LAIA TA/DE KAI\ TA\ A)NAGO/-MENA EI)S TO\N O(/RON TA/DE KAI\ E)PI\ TW=N LOIPW=N W(SAU/TWS. E)PEIDH\ DE/, W(/SPER TW=N *(ELLHNIKW=N LE/CEWN EI)SI/ TINES A)SH/MANTOI KAI\ EI)S OU)DEMI/AN TW=N KATHGORIW=N A)NAGO/-MENAI W(S H( SKINDAYO\S KAI\ H( BLI/TURI, OU(/TWS EI)SI\ KAI/ TINA TW=N PROBLHMA/TWN A)SU/STATA KAI\ MH\ DIAIROU/MENA MHDE\ EI)/S TINA TW=N STA/SEWN A)NAGO/MENA, DIDA/SKEI KAI\ TAU=TA, I(/N', EI) PROTEQH=| TOIOU=TO/N TI, EI)DW=MEN KAI\ MH\ E)PIXEIRW=MEN TH=| AU)TOU= DIAIRE/SEI. OU) TAU=TA DE\ MO/NA POIEI=, A)LLA\ KAI\ E)/TI PRO\ TOU/TWN PROSW/PWN KAI\ PRAG-MA/TWN DIAFORA\N PARADI/DWSI SUMBALLOME/NHN EI)/S TE TH\N TW=N SUNESTW/TWN KAI\ A)SUSTA/TWN PROBLHMA/TWN DIA/GNW-SIN KAI\ EI)S TH\N TW=N SUNESTW/TWN DIAI/RESIN. KAI\ A(PLW=S, W(/SPER O( *)ARISTOTE/LHS E)N TH=| LOGIKH=| AU)TOU= PRAGMATEI/A| E)N PRW/TOIS ME\N TA\S A(PLA=S DIDA/SKEI FWNA/S, EI)=TA TA\S TOU/TWN SUNQE/SEIS EI)S PROTA/SEWN GE/NESIN EI)S TO\ *PERI\ E(RMHNEI/AS @1 E)RXO/MENOS PARADI/DWSI KAI\ TELEUTAI=ON TOU\S E)K TW=N PRO-TA/SEWN SUNTEQEIME/NOUS SULLOGISMOU\S KAI\ TA\S TW=N PRO-TA/SEWN EU)PORI/AS E)N TOI=S *)ANALUTIKOI=S DEI/KNUSIN, OU(/TW KAI\ O( *(ERMOGE/NHS E)N TW=| PARO/NTI BIBLI/W| POIEI=, E)N PRW/-TOIS ME\N TA\ A(PLOU/STATA KAI\ TA\ W(SPEREI\ STOIXEI=A TW=N ZHTHMA/TWN PARADIDOU/S_EI)=EN D' A)\N TAU=TA TA\ PRO/S-WPA KAI\ TA\ PRA/GMATA_, EI)=TA TA\ E)K TOU/TWN SUNTEQEI-ME/NA ZHTH/MATA, EI)=TA TH\N EU)PORI/AN TW=N E)N TOI=S ZHTH/-MASI KEFALAI/WN. _*EI) DE/ TIS EI)/POI "3KAI\ TI/ GA/R; OU) TE/S-SARES SKOPOI\ TOU= PARO/NTOS BIBLI/OU, A)LL' EI(=S MO/NOS A)PODE/DOTAI, EI)/ GE OU) PERI\ TH=S EI)S TA\ KEFA/LAIA DIAIRE/-SEWS MO/NON A)LLA\ PRO\ TAU/THS KAI\ PERI\ PROSW/PWN KAI\ PRAGMA/TWN KAI\ SUNESTW/TWN KAI\ A)SUSTA/TWN E)N AU)TW=| O( TEXNOGRA/FOS DIE/CEISIN;"3 E)ROU=MEN PRW=TON ME/N, O(/TI OU) POLLOU\S A)LL' E(/NA DE/ON SKOPO\N PANTO\S BIBLI/OU A)PODI/DO-SQAI: E)/PEITA DE/, O(/TI, EI) KAI\ PERI\ PA/NTWN TW=N R(HQE/N-TWN E)N TOU/TW| TW=| BIBLI/W| DIALAMBA/NEI O( TEXNIKO/S, A)LL' OU)X W(S PA/NTWS SKOPO\N E)/XWN PERI\ PA/NTWN DIALABEI=N: PERI\ MO/NHS GA\R TH=S EI)S TA\ KEFA/LAIA TW=N POLITIKW=N ZHTHMA/TWN DIAIRE/SEWS SKOPO\N E)/XWN EI)PEI=N, TA\ LOIPA\ TRI/A W(S SUMBALLO/MENA TW=| SKOPW=| SUMPARE/LABE. *KAI\ O( ME\N SKOPO\S TOU= BIBLI/OU TOIOU=TOS. I)/DWMEN DE\ KAI\ TO\ XRH/SIMON. @*XRHSIMEU/EI TOI/NUN TO\ PARO\N BIBLI/ON PRW=TON ME\N EI)S TO\ EI)DE/NAI, POI=A TW=N PROBLHMA/TWN MELETHTE/ON KAI\ POI=A OU)/: E)/TI DE\ KAI/, POI=A ME\N A)GWNIZOME/NOIS, POI=A DE\ KAI\ GUMNAZOME/NOIS MO/NON MELETHTE/ON: TELEUTAI=ON DE\ KAI\ EI)S TO\ GINW/SKEIN, TI/NA XRH\ LE/GEIN E)N PANTI\ SUNESTW=TI ZHTH/-MATI TO\N KATHGOROU=NTA KAI\ TI/NA TO\N A)POLOGOU/MENON, @1 KAI\ POI/OIS ME\N KEFALAI/OIS E)N TOI=S STOXASTIKOI=S XRH-STE/ON ZHTH/MASI, POI/OIS DE\ E)N TOI=S O(RIKOI=S, KAI\ E)N TOI=S A)/LLOIS O(MOI/WS. *)EPEI\ DE/ TINES A)NASKEUA/ZEIN PEIRW=NTAI TOU= BIBLI/OU TO\ XRH/SIMON DEIKNU/NTES, W(S OU) MO/NON OU)K E)/STI XRH/SIMON TO\ PARO\N BIBLI/ON A)LLA\ TOU)NANTI/ON KAI\ TA\ ME/GISTA KATABLA/PTON TOU\S METIO/NTAS AU)TO/, A(/MA ME\N KAI\ TOU\S TW=N A)NASKEUAZO/NTWN, A(/MA DE\ KAI\ TOU\S TW=N DIELEGXO/NTWN TA\S A)NASKEUA\S LO/GOUS PROQH/SOMEN KAI\ E(KATE/ROUS W(S E)/XEI QEWRH/SOMEN. _*FASI/ TINES MH\ EI)=NAI XRH/SIMON PRO\S R(HTORIKH\N TO\ PARO\N SU/GGRAMMA: KAI\ GA/R, FASI/, PERI\ [2TW=N]2 KAQO/LOU DIALAMBA/NEI, [KAI\] OI(=ON PERI\ KAQO/LOU STOXASMOU= KAI\ O(/ROU, TOU=TO DE\ FILOSOFI/AS, OU) R(HTORIKH=S. *PRO\S OU(\S LE/GETAI, O(/TI AI( TE/XNAI KAQOLIKA\S E)/XOUSI TA\S MEQO/DOUS, TA\ DE\ A)POTELE/SMATA MERIKA/, OI(=ON H( ME\N ME/QODOS TOU= STOXASMOU= KAQOLIKH/ E)STIN, O( DE\ *KAT' *AI)SXI/NOU MERIKO\S W(S A)POTE/LESMA. _*(/ETEROS PA/LIN LE/GEI "3OU) XRH/SIMON TO\ BIBLI/ON A)LLA\ TOU)NANTI/ON KAI\ BLA/PTON: I)DOU\ GA/R, O( *DHMOSQE/NHS KAI\ OI( KAT' E)KEI=NON TO\N XRO/NON MH\ O)/NTOS TOU/TOU OI(=OI GEGO/NASI QAUMASTOI/, H(MEI=S DE\ A)NAGINW/SKONTES AU)TO\ OU) GINO/MEQA TOIOU=TOI"3. *LE/GETAI DE\ KAI\ PRO\S TOU/TOUS, O(/TI KA)KEI=NOI EI)=XON TH\N ME/QODON TAU/THN: KAI\ GA\R E)N TOI=S *DHMOSQE/NOUS LO/GOIS TH\N DIAI/RESIN TAU/THN TW=N KEFALAI/WN EU(RI/SKOMEN: E)/NQEN KAI\ O( TEXNIKO\S A)NALECA/MENOS TO\ PARO\N E)KDE/DWKE SU/N-TAGMA: OU)K A)SKOU=MEN DE\ PO/NON H(MEI=S, O(/SON O( *DHMOSQE/-NHS, KAI\ PARA\ TH\N H(METE/RAN R(A|QUMI/AN, OU) PARA\ TH\N TE/XNHN TOU=TO GI/NETAI. _*TRI/TON E)PIXEI/RHMA TW=N A)NAI-ROU/NTWN TO\ TOU= BIBLI/OU XRH/SIMON TOU=TO: FASI\ GA/R, O(/TI OU)DE\N H(MA=S PLE/ON TO\ PARO\N DIDA/SKEI BIBLI/ON, W(=N H( FU/- @1SIS DI/DWSI, KAI\ TOU=TO PISTOU=NTAI E)K TOU= KAI\ I)DIW/TAS KRINOME/NOUS E)PI/ TISIN E)GKLH/MASI TOU/TOIS XRH=SQAI TOI=S KEFALAI/OIS. *LE/GETAI DE\ KAI\ PRO\S TOU=TO, O(/TI, EI) KE/XRHN-TAI TOI=S KEFALAI/OIS OI( I)DIW=TAI, A)LL' W(S E)/TUXE MH\ FULA/T-TONTES TA/CIN. *OU(=TOI ME\N OU)=N OI( TW=N A)NASKEUAZO/NTWN TO\ XRH/SIMON TOU= BIBLI/OU [2KAI\ OI( TOU\S A)NASKEUA/ZONTAS]2 A)NATRE/PONTES LO/GOI. @*)/IDWMEN DE\ KAI/, PO/QEN DEI/KNUTAI TOU= *(ERMOGE/NOUS EI)=NAI TO\ [2PARO\N]2 SU/GGRAMMA. O(/TI ME\N OU)=N GNH/SIO/N E)STI TOU= *(ERMOGE/NOUS [TO\ PARO\N SU/GGRAMMA] KAI\ TOUTI\ TO\ BIBLI/ON, DH=LON KAI\ E)K TH=S A(PA/NTWN SUMFWNI/AS KAI\ E)C W(=N AU)TO\S KAI\ E)N TW=| *PERI\ I)DEW=N KAI\ E)N TW=| *PERI\ EU(RE/SEWN TOU/TOU ME/MNHTAI: E)/TI DE\ KAI\ E)K TH=S U(/LHS KAI\ TOU= EI)/DOUS: EI) BOU/LEI DE/, KAI\ E)K TH=S EI)S A)/TOPON A)PAGWGH=S: EI) GA\R MH\ TOU= *(ERMOGE/NOUS TO\ PARO\N BIBLI/ON DW/SOMEN EI)=NAI, A)KE/-FALON TH\N *(RHTORIKH\N AU)TOU= TE/XNHN SUMBH/SETAI KAQE-STA/NAI. @*)OFEI/LOMEN DE\ KAI\ TH\N TA/CIN TOU= PARO/NTOS BIBLI/OU PRO\S TA\S A)/LLAS TH=S *(RHTORIKH=S PRAGMATEI/AS ZHTH=SAI. A)LLA\ DIA\ TI/ ME\N AU)TOU= TO\ *PERI\ PROGUMNASMA/TWN PROTE/-TAKTAI, E)N TW=| EI)S E)KEI=NA EI)RH/KAMEN U(POMNH/MATI: LOIPO\N O)FEI/LOMEN ZHTH=SAI, DIA\ TI/ TW=N MET' AU)TO\ H)/GOUN TOU= *PERI\ EU(RE/SEWN KAI\ TOU= *PERI\ I)DEW=N PROTE/TAKTAI. KAI/ FAMEN, @1 O(/TI O( LO/GOS ZW/|W| E)/OIKEN: W(/SPER OU)=N TO\ ZW=|ON YUXH\N E)/XEI KAI\ SW=MA KAI\ MORFH/N, OU(/TW KAI\ O( LO/GOS. KAI\ TA\ ME\N TH=| YUXH=| A)NALOGOU=NTA TO\ PARO\N BIBLI/ON DIDA/SKEI: TA\S GA\R TW=N KEFALAI/WN FU/SEIS KAI\ TO\N TOU/TWN OI(ONEI\ NOU=N E)N AU)TW=| MANQA/NOMEN. TA\ DE\ TW=| SW/MATI A)NA/LOGA TO\ *PERI\ EU(RE/SEWN BIBLI/ON PARADI/DWSI: TH\N GA\R FRA/SIN A)NA-LOGOU=SAN TW=| SW/MATI E)N E)KEI/NW| DIDASKO/MEQA: TA\ DE\ TO\N TH=S MORFH=S KAI\ TO\N TOU= SXH/MATOS LO/GON PLHROU=N-TA E)N TW=| *PERI\ I)DEW=N MANQA/NOMEN. W(S OU)=N H( YUXH\ TIMIWTE/RA TOU= SW/MATOS, OU(/TW KAI\ TO\ DIDA/SKON TA\ TH=| YUXH=| A)NALO-GOU=NTA BIBLI/ON TW=N A)/LLWN PROTE/TAKTAI: KAI\ PA/LIN W(/SPER TO\ SW=MA PRW=TON TOU= SXH/MATOS KAI\ TW=N A)/LLWN SUM-BEBHKO/TWN, OU(/TW KAI\ TO\ *PERI\ EU(RE/SEWN PROTE/TAKTAI TOU= *PERI\ I)DEW=N. 