{1*E*K *T*W*N *A*Q*A