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H)/KMASE DE\ E)N TH=| TRI/TH| FORA=| TW=N R(HTO/RWN, H(\N KAI\ *)ASIANH/N TINES W)NOMA/KASI. PRW/TH ME\N GA\R H( TW=N A)GRA/FWS TH\N R(HTORIKH\N METELQO/NTWN, H(=S KAI\ *QEMISTOKLH=S GE/GONE KAI\ *PERIKLH=S KAI\ *MILTIA/DHS KAI\ *KI/MWN: DEUTE/RA DE\ H( META\ TO\N *GORGI/OU E)K *SIKELI/AS EI)S TA\S *)AQH/NAS KATA/PLOUN GEGENHME/NH, E)N H(=| KAI\ *DHMOSQE/-NHS H)/NQHSE KAI\ *AI)SXI/NHS KAI\ OI( LOIPOI\ TH=S QESPESI/AS LEGOME/NHS DEKA/DOS: TRI/TH DE\ H( META\ [2TH\N]2 TW=N *)AQH-NAI/WN KATA/LUSIN E)N *(RW/MH| [KAI\] U(PO\ *MA/RKOU TOU= FILO-LOGWTA/TOU AU)TOKRA/TOROS GENOME/NH, KAQ' H(\N H)/KMASEN [2O(]2 SOFISTH\S *(ERMOGE/NHS. 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LE/GE-TAI DE\ KAI\ *)ANTI/OXON TO\N SOFISTH\N A)NTI/TEXNON O)/NTA AU)TW=| E)PEIPEI=N TA/DE "3*(ERMOGE/NHS O( E)N PAISI\ ME\N GE/RWN, E)N DE\ GE/ROUSI PAI=S"3. A)LL' OU(=TOS TW=N *)ISOKRA/TOUS W(S E)/OIKEN @1 E)PELE/LHSTO LO/GWN, O(\S H(MI=N E)K MEIRAKI/WN PARAINEI= MH-DENI\ SUMFORA\N O)NEIDI/ZEIN TO/ TE TOU= ME/LLONTOS A)/DHLON KAI\ TO\ TH=S TU/XHS A)/STATON E)KLOGIZOME/NOIS. @*)ALL' E)PEI\ TA\ [2PERI\]2 TOU= TEXNOGRA/FOU I(STOROU/MENA DIECH/LQOMEN, I)/DWMEN KAI\ TA\ KATA\ TOU= PRW/TOU E)PIGRA/M-MATOS A)POROU/MENA. ZHTOU=SI/ TINES, A)NQ' O(/TOU *TE/XNHN R(HTORIKH\N TO\ *PERI\ TW=N STA/SEWN O)NOMA/ZEI BIBLI/ON KAI/TOI OU) PERI\ PA/SHS ME/LLWN E)NTAU=QA TH=S R(HTORIKH=S DIALE/GESQAI: OU) MO/NON GA\R OU)K EI)S PA/NTA TA\ EI)/DH TH=S R(HTORIKH=S TO\ *PERI\ TW=N STA/SEWN SUNTELEI= A)LL' OU)DE\ EI)S TE/LEION LO/GON: TOI=S GA\R A)GW=SI MO/NOIS XRH/SIMOS H( PERI\ TOU/TWN PRAGMA-TEI/A, OI( DE\ A)GW=NES OU) TE/LEIOS LO/GOS A)LLA\ ME/ROS TOU= LO/GOU. 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O(/TI ME\N OU)=N OU)K H)PO/REI PERI\ TOU= EI)DIKWTE/ROU, DH=LON: A(/PANTES GA\R I)/SMEN, O(/TI PERI\ TH=S EI)S TA\ KEFA/LAIA TW=N POLITI-KW=N ZHTHMA/TWN DIAIRE/SEWS DIALE/GETAI, KAI\ AU)TO\S DE\ E)N TW=| BIBLI/W| TOU=TO/ FHSIN. EI) DE\ KAI\ DI' E(/TERO/N TINA LO/GON OU(/TWS E)PE/GRAYEN, E)/DEI TO\N LO/GON AU)TOU\S A)PODIDO/NAI KAI\ MH\ YILW=S A)POFAI/NESQAI, O(/TI TW=| GENIKW=| E)XRH/SATO. _ *)/ESTIN OU)=N E)F' A(/PASI TOU/TOIS TO\N A)LHQH= FA/NAI LO/GON, W(S EI)KO/TWS EI)/H TO\ BIBLI/ON E)PIGEGRAMME/NON *TE/XNH R(HTO-RIKH/: TO\ GA\R PA=N TH=S TE/XNHS E)NTAU=QA QEWREI=TAI KAI\ PRO\S TOU=TO R(E/PEI TO\ SU/NTAGMA: TA\ GA\R PROOI/MIA KAI\ OI( E)PI/LOGOI DIA\ TOU\S A)GW=NAS PAREILHMME/NOI EI)SI/: TA\ ME\N GA\R PROOI/MIA KATASTATIKA\ TOU= A)GW=NOS PARALAM-BA/NOMEN, TOU\S DE\ E)PILO/GOUS H)\ DI' AU)/CHSIN H)\ DI' A)NAKE-FALAI/WSIN TW=N E)N TOI=S A)GW=SI LEXQE/NTWN. OU)KOU=N DIA-FERO/NTWS ME\N KATA\ TA\ ME/RH TOU= LO/GOU, DUNA/MEI DE\ KATA\ TA\ EI)/DH *TE/XNH R(HTORIKH\ E)PIGE/GRAPTAI TOU=TO TO\ BIBLI/ON U(PO/ TINWN. A)LLA\ MH\N KAI\ PA/NTA TA\ EI)/DH E)NERGEI/A| H)\ DUNA/MEI STASIA/ZETAI. DUNA/MEI ME\N OU)=N KAI\ E)NERGEI/A| STA-SIA/ZETAI TO\ DIKANIKO\N KAI\ ME/ROS TOU= SUMBOULEUTIKOU=, O(\ KAI\ AU)TO\ SUMBOULEUTIKO\N KALEI=TAI, W(S EI)/RHTAI A)NW- @1TE/RW. DUNA/MEI DE\ STASIA/ZETAI TO/ TE PANHGURIKO\N KAI\ TO\ PARAINETIKO/N. TO\ ME\N OU)=N PANHGURIKO/N, W(/SPER A)\N [2EI)/]2 TIS E)GKWMIA/ZOI TINA\ PAR' *)AQHNAI/OIS E)GNWSME/NON, OI(=ON *PLA/TWNA TO\N FILO/SOFON, EI)/POI DE\ PERI\ AU)TOU=, O(/TI DI/KAIOS O( *PLA/TWN KAI\ SWFROSU/NHN TIMW=N KAI\ PAIDEI/AS EI)S A)/KRON A)FIGME/NOS: PARA\ ME\N GA\R AU)TOI=S W(S E)GNWSME/-NOU TOU= *PLA/TWNOS TO\ E)GKW/MION OU) STASIASQH/SETAI: EI) DE/ TIS PARA\ *SKU/QAIS H)\ A)/LLOIS TISI\N A)GNOOU=SI TAU=TA LE/GOI PERI\ AU)TOU=, A)MFISBHTOU=SI PA/NTWS, EI) TAU=Q' OU(/TWS E)/XEI. TO\ DE\ PARAINETIKO\N KAI\ AU)TO\ DUNA/MEI STASIA/ZETAI, OI(=ON EI)/ TIS LE/GOI DEI=N TIMA=N TO\ DAIMO/NION: PRO\S ME\N GA\R TH\N KOINH\N E)/NNOIAN W(MOLO/GHTAI, PARA\ DE\ TOI=S *)EPIKOUREI/OIS E)/LQOI A)\N EI)S A)MFISBH/THSIN: OI( GA\R A)PRONO/HTA EI)=NAI PA/NTA LE/GONTES KAI\ TH\N EI)S TO\ QEI=ON E)PIME/LEIAN H(GOU=N-TAI PERITTH/N. TOU/TWN DE\ OU(/TWS E)XO/NTWN DOKOU=SI KALW=S TH\N A(RMO/TTOUSAN E)PIGRAFH\N TW=| O(/LW| KATA\ TO\ E)CAI/RETON E)PI\ TO\ SU/NTAGMA TOU=TO METENEGKEI=N. @*KAI\ TAU=TA ME\N TA\ KATA\ TH=S PRW/THS E)PIGRAFH=S A)PO-ROU/MENA KAI\ AI( TOU/TWN LU/SEIS. 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KAI\ W(/SPER E)N TW=| *PERI\ EU(RE/SEWN BIBLI/W| E)PI-GRAFH=S OU)/SHS "3*(ERMOGE/NOUS *TE/XNH PERI\ EU(RE/SEWN: PERI\ TW=N E)C U(POLH/YEWS PROOIMI/WN"3, TO\ ME\N [OU)=N] "3*(ER-MOGE/NOUS *TE/XNH PERI\ EU(RE/SEWN"3 KOINO/N E)STI TOU= O(/LOU BIBLI/OU, TO\ DE\ "3PERI\ TW=N E)C U(POLH/YEWS PROOIMI/WN"3 MO/NOU E)STI\ TOU= ME/ROUS, PERI\ OU(= PRW=TON DIALAMBA/NEI, OU(/TW KAI\ E)N TW=| PARO/NTI DIPLH=S TH=S E)PIGRAFH=S OU)/SHS TO\ ME\N AU)TH=S KOINO/N E)STI PA/NTWN TW=N PERI\ R(HTORIKH=S SUG-GRAMMA/TWN, TO\ DE\ MO/NW| TW=| PROKEIME/NW| BIBLI/W| A(RMO/-ZEI. *KAI\ TAU=TA ME\N KAI\ PERI\ TH=S TOU= BIBLI/OU E)PI-GRAFH=S. @*TE/MNETAI DE\ TO\ PARO\N BIBLI/ON EI)/S TE AU)TO\N TO\N SKOPO\N KAI\ EI)S TA\ TW=| SKOPW=| SUMBALLO/MENA, EI)=EN D' A)\N TAU=TA H( DIAFORA\ TW=N PROSW/PWN KAI\ TW=N PRAGMA/TWN KAI\ H( PERI\ TW=N SUNESTW/TWN KAI\ A)SUSTA/TWN DIDASKALI/A. KAI\ GA/R, W(/SPER O( *)ARISTOTE/LHS E)N TAI=S *KATHGORI/AIS PRW=-TON ME\N TA\ SUMBALLO/MENA TW=| SKOPW=| O(MW/NUMA KAI\ PARW/NUMA KAI\ SUNW/NUMA KAI\ E(TERW/NUMA KAI\ TOIAU=TA/ TINA DIDA/SKEI KAI\ U(/STERON AU)TO\N TO\N SKOPO\N PARADI/-DWSIN, OU(/TW KAI\ *(ERMOGE/NHS E)N TW=| PARO/NTI POIEI= PRO\ TOU= SKOPOU= TA\ TW=| SKOPW=| SUMBALLO/MENA E)KTIQE/MENOS. @*DIDASKALIKW=N DE\ TRO/PWN O)/NTWN TESSA/RWN, O( ME\N *FW/TIOS TOI=S TRISI\ LE/GEI E)N TW=| PARO/NTI TO\N *(ERMOGE/NHN @1 XRH/SASQAI: TW=| ME\N O(RISTIKW=|, H(NI/KA TO\ POLITIKO\N O(RI/-ZETAI ZH/THMA, TW=| DE\ DIAIRETIKW=|, H(NI/KA DIAIREI= TA\S STA/SEIS EI)S TA\ KEFA/LAIA, TW=| DE\ A)NALUTIKW=|, H(NI/KA A)NALU/EI TO\ POLI-TIKO\N ZH/THMA EI)S TA/, E)C W(=N SUNETE/QH. H(MEI=S DE\ LE/GOMEN, O(/TI KAI\ TW=| A)PODEIKTIKW=| KE/XRHTAI A)PODEIKNU/WN MH\ EI)=NAI A(PLOU=N [2A)TELH=]2 STOXASMO\N E)K MO/NWN PROSW/PWN SUN-ESTHKO/TA. @*)ANAFE/RETAI DE\ KAI\ TO\ PARO\N BIBLI/ON U(PO\ TO\ LOGI-KO\N TH=S FILOSOFI/AS, O(/PER EI)/TE ME/ROS E)STI\N AU)TH=S EI)/TE O)/RGANON, TOI=S E)CHGOUME/NOIS TH\N LOGIKH\N TOU= *)ARISTOTE/-LOUS PRAGMATEI/AN [2E)NTUXW\N]2 A)KRIBE/STERON EI)/SH|. @*TOU/TOIS A(/PASI KA)KEI/NHN O( *FW/TIOS PROSTI/QHSI TH\N ZH/THSIN. A)POREI= GA/R, DIA\ TI/ KAI\ A)/LLWN POLLW=N TH\N TOIAU/-THN POIHSA/NTWN *TE/XNHN MO/NOS E)K PA/NTWN O( *(ERMOGE/-NHS PROTETI/MHTAI KAI\ MO/NON AU)TO\N E)CHGOU=NTAI. KAI\ E)PI-LU/ETAI TO\ A)/PORON O( AU)TO\S LE/GWN, O(/TI METAGENE/STEROS TW=N A)/LLWN, KAI\ O(/TI OU) MO/NON AU)TO\S TA\ TW=N A)/LLWN A)KRI-BW=S O( *(ERMOGE/NHS H)PI/STATO, A)LLA\ KAI\ OI)/KOQEN POLLA\ PROSEPENO/HSEN, H)\ O(/TI SAFE/STERON TW=N A)/LLWN [6E)/GRAYEN: OI( ME\N]6 GA\R A)/LLOI SUMMI/CANTES TW=| SUGGRA/MMATI, W(=N EI(=S @1 KAI\ *MINOUKIANO/S, TO\N P[6ERI\ I)]6DEW=N KAI\ [6TRO/PW]6N LO/GON KAI/ TINA MHDE\N SUMBA/LLONTA TW=| SKOPW=| A)SA/FEIAN E)POI/H-SAN, O( DE\ MO/NA TA\ S[6UNTEI/N]6ONTA TW=| [6SKOPW=| SU]6NE/TACEN: H)\ O(/TI OU) TOSAU=TA H(/MARTEN O( *(ERMOGE/NHS, O(/SA KAI\ OI( A)/LLOI: OI( ME\N [2GA\R]2 A)/LLOI PERI\ A)P[ ] MO/NOU E)DI/DACAN, O( DE\ *(ERMOGE/NHS TO\ *PERI\ I)DEW=N E)POI/HSEN, E)N W(=| OU) MO/NON AU)TO/N TIS OU)X U(PERE/BALLE[6N, A)LL' OU)DE\ O(/]6-MOION AU)TO\S E)PEXEI/RHSE POIH=SAI. @1 艆{1*I*W*A*N*N*O*U *T*O*U *D*O*C*A*P*A*T*R*H *E*I*S *T*O *P*E*R*I *E*U*R*E*S*E*W*S *E*R*M*O*G*E*N*O*U*S *B*I*B*L*I*O*N}1 @*TH=S TOU= *PERI\ EU(RE/SEWS BIBLI/OU A)RXO/MENOI SU\N QEW=| E)CHGH/SEWS DEI=N W)|H/QHMEN PRO\ TH=S KATA\ LE/CIN TOU= KEI-ME/NOU QEWRI/AS TA\ EI)WQO/TA ZHTEI=SQAI PRO\ PANTO\S TEXNI-KOU= SUGGRA/MMATOS ZHTH=SAI KEFA/LAIA, FHMI\ DH\ TO\N SKO-PO/N, TO\ XRH/SIMON, TO\ GNH/SION, TH\N TA/CIN TH=S A)NAGNW/-SEWS, TH\N AI)TI/AN TH=S E)PIGRAFH=S, TH\N EI)S TA\ ME/RH TOMH/N, TO\N TRO/PON TO\N DIDASKALIKO/N, TO\N XARAKTH=RA KAI\ TH\N U(PO\ TI/ ME/ROS A)NAFORA/N. TOU/TWN DE\ TW=N KEFALAI/WN E)/NIOI ME\N TW=N TO\ PARO\N E)CHGHSAME/NWN BIBLI/ON OU)D' O(/LWS E)MNH/-SQHSAN, OI(\ KAI\ SUNTO/MWS KAI\ W(S OI(=O/N TE DIA\ BRAXE/WN TA\S EI)S AU)TO\ PONHQEI/SAS AU)TOI=S QEWRI/AS EI)RGA/SANTO: W(/STE KAI\ SUMBAI/NEI E)K TOU/TOU MH\ MA=LLON AU)TOU\S TA\ TOU= *(ERMOGE/NOUS E(RMHNEU/EIN DOKEI=N H)\ E)KEI=NA E)CH/GHSIN TOU/-TWN E)/XEIN KAI\ E(RMHNEI/AN: OU) GA/R, W(/SPER E)N TOI=S A)/LLOIS TA\ TW=N E)CHGH/SEWN BIBLI/A PLATU/TERON E)KFE/ROUSI TA\ DIA\ @1 BRAXE/WN E)N TOI=S KEIME/NOIS DHLOU/MENA KAI\ PARA\ TOU=TO SAFH= TOI=S METIOU=SI TAU=TA PARASKEUA/ZOUSI KAI\ EU)SU/N-OPTA, OU(/TW KA)NTAU=QA GI/NETAI: TOU)NANTI/ON DE\ MA=LLON TO\ EI)S E)CH/GHSIN AU)TOI=S PROKEI/MENON BIBLI/ON MEI=ZON KATA\ POLU\ TW=N EI)S AU)TO\ KATABLHQEISW=N E)CHGH/SEWN FAI/NETAI. W(/STE KAI\ SUMBAI/NEI TA\ PLEI/W TW=N E)N AU)TW=| A)MNHMO/NEUTA KAQESTA/NAI KAI\ TOI=S METIOU=SIN O(/SON TO\ KAT' AU)TOU\S A)GNOOU/MENA. A)LL' OI( ME\N PLEI/ONES W(S E)/FHMEN TW=N E)CH-GHTW=N OU)DE\N E)N TW=| PARO/NTI TW=N A)NWTE/RW PROTEQE/NTWN H(MI=N ZHTH=SAI H)CI/WSAN: EI(=S DE/ TIS O( KAI\ TELEW/TEROS A(PA/NTWN DO/CAS KAI\ A)KRIBE/STEROS, OI)=MAI DE\ TOU=TON TO\N TH=| SUGKE/LLWN A)CI/A| DIAPRE/YANTA KAI\ TO\N A)RXIERATIKO\N TH=S TW=N *SA/RDEWN MHTROPO/LEWS LAXO/NTA DIE/PEIN QRO/-NON EI)=NAI, O(/STIS KAI\ TO\ *PERI\ TW=N PROGUMNASMA/TWN TOU= *)AFQONI/OU BIBLI/ON U(POMNHMATI/SAI NOMI/ZETAI, FAI/NETAI TOU/-TWN MNEI/AN POIOU/MENOS, OU) ME/NTOI OU)DE\ OU(=TOS A(PA/NTWN A)LLA\ DU/O MO/NON H)\ KAI\ TRIW=N: TH/N TE GA\R TA/CIN TOU= PAR-O/NTOS BIBLI/OU E)N PRW/TOIS FAI/NETAI PARADIDOU/S, EI)=TA TH\N AI)TI/AN TH=S E)PIGRAFH=S, META\ TAU=TA DE\ KAI\ TO\N SKO-PO/N, O(\N KAI\ TW=N A)/LLWN A(PA/NTWN DE/ON PROTA/TTESQAI, EI)/ GE DEI= TW=| *PLA/TWNI PEI/QESQAI LE/GONTI MI/AN A)RXH\N EI)=NAI TOU= KALW=S GINW/SKEIN [2TO\ EI)DE/NAI]2, PERI\ O(/TOU E)STI\N H( SKE/YIS. E)PEIDH\ TOI/NUN A(/PANTA TAU=TA KAI\ E)PI\ TOU= PARO/N-TOS BIBLI/OU ZHTH=SAI H(MEI=S PROEQE/MEQA, FE/RE TH\N PROS-H/KOUSAN TA/CIN TW=N KEFALAI/WN THROU=NTES E)N PRW/TOIS TO\N SKOPO\N TOU= BIBLI/OU A)NAKALU/YWMEN. TO\ GA\R OI(=OS TH\N FU/SIN O( TEXNOGRA/FOS E)GE/NETO KAI\ H( TOU=TON E)NEGKAME/NH TI/S KAI\ E)N POI/A| FORA=| TW=N R(HTO/RWN H)/KMASE KAI\ TA)=LLA, O(/SA PERI\ AU)TOU= I(STO/RHTAI, E)N TW=| EI)S TA\S *STA/SEIS H(MI=N @1 PONHQE/NTI U(POMNH/MATI EI)/RHTAI: DIO\ KAI\ PERI/ERGON KAI\ PERITTO\N A)/LLWS E)KRI/NAMEN TO\ TA\ AU)TA\ PERI\ TW=N AU)TW=N PA/LIN DIALABEI=N. @*)ISTE/ON TOI/NUN, O(/TI SKOPO\N E)/XEI O( TEXNOGRA/FOS E)N TW=| PARO/NTI BIBLI/W| DIDA/CAI H(MA=S, PW=S DEI= PROOIMIA/ZESQAI KAI\ PW=S DIHGEI=SQAI, E)/TI DE\ PW=S DEI= EI)SA/GEIN TA\ KEFA/-LAIA [KAI\] TA/ TE OI)KEI=A KAI\ [2TA\]2 TW=N A)NTIDI/KWN KAI\ PW=S DEI= TA\ ME\N KATASKEUA/ZEIN, TA\ DE\ LU/EIN. META\ DE\ TAU=TA SXH/MATA/ TINA DIDA/SKEI, A(/PER GINO/MENA KA/LLOS TOI=S LO/GOIS PEFU/KASIN E)MPOIEI=N. TOU/TWN DE\ TW=N TRIW=N E(KA/STOU, TW=N PROOIMI/WN FHMI\ KAI\ TW=N DIHGH/SEWN KAI\ TW=N A)GW/NWN, EI)KO/NAS TINA\S KAI\ TU/POUS E)N TOI=S *PROGU-MNA/SMASI MEMAQH/KAMEN: E(/KASTON GA\R E)KEI/NWN EI)KO/NA ME/-ROUS TOU= LO/GOU E)/SW|ZEN, OI(=ON O( ME\N MU=QOS PROOIMI/OU: EI) GA\R TOU= PROOIMI/OU TOU=TO/ E)STIN E)/RGON TO\ PARASKEUA/ZEIN TO\N A)KROATH\N KAI\ OI)KEI/WS DIATIQE/NAI EI)S TH\N GNW=SIN TW=N R(HQHSOME/NWN E)N TH=| DIHGH/SEI, A)NAGKAI=ON PA/NTWS KAI\ TO\N MU=QON PROOIMI/W| A)NALOGEI=N W(S PARASKEUA/ZONTA KAI\ AU)TO\N TOU\S A)KROATA\S EI)S TH\N TOU= E)PIMUQI/OU E)PI/STASIN. A)LL' O( ME\N MU=QOS EI)KO/NA W(S LE/GOMEN EI)=XE PROOIMI/OU, TO\ DE\ DIH/GHMA KAI\ H( E)/KFRASIS TH=S DIHGH/SEWS TO\ ME\N TH=S E)GKATASKEU/OU KAI\ A(PLH=S, TO\ DIH/GHMA, H(\ DE\ TH=S E)NDIA-SKEU/OU, H( E)/KFRASIS: EI) GA\R E)/RGON E)STI\ TH=S E)NDIASKEU/OU DIHGH/SEWS TO\ E)N LEPTW=| LE/GEIN TA\ PRA/GMATA, PA/NTWS AI( E)KFRA/SEIS E)NDIASKEU/WS LE/GONTAI DIA\ TO\ PARASKEUA/ZE-SQAI H(MA=S E)N AU)TAI=S E)K TOU= PERIHGEI=SQAI KAI\ E)N LEPTW=| LE/GEIN TA\ PRA/GMATA TA\ DHLOU/MENA [2KAI\]2 U(P' O)/YIN AU)TA\ @1 E)NARGW=S A)/GEIN. KAI\ TAU=TA ME\N EI)KO/NA DIHGH/SEWS E)/SW|-ZON, H( DE\ XREI/A KAI\ H( GNW/MH, PRO\S TOU/TOIS DE\ KAI\ H( A)NA-SKEUH\ KAI\ H( KATASKEUH\ TW=N A)GW/NWN. *KAI\ O( ME\N SKO-PO\S TOU= BIBLI/OU TOIOU=TOS. @*METITE/ON DE\ LOIPO\N KAI\ E)PI\ TH\N TOU= DEUTE/ROU KEFALAI/OU ZH/THSIN, E)/STI DE\ TOU=TO TO\ XRH/SIMON. A)LL' E)PEIDH\ PERI\ PROOIMI/WN KAI\ DIHGH/SEWN KAI\ A)GW/NWN TO\ PARO\N E)/FH-MEN DIALAMBA/NEIN BIBLI/ON, R(HTE/ON PRO\ TOU/TOU, TI/NOS XA/RIN E)PINENO/HTAI TOI=S R(HTOREU/OUSI TA\ PROOI/MIA KAI\ TI/-NOS XA/RIN AI( DIHGH/SEIS KAI\ OI( A)GW=NES: OU(/TW GA\R MA=LLON SAFE\S H(MI=N TO\ TOU= BIBLI/OU GENH/SETAI XRH/SIMON. *)ISTE/ON TOI/NUN, O(/TI TA\ PROOI/MIA E)PINENO/HTAI KAI\ PRO\S A)/LLA ME/N TINA PLEI/ONA, PRO/S TE SU/STASIN TOU= OI)KEI/OU PROSW/POU KAI\ PRO\S DIABOLH\N TOU= A)NTIDI/KOU KAI\ PRO\S A)/LLA TINA/, A(\ SU\N QEW=| PROI+O/NTES MAQHSO/MEQA, MA/LISTA DE\ PRO\S TO\ PROSOXH\N TW=| A)KROATH=| E)MPOIH=SAI TW=N E)N TH=| DIHGH/SEI R(HQHSOME/NWN: EI) GA\R MH\ DIA\ TOU= PROOIMI/OU PROSE/XEIN TOI=S LEGOME/NOIS TO\N A)KROATH\N POIH/SOMEN, A)LL' A)KEFA/-LWS OI(ONEI\ PRO\S TH\N TOU= PRA/GMATOS DIDASKALI/AN XWRH/-SOMEN, EI)S MA/THN H(MI=N O( LO/GOS PROBH/SETAI DIA\ TO\ TA\ LE-GO/MENA E)N AU)TW=| TH\N TOU= A)KROATOU= DIADIDRA/SKEIN DIA/-NOIAN. TA\ ME\N OU)=N PROOI/MIA DIA\ TAU=TA E)PINENO/HTAI. *AI( DE\ DIHGH/SEIS DIA\ TO\ TOU\S A)KROATA\S DIDA/SKEIN TA\ PRA/-GMATA, DI' A(\ O( A)GW\N SUNE/STHKEN: EI) GA\R XWRI\S TAU/THS TOI=S A)GW=SIN E)PIXEIRH/SOMEN, OU)X E(/COMEN TO\N DIKASTH\N PRO\S TO\ DOKOU=N H(MI=N YHFIZO/MENON DIA\ TO\ A)GNOEI=N, PERI\ O(/TOU E)STI\N O( A)GW/N. AU)TI/KA GA\R E)PI\ TOU= ZHTH/MATOS, E)N W(=| FEU/GEI FO/NOU O( PARISTA/MENOS E)P' E)RHMI/AS TW=| NEO- @1SFAGEI= SW/MATI, EI) PRO\ TOU= DIDA/CAI TOU\S A)KROATA/S, O(/TI O( DEI=NA EU(RE/QH, E)PIXEIRH/SW DEIKNU/EIN, O(/TI AU)TO/S E)STIN O( TO\N FO/NON E)RGASA/MENOS, OU) MO/NON OU)X E(/CW TO\N DIKASTH\N SUNTIQE/MENON OI(=S LE/GW, A)LLA\ KAI\ KATAGE/LA-STOS DO/CW, W(S PRO\ TOU= DIDA/CAI TO\N TRO/PON, KAQ' O(\N E)C A)RXH=S TO\ PRA=GMA PARHKOLOU/QHSE, SPEU/DWN TW=| TOU= FO/-NOU E)GKLH/MATI E)/NOXON A)PODEI=CAI TO\N FEU/GONTA. A)LLA\ DIA\ TAU=TA ME\N KAI\ AI( DIHGH/SEIS E)PINENO/HNTAI. *OI( DE\ A)GW=NES PRO\S A)PO/DEICIN TOU= PRA/GMATOS KAI\ PRO\S NI/KHN TOU= A)NTI-DI/KOU E)PENOH/QHSAN. *TO\ TOI/NUN *PERI\ EU(RE/SEWN BIBLI/ON PERI\ PROOIMI/WN ME\N DIDA/SKON SUMBA/LLETAI H(MI=N, PRO\S A(\ KAI\ AU)TA\ TA\ PROOI/MIA XRHSIMEU/OUSIN, W(SAU/TWS KAI\ PERI\ DIHGH/SEWN KAI\ A)GW/NWN DIDA/SKON XRHSIMEU/EI H(MI=N, PRO\S A(\ KAI\ AU)TA\_AI(/ TE DIHGH/SEIS DH=LO/N GE O(/TI KAI\ OI( A)GW=-NES_SUMBA/LLONTAI. *)ALL' OU(/TW ME\N KAI\ TO\ TOU= BIBLI/OU A)PODE/DEIKTAI XRH/SIMON. @*(/OTI DE\ GNH/SION *(ERMOGE/NOUS TO\ PARO\N BIBLI/ON, DH=-LON E)/K TE TH=S A(PA/NTWN SUMFWNI/AS KAI\ E)K TOU= MEMNH=-SQAI AU)TO\N TOU= ME\N *PERI\ TW=N STA/SEWN, O(/PER A)PODE/-DEIKTAI EI)=NAI AU)TOU=, E)N TW=| PARO/NTI KAI\ TOU/TOU PA/LIN E)N E)KEI/NW|. E)N ME\N GA\R TW=| LE/GEIN E)N TW=| TRI/TW| TO/MW| TOU= PARO/NTOS BIBLI/OU "6PERI\ TH=S TW=N KEFALAI/WN ME\N EU(RE/-SEWS KATA\ TH\N DIAIRETIKH\N E)CEQE/MHN TE/XNHN"6 TOU= *PERI\ TW=N STA/SEWN MNHMONEU/EI, E)N DE\ TW=| LE/GEIN PA/LIN E)N E)KEI/-NW| "6E)/STI DE\ SXEDO\N O( AU)TO\S TW=| *PERI\ EU(RE/SEWN"6 TOU= PARO/NTOS: A)/LLWS TE DE\ EI) MH\ H)=N TOU=TO TO\ BIBLI/ON, A)TE-LH\S H)=N A)\N H( TOU= *(ERMOGE/NOUS *TE/XNH, EI)/PER E)N ME\N TW=| *PERI\ TW=N STA/SEWN YILA\ TA\ KEFA/LAIA E)KTI/QETAI, E)N DE\ @1 TW=| *PERI\ TW=N I)DEW=N TA\S I)DE/AS MO/NAS TOU= LO/GOU: A)DU/-NATON DE\ E)K MO/NWN TOU/TWN LO/GON GENE/SQAI POLITIKO/N: DEI= GA\R PRO\S TOU/TOIS KAI\ PROOIMI/OIS KOSMEI=SQAI TO\N LO/-GON KAI\ DIHGH/SESIN, E)/TI DE\ KAI\ TAI=S TW=N KEFALAI/WN KATASKEUAI=S EI)/TOUN PLATUSMOI=S: TAU=TA DE\ PA/NTA TO\ *PERI\ EU(RE/SEWN H(MA=S DIDA/SKEI BIBLI/ON. E)/TI DE\ KAI\ E)K TH=S U(/LHS KAI\ TOU= EI)/DOUS, TOUTE/STI TW=N LE/CEWN KAI\ TW=N NOH-MA/TWN, A)PODEI/KNUTAI TOU= *(ERMOGE/NOUS EI)=NAI TO\ SU/GGRAM-MA: OI)KEIO/TATA GA\R TA\ E)N AU)TW=| NOH/MATA KAI\ AI( LE/CEIS TOI=S E)N TW=| *PERI\ TW=N STA/SEWN KAI\ E)N TW=| *PERI\ TW=N I)DEW=N. *)ALL' OU(/TW ME\N KAI\ TO\ GNH/SION A)PODE/DEIKTAI. @*LOIPO\N O)FEI/LOMEN KAI\ TH\N TA/CIN ZHTH=SAI TH=S A)NA-GNW/SEWS: TA/CIN DE\ LE/GW TH\N PRO\S TA\ A)/LLA PERI\ R(HTORI-KH=S TOU= *(ERMOGE/NOUS SUGGRA/MMATA. E)NTAU=QA DE\ KAI\ ZH-TEI=TAI, DIA\ TI/ PROTETI/MHTAI TOU= PARO/NTOS BIBLI/OU TO\ *PERI\ TW=N STA/SEWN, PROETA/GH DE\ TOU=TO PA/LIN TOU= *PERI\ TW=N I)DEW=N. PRO\S O(\ LE/GOMEN, O(/TI TH\N PRO\S A)/LLHLA TW=N SUGGRAMMA/TWN FUSIKH\N A)KOLOUQI/AN FULA/TTWN KA)NTAU=-QA PROE/TACE TO\ PERI\ DIAIRE/SEWS TOU= *PERI\ EU(RE/SEWN KAI\ TOU= *PERI\ I)DEW=N. W(/SPER GA\R DEI= PRW=TON EI)=NAI TA\ DEKTI-KA\ TW=N U(GRW=N A)GGEI=A, I(/NA OU(/TWS H( TW=N U(GRW=N EI)/SXUSIS GE/NHTAI, OU(/TW DEI= PRW=TON H(MA=S TA\ KEFA/LAIA TA\ DEKTIKA\ TW=N EU(RE/SEWN KAI\ TW=N I)DEW=N MAQEI=N, EI)=Q' OU(/TW KAI\ TO\N *PERI\ EU(RE/SEWN KAI\ TO\N *PERI\ I)DEW=N LO/GON DIELQEI=N. EI) BOU/LEI DE/, W(/SPER E)PI\ TW=N ZWGRA/FWN DEI= PRW=TON EI)=NAI TO\N PI/NAKA TO\N DEKTIKO\N TW=N XRWMA/TWN, EI)=Q' OU(/TWS E(TOIMASQH=NAI KAI\ TA\ TH=| I(STORI/A| A(RMO/ZONTA XRW/MATA KAI\ TELEUTAI=ON TH\N TE/XNHN DIAKRI=NAI, POI=ON ME\N TW=N @1 XRWMA/TWN DE/ON E)N TW=|DE TEQH=NAI TW=| TO/PW| KAI\ POI=ON E)N TW=|DE, OU(/TW KAI\ E)PI\ TH=S PAROU/SHS TE/XNHS PRW=TON ME\N H(MA=S PROSH=KON MAQEI=N TA\ KEFA/LAIA TA\ DEKTIKA\ TW=N EU(RE/SEWN, TOUTE/STI TW=N E)PIXEIRHMA/TWN KAI\ TW=N A)/LLWN NOHMA/TWN, META\ DE\ TAU=TA TA\ KATASKEUASTIKA\S TW=N KEFALAI/WN EU(RE/SEIS KAI\ TELEUTAI=ON TO\N *PERI\ TW=N I)DEW=N LO/GON DIELQEI=N DIDA/SKONTA H(MA=S, OI(/AIS DEI= XRH=SQAI TAI=S E)NNOI/AIS KAI\ MEQO/DOIS KAI\ LE/CESI KAI\ TOI=S A)/LLOIS ME/-RESI TOU= LO/GOU E)N TW=|DE TW=| POLITIKW=| LO/GW| KAI\ OI(/AIS E)N TW=|DE: A)/LLWS TE DE\ EI) PRO\ TOU= *PERI\ TW=N STA/SEWN SUG-GRA/MMATOS E)DI/DACE TO\ *PERI\ EU(RE/SEWN, PROI+O/NTOS AU)-TOU= KAI\ LE/GONTOS, O(/TI TA\ A)P' A)RXH=S A)/XRI TE/LOUS KATA-SKEUA/ZONTAI TOIW=SDE KAI\ H( BOU/LHSIS KAI\ H( DU/NAMIS TOIW=SDE, QO/RUBOS A)\N H(MI=N E)PEGI/NETO MH\ GINW/SKOUSI, TI/NA EI)SI\ TA\ A)P' A)RXH=S A)/XRI TE/LOUS KAI\ TI/S H( BOU/LHSIS KAI\ TI/S H( DU/NAMIS. H( AU)TH\ DE\ DUSKOLI/A PA/LIN A)\N H(MI=N E)PEGI/NETO, KAI\ H(NI/KA PROI+W\N LE/GEI "6TEQEI/SHS GA/RTOI PA/SHS U(POQE/SEWS A)NASKOPEI=N PRW=TON A)/CION TO\ PRA=-GMA TO\ GEGENHME/NON KAI\ PERI\ OU(= H( KRI/SIS KAI\ TO\ DIKA-STH/RION SUNE/STHKEN O(POI=O/N E)STI"6: KAI\ GA\R U(POQE/SEIS E)NTAU=QA TA\ ZHTH/MATA LE/GEI: EI) [2DE\]2 MH\ PROEMA/QOMEN E)N TW=| PERI\ DIAIRE/SEWS, TI/NA EI)SI\ TA\ ZHTH/MATA, PW=S A)\N EI)/XOMEN GNW=NAI, TI/NA EI)SI\ TA\ E)N TOI=S ZHTH/MASI PRA/-GMATA; *TINE\S DE\ KAI\ TOU=TO/ FASIN, O(/TI, E)PEDH\ TO\ ME\N *PERI\ STA/SEWN BIBLI/ON TA\S FU/SEIS TW=N KEFALAI/WN PAR-I/STHSI, TO\ DE\ *PERI\ EU(RE/SEWN TA\S TOU/TWN KATASKEUA\S KAI\ TOU\S PLATUSMOU/S, TO\ DE\ *PERI\ TW=N I)DEW=N TO\N PROS- @1H/KONTA KO/SMON TW=| LO/GW| KAI\ TH\N EU)PRE/PEIAN, TO\ ME\N *PERI\ TW=N STA/SEWN PROTA/TTEI W(S KAI\ PRW=TON TH\N FU/-SIN KAI\ TIMIW/TERON, TO\ DE\ *PERI\ TW=N EU(RE/SEWN DEU/TERON TI/QHSIN W(S SUGGENEIA/ZON E)KEI/NW| EI)S TA\ MA/LISTA, TO\ DE\ *PERI\ TW=N I)DEW=N U(/STERON TAMIEU/ETAI DIA\ TO\ KAI\ PRW=TA EI)=NAI TH=| FU/SEI KAI\ NOEI=SQAI TA\ U(POKEI/MENA TOU= E)PIMOR-FA/ZONTOS AU)TA\ EI)/DOUS KAI\ SXH/MATOS. TA\ ME\N GA\R DU/O TAU=TA BIBLI/A, TO\ *PERI\ TW=N STA/SEWN FHMI\ KAI\ TO\ *PERI\ EU(RE/SEWN, TA\ TE/SSARA ME/RH TOU= POLITIKOU= LO/GOU DIDA/-SKEI, TO\ DE\ *PERI\ I)DEW=N TA\S A(RMOTTOU/SAS TOU/TOIS I)DE/AS. H)\ O(/TI TRIW=N SUNTAXQE/NTWN BIBLI/WN TW=| R(H/TORI, TOU= *PERI\ TW=N STA/SEWN, TOU= *PERI\ EU(RE/SEWN, TOU= *PERI\ I)DEW=N, TO\ *PERI\ TW=N STA/SEWN TW=N A)/LLWN PROTE/QEITAI DIA\ TO\ PAXUMERE/STERA TA\ TW=N STA/SEWN EI)=NAI, LEPTOMERE/STERA DE\ TA\ TW=N EU(RE/SEWN KAI\ TOU/TWN E)/TI LEPTO/TERA TA\ PERI\ I)DEW=N, W(S TA\S ME\N STA/SEIS MEI/ZOSI ZW/|OU ME/RESIN E)OIKE/-NAI, OI(=ON KEFALH=|, W)/MOIS, KOILI/A|, MHROI=S TE KAI\ TOI=S PO-SI/N, E)LA/TTOSI DE\ ME/RESI TA\S EU(RE/SEIS, OI(=ON O)FQALMOI=S, R(ISI/N, W)TI/OIS, XEI/LESI, GLW/TTH| KAI\ TOI=S TOIOU/TOIS, TA\S DE\ I)DE/AS E)/TI TOU/TWN E)LA/TTOSIN, OI(=ON BLEFA/ROIS, KO/RAIS, GNA/QOIS KAI\ TOI=S TOU/TWN PARAPLHSI/OIS. H)\ KREI=TTON OU(/-TW PERI\ TOU/TWN DIALABEI=N: H( ME\N GA\R PERI\ TW=N STA/-SEWN KAI\ TW=N EU(RE/SEWN A)NALOGI/A KALW=S A)PODE/DOTAI KAI\ AI(\ ME\N MEI/ZOSIN, AI(\ DE\ E)LA/TTOSIN A)NALELO/GHNTAI ME/-RESIN, AI( DE\ I)DE/AI EI)/DESI KAI\ MORFAI=S PROSEOI/KASI ZW/|OU E(KA/STW| TW=N TOIOU/TWN MERW=N E)PIMORFAZO/MENAI KAI\ H)\ PRO\S SAFH/NEIAN EI)DOPOIOU=SAI TAU=TA H)\ PRO\S ME/GEQOS H)\ KA/LLOS H)\ H)=QOS H)\ PRO\S A)/LLHN TINA\ A(RMO/ZOUSAN AU)TOI=S @1 KAI\ PROSFUA=, W(S A)\N DIDW=| O( KAIRO/S, DIAMORFOU=SAI I)DE/AN: E)F' W(=| KAI\ I)DE/A A)PO\ TOU= EI)/DW PARWNOMA/SQH R(H/MATOS, EI)S I)W=TA TH=S DIFQO/GGOU METAMEIFQEI/SHS KATA\ TO\N FA/SKONTA KANO/NA, O(/TI POLLA/ EI)SIN O)NO/MATA A)PO\ R(H-MA/TWN GINO/MENA GRAFOME/NWN ME\N TW=N R(HMA/TWN DIA\ [2TH=S ]2 DIFQO/GGOU, TW=N DE\ O)NOMA/TWN DIA\ TOU= I)W=TA. DIA\ TAU=TA AI( STA/SEIS, OI(=A PAXUMERE/STERAI TW=N EU(RE/-SEWN, U(POKEI/MENAI DE\ W(S U(/LH TAI=S I)DE/AIS, TOI=S EI)SAGO-ME/NOIS U(PO\ TOU= TEXNIKOU= PROETE/QHSAN. @*)EPEIDH\ DE\ KAI\ PERI\ TH=S TA/CEWS DIELA/BOMEN, I)/DWMEN TH\N E)PIGRAFH\N TOU= BIBLI/OU. E)PIGE/GRAPTAI ME\N OU)=N "6*(ER-MOGE/NOUS *TE/XNH PERI\ EU(RE/SEWN: PERI\ TW=N E)C U(POLH/YEWS PROOIMI/WN: TO/MOS PRW=TOS"6. ZHTEI=TAI DE\ PRW=TON ME/N, DIA\ TI/ "3*PERI\ EU(RE/SEWN"3 E)PIGE/GRAPTAI TO\ BIBLI/ON KAI\ OU) PROSE/QHKE TO\ A)/RQRON, I(/NA H)=| "3*PERI\ TW=N EU(RE/SEWN"3, KAI\ DIA\ TI/ TOU=TO MO/NON E)PE/GRAYE "3*PERI\ EU(RE/SEWN"3, KAI/TOI KAI\ TW=N LOIPW=N AU)TOU= BIBLI/WN EU(RE/SEIS EI)SAGO/NTWN TI-NA/S: TO/ TE GA\R *PERI\ STA/SEWN EU(RE/SEIS KEFALAI/WN KAI\ DIASKEUH\N H(MA=S DIDA/SKEI_DIO\ KAI\ AU)TO\S DIARRH/DHN E)N E)KEI/NOIS BOA=| O(/TI "6E)/STI DE\ SXEDO\N O( AU)TO\S TW=| PERI\ EU(-RE/SEWN"6, E)/TI DE\ KAI\ E)N TW=| TRI/TW| TO/MW| TOU= PARO/NTOS BIBLI/OU FHSI\ "6PERI\ ME\N OU)=N TH=S TW=N KEFALAI/WN EU(RE/-SEWS KAI\ KATA\ TH\N DIAIRETIKH\N E)CEQE/MHN ME/QODON"6_ KAI\ TO\ *PERI\ I)DEW=N DE\ BIBLI/ON EU(RE/SEIS TINW=N DIDA/SKEI. *)/ETI GOU=N ZHTEI=TAI KAI\ DIA\ TI/ OU)K H)RKE/SQH MIA=| E)PIGRAFH=|, A)LLA\ PROSE/QHKE KAI\ E(TE/RAN: EI)PW\N GA\R "6*(ERMOGE/NOUS @1 *TE/XNH PERI\ EU(RE/SEWN"6 PROSE/QHKE "6PERI\ TW=N E)C U(PO-LH/YEWS PROOIMI/WN"6. *PRO\S TOU/TOIS KA)KEI=NO ZHTEI=TAI, TI/NI DIAFE/REI TO/MOS KAI\ TMH=MA, KAI\ DIA\ TI/ MH\ EI)=PE TMH=MA A)LLA\ TO/MOS. _*PRO\S ME\N OU)=N TH\N PRW/THN ZH/THSIN, H(/TIS E)ZH/TEI, DIA\ TI/ XWRI\S TOU= A)/RQROU KEI=TAI "3*PERI\ EU(RE/SEWN"3 KAI\ OU)XI\ META\ TOU= A)/RQROU, I(/NA H)=| "3*PERI\ TW=N EU(RE/SEWN"3, LE/GOMEN, O(/TI TA\ A)/RQRA TW=N E)GNWSME/NWN EI)W/QASI PRAGMA/TWN PROTA/TTESQAI, OI(=ON O(/TAN EI)/PWMEN "3H( NAU=S H)=LQE"3, DH=LO/N GE W(S H( E)GNWSME/NH, H)\ "3O( A)/NQRW-POS H)=LQE"3, DH=LON W(S O( E)GNWSME/NOS KAI\ GNW/RIMOS H(MI=N: MH/PW GOU=N MAQO/NTWN PERI\ EU(RE/SEWN PW=S E)/DEI PROTE-QH=NAI TOU= MH\ E)GNWSME/NOU H(MI=N PRA/GMATOS TO\ A)/RQRON OI(=A DH\ E)GNWSME/NOU; A)LL' E)/STIN A)PANTH=SAI PRO\S TH\N TOIAU/-THN LU/SIN LE/GONTAS, O(/TI E)LE/GXETAI O( PARW\N LO/GOS YEU-DH/S, E)C W(=N AU)TO\S [2O(]2 TEXNIKO\S E)PIFE/REI: EI)PW\N GA\R "6*(ERMOGE/NOUS *TE/XNH PERI\ EU(RE/SEWN"6 E)PIFE/REI "6PERI\ TW=N E)C U(POLH/YEWS PROOIMI/WN"6 EI)PEI=N, EI)/PER KAI\ TA\ E)C U(PO-LH/YEWN PROOI/MIA OU)/PW EI)SI\N H(MI=N GNW/RIMA W(/SPER OU)-DE\ H( A)/LLH PA=SA PERI\ EU(RE/SEWN PRAGMATEI/A. E)/STIN OU)=N EI)PEI=N E(TE/RAN TINA\ LU/SIN PERI\ TOU/TWN A)PORH/MATOS KREI/T-TONA: E)ROU=MEN GA/R, O(/TI TA\ A)/RQRA PROTATTO/MENA TW=N A)PROSDIORI/STWN PROTA/SEWN TH\N AU)TH\N E)/XOUSI DU/NAMIN TOI=S KAQO/LOU PROSDIORISMOI=S: TAU)TO\N GA/R E)STIN H(/ TE "3PA=S A)/NQRWPOS LEUKO/S E)STI"3 LE/GOUSA PRO/TASIS KAI\ H( "3[2O(]2 A)/NQRWPOS LEUKO/S E)STIN"3: A)MFO/TERAI GA\R A(/PANTAS TOU\S A)NQRW/POUS DHLOU=SIN EI)=NAI LEUKOU/S, A)LL' OU)XI\ PARA-PLHSI/AN E)/XEI I)SXU\N H( LE/GOUSA "3A)/NQRWPOS LEUKO/S E)STIN"3. O( GOU=N *(ERMOGE/NHS EI)DW/S, O(/TI TA\ A)/RQRA PROTATTO/-MENA TW=N PROTA/SEWN TH\N AU)TH\N E)/XOUSI DU/NAMIN TOI=S KAQO/LOU PROSDIORISMOI=S, OU)K E)TO/LMHSEN E)PIGRA/YAI "3*PERI\ @1 TW=N EU(RE/SEWN"3: TAU)TO\N GA\R E)DH/LOU OU(/TWS E)PIGRA/FWN, W(/SPER EI) E)PE/GRAYE "3*PERI\ A(PA/SHS EU(RE/SEWS"3: A)LLA\ MH\N TOU=TO YEU=DOS: KAI\ GA\R AI( A)/LLAI AU)TOU= PRAGMATEI=AI EU(RE/SEIS TINA\S EI)SA/GOUSI, PERI\ E)KEI/NWN DE\ OU) DIALAMBA/-NEI E)NTAU=QA: W(/STE E)C A)NA/GKHS SUNE/BAINE YEU/DESQAI, EI) MH\ OU(/TWS A)LL' E)KEI/NWS E)PE/GRAYE. KAI\ TAU=TA ME\N PRO\S TH\N A)/NW ZH/THSIN EI)/RHTAI. _*PRO\S TH\N DEUTE/RAN DE/, H(/TIS E)ZH/TEI, DIA\ TI/ TOU=TO MO/NON TO\ BIBLI/ON "3*PERI\ EU(RE/-SEWN"3 E)PIGE/GRAPTAI, O(/POU KAI\ TA)=LLA EU(RE/SEIS [2TINA\S]2 H(MA=S DIDA/SKEI, FAME/N, O(/TI, E)PEIDH\ OU)DE\N E(/TERON EU(=REN O)/NOMA KOINO\N PA=SI, PERI\ W(=N E)N TW=| PARO/NTI BIBLI/W| DI-DA/SKEI_E)/STI GA\R PROOI/MIA, DIHGH/SEIS, KEFA/LAIA, E)PI-XEIRH/MATA KAI\ A)/LLA TINA/, W(=N OU)DE\N E(/TERON O)/NOMA KOINO\N PLH\N TH=S EU(RE/SEWS_, EI)KO/TWS A)P' AU)TH=S TH\N E)PIGRA-FH\N E)POIH/SATO: E)N GA\R TOI=S A)/LLOIS KOINO/N TI H)=N KAI\ E(/TERON O)/NOMA, PERI\ W(=N E)/MELLE DIDA/SKEIN, OI(=ON STA/SEIS, I)DE/AI. E)/TI DE\ KAI\ TOU=TO LE/GOMEN, O(/TI DUNATO\N KAI\ TA\ A)/LLA BIBLI/A EU(RE/SEIS O)NOMA/ZEIN: A)LL' E)KEI=NA SU\N TW=| KOINW=| TOU/TW| O)NO/MATI E)/XONTA KAI\ I)DIKA\ TOI=S I)DIKOI=S O)NO-MA/ZONTAI, TOU=TO DE\ W(S MH\ E)/XON I)DIKO\N O)/NOMA TW=| KOINW=| O)NO/MATI O)NOMA/ZETAI "3*PERI\ EU(RE/SEWS"3. 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TO/MON OU)=N KAI\ OU) TMH=MA TO\ PRW=TON TOU=TO E)PE/GRAYE SU/GGRAMMA, DIO/TI OU) ME/ROUS ME/ROS E)STI/N, A)LL' AU)TOU= TOU= O(/LOU TOU= *PERI\ EU(RE/SEWN BIBLI/OU. @*)ALL' E)PEIDH\ KAI\ TA\ PERI\ TH=S E)PIGRAFH=S A)POROU/MENA DIELU/SAMEN, FE/RE KAI\ TH\N EI)S TA\ KEFA/LAIA DIAI/RESIN KAI\ TH\N TOU/TWN TA/CIN ZHTH/SWMEN. TE/MNETAI TOI/NUN TO\ PAR-O\N BIBLI/ON EI)S TE/SSARA/ TINA OI(ONEI\ KEFA/LAIA, TOU\S TE/S- @1SARAS TO/MOUS: KAI\ E)N ME\N TW=| PRW/TW| PERI\ PROOIMI/WN E)STI\N O( SKOPO/S, E)N DE\ TW=| DEUTE/RW| PERI\ DIHGH/SEWN, E)N DE\ TW=| TRI/TW| PERI\ A)GW/NWN, E)N DE\ TW=| TETA/RTW| PERI/ TINWN SXHMA/TWN. PRO\S TH\N TOU/TWN DE\ TA/CIN E)KEI=NO LE/GOMEN, O(/TI TETRAMEROU=S O)/NTOS TOU= LO/GOU KAI\ E)N PRW/TOIS ME\N E)PIDEXOME/NOU PROOI/MIA OU(/TW KAI\ TH=S TW=N PRAGMA/TWN FU/SEWS A)PAITOU/SHS, META\ [2DE\]2 TAU=TA DIHGH/SEIS, EI)=Q' OU(/TWS A)GW=NAS KAI\ E)PI\ PA=SI TOU/TOIS E)PILO/GOUS, H( TOU= TEXNIKOU= DIDASKALI/A TH\N FUSIKH\N TA/CIN TW=N TOU= LO/GOU MIMEI=TAI MERW=N: KAI\ GA\R OU(=TOS EI)S TE/SSARAS TO/MOUS TH\N *PERI\ EU(RE/SEWN U(PO/QESIN TA/TTWN E)N ME\N TW=| PRW/TW| DI-DA/SKEI PERI\ PROOIMI/WN, E)PEIDH\ KAI\ TA\ PROOI/MIA TH\N PRW/THN TA/CIN EI)LH/XASIN, E)N DE\ TW=| DEUTE/RW| PERI\ DIHGH/-SEWN, E)N DE\ TW=| TRI/TW| PERI\ A)GW/NWN, E)N DE\ TW=| TETA/RTW| PERI/ TINWN SXHMA/TWN: PERI\ E)PILO/GWN DE\ OU)DE\N DIDA/SKEI, EI) KAI\ TW=| E)CHGHTH=| TOU=TO DOKEI=: E)MNH/SQH GA\R TOU/TWN E)N TH=| *PERI\ TW=N STA/SEWN U(POQE/SEI, O(/TE PERI\ TH=S KOINH=S POIO/THTOS KAI\ PA/LIN PERI\ TH=S OU(/TWS E)PONOMAZOME/NHS POIO/THTOS KAI\ PERI\ TH=S GNW/MHS E)DI/DASKE. @*META\ DE\ TAU=TA KAI\ TO\N DIDASKALIKO\N TRO/PON ZHTH/-SWMEN. FAME\N TOI/NUN, O(/TI DIDASKALIKW=N TRO/PWN O)/NTWN TESSA/RWN, DIAIRETIKOU=, O(RISTIKOU=, A)PODEIKTIKOU= KAI\ A)NA-LUTIKOU=, KE/XRHTAI ME\N TW=| DIAIRETIKW=|, E)N OI(=S TO\ PRO/S-WPON DIAIREI= EI)S TOU\S DIKASTA/S, EI)S TOU\S KATHGOROU=N-TAS, EI)S TOU\S A)POLOGOUME/NOUS, EI)S TOU\S E)/XONTAS TA\ PRA/-GMATA KAI\ TA\ E)GKLH/MATA KAI\ EI)S TOU\S E)/CWQEN E)MFAINO-ME/NOUS, TW=| DE\ O(RISTIKW=|, H(NI/KA TH\N DIH/GHSIN O(RI/ZETAI LE/GWN DIH/GHSIN EI)=NAI PANTO\S PROBLH/MATOS AU)TO\ TO\ PRA=-GMA, E)C OU(= SUNE/STHKEN H( U(PO/QESIS. @1 @*)EPI\ TH\N TOU= XARAKTH=ROS DE\ E)RXO/MENOI ZH/THSIN LE/GO-MEN, O(/TI XARAKTH/RWN O)/NTWN TRIW=N, W(S KAI\ E)N A)/LLOIS POLLA/KIS DIWRISA/MEQA, A(DROU=, TAPEINOU= KAI\ ME/SOU, E)N TW=| PARO/NTI BIBLI/W| TW=| ME/SW| XRH=TAI O( TEXNOGRA/FOS TW=| KAI\ TA\S LE/CEIS SAFEI=S KAI\ TA\ NOH/MATA A(PLOU/STATA E)/XONTI: DIA/ TOI TOU=TO KAI\ AU)TO\S PROI+W\N LE/GEI "6TH=S DE\ KATA\ TH\N E(RMHNEI/AN A(PLO/THTOS MH\ FRONTI/SH|S: DIDASKALIKW/TERON GA\R E)SPOU/DASA TA\S TE/XNAS A)FHGH/SASQAI"6. KAI\ E)N TW=| TRI/TW| DE\ TO/MW| E)N TW=| PERI\ TW=N A)P' A)RXH=S A)/XRI TE/LOUS LO/GW| PRO\S *MA=RKON TO\N AU)TOKRA/TORA TO\N LO/GON POIOU/-MENOS KAI\ TO\N XARAKTH=RA E)PISHMAINO/MENOS FHSI\N "6EI) DE\ KAI\ EU)TELE/STERON SUNEXW/REI H( FU/SIS, OU)K A)\N W)/KNHSA DIA\ TO\ SAFE/STERON"6. @*LEI/PETAI LOIPO\N KAI\ PERI\ TH=S U(PO\ TI/ ME/ROS A)NAFORA=S EI)PEI=N. FASI\ TOI/NUN TO\ PARO\N BIBLI/ON MH/TE U(PO\ TO\ QEW-RHTIKO\N MH/TE U(PO\ TO\ PRAKTIKO\N EI)=DOS TH=S FILOSOFI/AS A)NA/GESQAI, A)LL' U(F' O(\ KAI\ TO\ *PERI\ TW=N PROGUMNASMA/-TWN KAI\ TO\ *PERI\ TW=N STA/SEWN E)DEI/CAMEN A)NAGO/MENA, E)/STI DE\ TOU=TO TO\ LOGIKO/N. TO\ DE\ LOGIKO\N O)/RGANON EI)=NAI LE/GETAI TH=S FILOSOFI/AS, OU)K EI)=DOS: TH\N DE\ AI)TI/AN, DI' H(\N O)/RGANON AU)TO\ LE/GETAI KAI\ OU)K EI)=DOS, E)/TI DE\ KAI\ TO\ TI/ DIAFE/REI O)/RGANON EI)/DOUS, OU) TOU= PARO/NTOS LE/GEIN KAI-ROU=. @*)EPEIDH\ DE\ PERI\ EU(RE/SEWN PROOIMI/WN O( PARW/N E)STI LO/GOS, ZHTHTE/ON, TI/ E)STI PROOI/MION KAI\ TI/ E)STIN EU(/RESIS KAI\ PO/QEN TO\ TOU= PROOIMI/OU METENH/NEKTAI O)/NOMA KAI\ DIA\ TI/ MH\ TAU=TA O( TEXNOGRA/FOS E)DI/DACE. *PROOI/MION OU)=N E)STI LO/GOS PARASKEUA/ZWN TO\N A)KROATH\N EI)S U(PODOXH\N @1 TH=S U(POQE/SEWS. *EU(/RESIS DE/ E)STI LO/GOS NOHMA/TWN KAI\ E)PIXEIRHMA/TWN EU)PORI/AN E)/XWN. *PROOI/MION DE\ EI)/RHTAI H)\ PARA\ [TOU=] TO\N OI)=MON, O(\ SHMAI/NEI TH\N O(DO/N: O(DO\S GA\R TW=| LO/GW| OI( A)GW=NES KAI\ AI( PRA/CEIS: H)\ PARA\ TO\ OI)/MH, O(\ SH-MAI/NEI TH\N W)|DH/N: PROOI/MION GA\R OI( PALAIOI\ E)KA/LOUN TO\ PRO\ TH=S OI)/MHS, TOUTE/STIN W)|DH=S, TIQE/MENON PROANA-FW/NHMA, U(/MNON E)/XON TOU= *DIONU/SOU. EI) DE/ TIS LE/GEI "3TI/ GOU=N MH\ KAI\ PERI\ TOU/TWN O( TEXNOGRA/FOS DIE/LABE;"3 FH/-SOMEN, O(/TI, E)PEIDH\ TOI=S A)RXAIOTE/ROIS I(KANW=S PERI\ TOU/-TWN EI)/RHTAI, DIA\ TOU=TO PARH=KEN AU)TO\S TAU=TA EI)PEI=N. A)LL' E)PEIDH\ TAU/TH| TH=| LU/SEI A)NTI/KEITAI TO\ PRAGMATEI/AN O(LO/KLHRON TO\N TEXNIKO\N GRA/FONTA XRH=NAI AU)TO\N MH/, EI)/ TI TOI=S A)RXAI/OIS KALW=S EI)/RHTAI, TAU=TA A)FELEI=N, A)LL', EI)/ TI PARALE/LEIPTAI, SPOUDH\N EI)SA/GEIN PROSQEI=NAI, DIA\ TOU=TO TAU/THN A)FE/NTES E)KEI=NO E)ROU=MEN, O(/TI [2EI)DW\S]2 TO\ ME\N [2TOU\S]2 O(RISMOU\S A)PODIDO/NAI FILOSOFOU=SIN A(RMO/-ZEIN, TO\ DE\ TA\S E)TUMOLOGI/AS A)PODIDO/NAI GRAMMATIKOI=S, DIA\ TOU=TO AU)TO\S PARH=KEN A)MFO/TERA: OU) GA\R FILOSO/-FOUS OU)/TE MH\N GRAMMATIKA\S A)LLA\ R(HTORIKA\S MEQO/DOUS H(MI=N PARADI/DWSIN. @*)/ELQWMEN SU\N QEW=| LOIPO\N KAI\ E)PI\ TH\N TOU= KEIME/NOU QEWRI/AN O)LI/GA TINA/, W(=N PARA\ TW=N H(METE/RWN DIDASKA/-LWN H)KOU/SAMEN KAI\ O(/SA EI)S MNH/MHN H(/KOUSI, LE/CONTES. @1 {1*I*W*A*N*N*O*U *T*O*U *D*O*C*A*P*A*T*R*H *E*R*M*H*N*E*I*A *E*I*S *T*O *P*E*R*I *T*W*N *I*D*E*W*N *E*R*M*O*G*E*N*O*U*S}1 @*(/WSPER E)N TAI=S EI)S TA\S LOIPA\S TH=S *(RHTORIKH=S PRA-GMATEI/AS PONHQEI/SAIS H(MI=N E)CHGH/SESI PRO\ TW=N A)/LLWN A(PA/NTWN TA\ PRO\ PANTO\S TEXNIKOU= BIBLI/OU EI)WQO/TA ZH-TEI=SQAI KEFA/LAIA E)ZHTOU=MEN, OU(/TW DH\ KAI\ TO\ *PERI\ TW=N I)DEW=N BIBLI/ON E)N TW=| PARO/NTI PROQE/MENOI E)CHGH/-SASQAI TAU)TO\ TOU=TO POIH/SOMEN KAI\ PRO\ TW=N A)/LLWN TAU=-TA DH\ TA\ PARA\ PA=SI QRULLOU/MENA KEFA/LAIA E)CETA/SO-MEN, TI/S O( SKOPO\S TOU= PARO/NTOS BIBLI/OU, KAI\ TI/ TO\ XRH/-SIMON, PO/QEN DH=LON O(/TI *(ERMOGENIKO/N E)STI KAI\ TO\ PARO\N SU/GGRAMMA, META\ TAU=TA KAI\ DIA\ TI/ TO\ PARO\N BIBLI/ON META\ TO\ *PERI\ TW=N STA/SEWN KAI\ TO\ *PERI\ EU(RE/SEWN TE/-TAKTAI, KAI\ DIA\ TI/ OU(/TWS AU)TO\ O( TEXNIKO\S *PERI\ I)DEW=N E)PE/GRAYE KAI\ OU) *PERI\ XARAKTH/RWN H)\ A)/LLWS PWS: EI)=TA KAI\ TH\N EI)S TA\ KEFA/LAIA TOU= BIBLI/OU DIAI/RESIN ZHTH=SAI O)FEI/LOMEN, KAI\ TI/NI TW=N DIDASKALIKW=N TRO/PWN O( *(ER-MOGE/NHS E)N AU)TW=| KE/XRHTAI KAI\ PO/TERON E(NI\ H)\ PA=SI TOU/-TOIS: PRO\S E)PI\ PA=SI TOU/TOIS KAI\ TH\N U(PO\ TI/ ME/ROS A)NA- @1FORA\N ZHTH/SOMEN KAI\ PO/TERON U(PO/ TI TW=N [2TH=S]2 FILO-SOFI/AS MERW=N TO\ PARO\N A)NAFE/RETAI SU/GGRAMMA, H)\ U(PO\ TO\ O)RGANIKO\N AU)TH=S, O(/PER E)STI\ TO\ LOGIKO/N[2, H)\ U(PO\ TO\ PRAKTIKO\N H)\ U(PO\ TO\ QEWRHTIKO/N]2. @*SKOPO\S ME\N OU)=N E)STI TW=| TEXNOGRA/FW| E)N TW=| PARO/NTI SUGGRA/MMATI TRO/POUS TINA\S H)/GOUN MI/CEIS I)DEW=N PARA-DOU=NAI, OI(=STISI XRW/MENOI TO\N KA/LLISTON TW=N SUMBOU-LEUTIKW=N LO/GON KAI\ TO\N KA/LLISTON TW=N DIKANIKW=N KAI\ TW=N PANHGURIKW=N, E)/TI GE MH\N KAI\ POI/HSIN KAI\ I(STORI/AN KAI\ A(PLW=S PA=N EI)=DOS LO/GOU E)KTELOU=NTES FAINO/MEQA. A)LL' E)PEIDH\ TAU/TAS TA\S MI/CEIS TW=N I)DEW=N A)DU/NATON H)=N MAQEI=N MH\ PRO/TERON AU)TA\ [2TA\]2 A(PLA= KAI\ TA\ E)C W(=N H( MI=CIS GI/NETAI E)PIGNO/NTAS, DIA\ TOU=TO E)N PRW/TOIS ME\N AU)TA\S KAQ' E(AUTA\S TA\S I)DE/AS DIDA/SKEI, TH\N SAFH/NEIAN KAI\ TO\ ME/GEQOS KAI\ TA\S A)/LLAS, W(S SUMBALLOME/NAS TW=| TOU/TOU SKOPW=|, EI)=TA KAI\ AU)TO\N TO\N SKOPO\N PARADI/DWSI DIDA/-SKWN, POI/AIS ME\N E)C W(=N E)DI/DACEN I)DEW=N XRHSTE/ON SUMBOU-LEUTIKO\N MELETW=NTAS LO/GON KAI\ POI/AIS DIKANIKO\N KAI\ POI/AIS PANHGURIKO/N: EI)=TA BOULO/MENOS DEI=CAI, O(/TI KAI\ OI( PALAIOI\ TAU/TAIS TAI=S MI/CESI XRW/MENOI TOU\S OI)KEI/OUS E)CETI/QESAN LO/GOUS, DIALAMBA/NEI KAI\ PERI\ TOU/TWN KAI\ TOU\S XARAKTH=RAS AU)TW=N PARADI/DWSIN. *)ISTE/ON ME/NTOI O(/TI, W(/SPER OI( FILO/SOFOI EI)S PE/NTE TINA\S A)RXA\S PA/NTA LO/GON A)NA/GOUSIN, EI)S TO\ A)POFANTIKO/N, EI)S TO\ KLHTIKO/N, EI)S TO\ EU)KTIKO/N, EI)S TO\ E)RWTHMATIKO/N, EI)S TO\ PROSTAKTI-KO/N, OU(/TW KAI\ O( TEXNIKO\S EI)S E(\C A)RXA\S KAI\ OI(ONEI/ TINA STOIXEI=A PA/NTA LO/GON A)NA/GESQAI BOU/LETAI: H)\ GA\R SAFH/S E)STI KAT' AU)TO\N H)\ A)CIWMATIKO\S KAI\ O)/GKON E)/XWN KAI\ ME/GEQOS H)\ PERIKALLH\S H)\ GORGO\S H)\ H)QIKO\S H)\ DEINO\S KAI\ @1 E)K TOU/TWN H)/TOI PA/NTWN A(/MA H)\ TINW=N SUGKEI/MENOS. KAI\ TOU=TO DH=LON, A)F' W(=N AU)TO\S DIDA/SKEI TA\S E(\C KAI\ OU)/TE PLEI/OUS OU)/TE E)LA/TTOUS. *)ALL' O( ME\N SKOPO\S TOU= BIBLI/OU TOIOU=TOS. @*TO\ DE\ XRH/SIMON, W(S ME\N AU)TO/S FHSIN O( TEXNIKO/S, EI)/S TE TO\ KRI/NEIN TOU\S TW=N A)/LLWN LO/GOUS, EI)/TE KALW=S E)/XOU-SIN EI)/TE MH/, KAI\ EI)S TO\ AU)TO\N LO/GOUS GENNAI/OUS E)RGA/-ZESQAI. W(S DE\ O( *SIKELIW/THS E)CHGOU/MENOS TO\ PARO\N TOU= *(ERMOGE/NOUS BIBLI/ON LE/GEI, KATA/ TE AU)TA\ TAU=TA TO\ PARO\N H(MI=N SUMBA/LLETAI SU/GGRAMMA KAI\ PRO\S TOU/TOIS, KAQO\ TH\N YUXH\N O)CUTE/RAN POIEI=: KAI\ GA/R FHSI PERI\ TOU/TOU TOU= BIBLI/OU, O(/TI GNW=SI/S TI/S E)STI TH\N YUXH\N O)CUTE/RAN POIOU=SA, KALO\N D' A(/PASA GNW=SIS KA)KEI/NH AU)TH\ TW=N KA-KW=N, KAQO\ MO/NON GNW=SIS PRO\S A)POFUGH/N, KAI\ I(/NA MH\ TOI=S O)LEQRI/OIS W(S SWTHRI/OIS PERIPI/PTONTES LA/QWMEN. E)/TI DE\ KAQO\ KAI\ DEKTIKOI\ SOFI/AS O)/NTES [2KAI\]2 E)PISTH/MHS TW=N TOU= LO/GOU KALW=N METALAMBA/NOMEN TELEW/TATA: W(=N OI( MH\ METASXO/NTES OU)DE\ E)C H(MISEI/AS PEFU/KASI LOGIKOI/, KAI\ PAI=DAS O)/NTAS LELH/QASIN E(AUTOU\S KAI\ TOU= A)NQRW-PI/NOU MAKRA\N O(RISMOU=, OU)K O)/NTAS TOU= TELEWTE/ROU NOO\S DEKTIKOU/S. E)PI\ PA=SI TOU/TOIS FHSI\ TO\ PARO\N BIBLI/ON H(MI=N SUMBA/LLESQAI, KAQO\ TOU=TO MAQO/NTES DUNA/MEQA TOU\S AI)TOUME/NOUS TW=N LO/GWN E)CAKRIBOU=N KAI\ MERI/ZEIN, [2POU= TE KAI\ PW=S E)CEI/RGASTAI EU)= KAI\]2 POU= KAI\ PW=S E)KTETU/-XHKEN. A)LLA\ TOU=TO EI)S TA\ PARA\ TOU= *(ERMOGE/NOUS R(H-QE/NTA A)NA/GETAI: E)/STI GA\R TOU=TO TO\ TA\ TW=N A)/LLWN EI)-DE/NAI KRI/NEIN. KAI\ LOIPO\N SUMBAI/NEI TE/SSARA EI)=NAI, EI)S @1 A(\ TO\ PARO\N H(MI=N SUMBA/LLETAI SU/GGRAMMA, OU) PE/NTE, KAQA/ FHSIN O( *SIKELIW/THS, A)LLA\ TE/SSARA. @*TO\ DE\ TO\N *(ERMOGE/NH PATE/RA EI)=NAI KAI\ TOU= PARO/NTOS BIBLI/OU A)LLA\ MH\ A)/LLON TINA\ TO/ TE TW=N U(POMNHMATISA/N-TWN E)/NDOCON KAI\ A)CIO/PISTON DHLOI= KAI\ H( PRO\S TOU=TO TW=N LOIPW=N AU)TOU= SUGGRAMMA/TWN A)NAFORA/: KAI\ MH\N KAI\ TO\ PRW=TON KAI\ MO/NON AU)TO\N TH\N TOIAU/THN U(POSTH/SA-SQAI PRAGMATEI/AN, PRO\S TOU/TOIS DE\ KAI\ O( XARAKTH\R H)/GOUN H(/ TE U(/LH KAI\ TO\ EI)=DOS. @*TH\N DE\ TA/CIN TOU= PARO/NTOS BIBLI/OU TH\N PRO\S TA\S A)/LLAS TH=S *(RHTORIKH=S PRAGMATEI/AS E)N TAI=S E)KEI/NWN EI)-RH/KAMEN E)CHGH/SESIN. @*PERI\ I)DEW=N DE\ E)PIGE/GRAPTAI TO\ BIBLI/ON, DIO/TI E)N TOU/TW| TA\ EI)DOPOIOU=NTA TOU\S LO/GOUS KAI\ PO/TERON DIKA-NIKOU= EI)/DOUS EI)SI\N H)\ SUMBOULEUTIKOU= H)\ PANHGURIKOU= [2DEI-KNU/NTA]2 PARADI/DOTAI: E)K GA\R TOU= TO\N LO/GON TA/SDE TA\S I)DE/AS A)LLA\ MH\ TA/SDE E)/XEIN DIKANIKO\N H)\ SUMBOULEUTIKO\N H)\ PANHGURIKO\N TO\ E)N AU)TW=| EI)=DOS A)PODEI/KNUTAI: W(/SPER OU)=N TH\N MORFH\N W(S EI)DOPOIOU=SAN TO\ U(POKEI/MENON I)DE/AN O)NOMA/ZEIN EI)W/QAMEN, OU(/TW DH\ KAI\ TA\ TO\N LO/GON EI)DO-POIOU=NTA I)DE/AS KATONOMA/ZOMEN. *ZHTEI=TAI DE/, DIA\ TI/ MH\ *PERI\ XARAKTH/RWN MA=LLON A)LLA\ *PERI\ I)DEW=N TO\ PARO\N BIBLI/ON E)PIGE/GRAPTAI. KAI/ FAMEN DIA\ TOU=TO OU(/TWS AU)TO\ A)LLA\ MH\ E)KEI/NWS [2E)PIGEGRA/FQAI]2, DIO/TI E)N AU)TW=| OU) PERI\ XARAKTH/RWN TW=| TEXNOGRA/FW| PRO/KEITAI LE/GEIN, OI(/-TINE/S EI)SI TREI=S, W(S E)N TOI=S PROLABOU=SIN EI)PO/NTES E)/FQH-MEN, A)LLA\ PERI\ TW=N A)F' W(=N O( LO/GOS EI)DOPOIEI=TAI KAI\ TO/DE TO\ EI)=DOS DE/XETAI, OI(=ON DIKANIKO\N H)\ SUMBOULEUTI-KO\N H)\ PANHGURIKO/N: EI) GA\R KAI\ PERI\ XARAKTH/RWN E)N TW=| @1 TE/LEI TOU= BIBLI/OU DIALAMBA/NEI TW=N A)PARTIZO/NTWN TO\N LO/GON TOU= KAQ' E(/KASTON TW=N PALAIW=N, A)LL' O(/MWS, E)PEI\ OU) PROHGOUME/NWS SKOPO\N EI)=XE PERI\ E)KEI/NWN DIALABEI=N, A)LLA\ PERI\ TW=N EI)DOPOIOU/NTWN TOU\S LO/GOUS, EI)KO/TWS A)PO\ TOU/TOU MA=LLON KAI\ OU)K A)P' E)KEI/NOU TO\ BIBLI/ON E)PE/GRA-YEN. TINE\S DE/ FASIN O(/TI, E)PEIDH\ XARAKTH=RAS OU) TA\ PRW-TO/TUPA A)LLA\ TA\ KATA\ [2TA\]2 PRWTO/TUPA MA=LLON GEGENH-ME/NA A)POTELE/SMATA LE/GEIN EI)W/QAMEN, DIA\ TOU=TO *PERI\ XARAKTH/RWN ME\N OU)K E)PE/GRAYE TO\ BIBLI/ON_OU)DE\ GA/R TINA E)N AU)TW=| A)POTELE/SMATA PARADI/DOTAI_, *PERI\ I)DEW=N DE\ E)PE/GRAYE MA=LLON AU)TO\ DIA\ TO\ A)NALOGEI=N TA\ E)N AU)TW=| PARADIDO/MENA TAI=S *PLATWNIKAI=S I)DE/AIS: KAQOLIKW/TATA GA/R TINA TA\ E)N AU)TW=| PARADIDO/MENA KAI\ A)TO/MWN PERIE-KTIKA/: H( GA\R KAQO/LOU FE/RE EI)PEI=N SEMNO/THS PERI-E/XEI TH\N *QOUKUDI/DOU EI) TU/XOI SEMNO/THTA KAI\ TH\N *XRU-SOSTOMIKH\N KAI\ A)/LLAS OU)K O)LI/GAS. E(/TEROI DE\ PA/LIN FASI\ MH\ PROSHKO/NTWS E)PIGRA/YAI TO\N TEXNIKO\N *PERI\ I)DEW=N TO\ PARO\N BIBLI/ON, A)LL' H)GNOHKE/NAI TH\N SHMASI/AN TOU= O)NO/-MATOS DIA\ TO\ E)PI\ TW=N GENIKWTE/RWN LE/GESQAI ME\N TH\N I)DE/AN KAI\ TW=N PERIEXO/NTWN TA\ A)/TOMA, TA\S DE\ NU=N OU(/TW LEGOME/NAS MH\ OU(/TW FAI/NESQAI: MO/RIA GA\R A)TO/MWN_ E)NNOI/AS, MEQO/DOUS KAI\ TA\ LOIPA/_MA=LLON E)MPERIE/XOU-SIN H)\ A)/TOMA. TOU=TO DE\ DITTW=S LU/EI O( *SIKELIW/THS TO\ A)PO/RHMA: KATA/ TE GA\R E)/NSTASIN KAI\ A)NTIPARA/STASIN: KATA\ ME\N E)/NSTASIN LE/GWN, O(/TI A)LL' OU) GENIKH\N E)POIH/SATO TH\N E)PIGRAFH/N: OU) GA\R OU(/TW TAU=TA TAI=S FILOSO/FOIS @1 FWNAI=S PARAPLH/SIA: KATA\ DE\ A)NTIPARA/STASIN LE/GWN, O(/TI A)/LLWS TE EI) KAI\ GENIKW=S, OU)DE\N A)/TOPON: W(S GA\R TO\ EI)=DOS PERIE/XEI TA\ U(P' AU)TO\ A)/TOMA, OI(=ON H( A)NQRWPO/THS *SWKRA/TH KAI\ *PLA/TWNA KAI\ TOU\S A)/LLOUS A)NQRW/POUS, OU(/TW KAI\ AU(=TAI TOUTE/STI SEMNO/THS KAI\ LAMPRO/THS KAI\ AI( LOIPAI\ TH\N QEOLOGIKH\N TUXO\N I)DE/AN H)\ *XRUSOSTOMIKH/N. @*ME/RH DE\ TOU= BIBLI/OU EI)SI\ TE/SSARA: PRW=TON ME\N GA\R PROOIMIA/ZETAI O( TEXNIKO\S E)N AU)TW=| PROEKTIQEI\S TO\N SKO-PO\N KAI\ TO\ XRH/SIMON KAI\ PO/SAI EI)SI\N AI( I)DE/AI DEIKNU\S KAI\ TI/NA TA\ E)C W(=N PA=SA I)DE/A PE/FUKE GI/NESQAI KAI\ TI/S H( TOU/TWN DU/NAMIS, PARADIDOU\S KAI\ A)/LLA TINA/. [H)\] DEU/-TERON AU)TA\S TA\S I)DE/AS DIDA/SKEI: TRI/TON POI=AI TW=N I)DEW=N SUNERXO/MENAI TO\N KA/LLISTON TW=N DIKANIKW=N POIOU=SI KAI\ POI=AI TO\N KA/LLISTON TW=N SUMBOULEUTIKW=N KAI\ POI=AI TO\N KA/LLISTON TW=N PANHGURIKW=N KAI\ POI=AI TO\N KAQ' E(/KASTON TW=N MET' AU)TOU/S, KAI\ TELEUTAI=ON PERI\ TW=N XA-RAKTH/RWN TW=N PALAIW=N DIALE/GETAI. @*)EK DE\ TW=N DIDASKALIKW=N TRO/PWN KE/XRHTAI TW=| DIAI-RETIKW=| KAI\ TW=| A)PODEIKTIKW=|: TW=| ME\N DIAIRW=N TA/S TE GENIKA\S I)DE/AS EI)S TA\S U(POKEIME/NAS AU)TAI=S KAI\ EI)DW=N XREI/AN A)POPLHROU/SAS, KAI\ TA\S EI)DIKA\S PA/LIN EI)S TA\ O)KTW\ ME/RH, E)C W(=N PEFU/KASI GI/NESQAI, W(S EI)=NAI LOIPO\N TH\N DIAI/RESIN A)PO\ GENW=N EI)S EI)/DH KAI\ A)PO\ O(/LWN EI)S ME/RH, KAI\ AU(/TH H)=N, H(=S O( *(ERMOGE/NHS E)N PROOIMI/OIS TOU= *PERI\ TW=N STA/SEWN BIBLI/OU E)PEMNH/SQH OU(/TWS EI)PW\N "6POLLW=N O)/N-TWN KAI\ MEGA/LWN, A(\ TH\N R(HTORIKH\N SUNI/STHSI KAI\ TE/X-NHN POIEI=, ME/GISTON EI)=NAI/ MOI DOKEI= TO\ PERI\ DIAIRE/SEWS @1 AU)TW=N KAI\ A)PODEI/CEWS, LE/GW DE\ OU) TH=S A)PO\ TW=N GENW=N EI)S EI)/DH KAI\ A)PO\ O(/LWN EI)S ME/RH: MIKRO\N ME\N GA\R OU)DE\ TOU=TO ME/ROS R(HTORIKH=S: A)LL' OU) PERI\ TOU/TWN NUNI/"6. TW=| DE\ A)PODEIKTIKW=| KE/XRHTAI KATA\ TA\S E)PAKTIKA\S KAI\ PARA-DEIGMATIKA\S A)PODEI/CEIS, DI' W(=N TO\ KAQ' E(/KASTON W(=N FH-SIN A)PODEI/KNUSIN. O( DE\ TOIOU=TOS TRO/POS OU)K E)/STI KU-RI/WS A)PODEIKTIKO\S A)LL' E)PAKTIKO/S. DIAFE/REI GA\R E)P-AGWGH\ A)PODEI/CEWS, W(S E)N TOI=S PROLABOU=SI DIWRISA/MEQA, TW=| TH\N ME\N A)PO/DEICIN TA\ MERIKA\ A)PO\ TW=N KAQO/LOU PI-STOU=SQAI, TH\N DE\ E)PAGWGH\N TO\ A)NA/PALIN A)PO\ TW=N ME-RIKW=N TA\ KAQO/LOU. TINE\S DE/ FASI KAI\ TW=| A)NALUTIKW=| AU)TO\N KEXRH=SQAI TRO/PW|, H(NI/KA LE/GEI, O(/TI "3PA=SA I)DE/A SUNI/STATAI E)C E)NNOI/AS KAI\ MEQO/DOU KAI\ TW=N LOIPW=N TOU= LO/GOU MERW=N"3. @*)ANA/GETAI DE\ TO\ PARO\N BIBLI/ON PROHGOUME/NWS ME\N U(PO\ TO\ O)RGANIKO\N [2H)/TOI TO\ LOGIKO/N]2, U(F' O(\ KAI\ TO\ *PERI\ TW=N PROGUMNASMA/TWN KAI\ TO\ *PERI\ TW=N STA/SEWN KAI\ TO\ *PERI\ EU(RE/SEWN E)DEI/KNUMEN A)NAGO/MENA: KANO/NAS GA\R KAI\ MEQO/DOUS E)/XEI KAI\ TOU=TO PARAPLHSI/WS E)KEI/NOIS, KATA\ DE\ TO\ TH=S MEQO/DOU KAI\ [TO\] TW=N KANO/NWN A)POTE/LESMA METE/XEI ME\N KAI\ TOU= PRAKTIKOU=, DIO/TI XA/RIN OI( LO/GOI POLITIKH=S GI/NONTAI PRA/CEWS_POLITIKO\N DE\ DH/POUQEN KAI\ H( TW=N H)QW=N KOSMIO/THS, EI)/PER "3E(NO\S KAKI/AS CU/MPASA PO/LIS A)PHU/RA"3 KAI\ TOU= E)NANTI/OU TH=S A)RETH=S_: METE/XEI DE\ KAI\ TOU= QEWRHTIKOU= KATA\ TH\N DIA/SKEYIN TW=N SUM-BOULEUOME/NWN KAI\ TOI=S A)/LLOIS EI)/DESI XRWME/NWN. @1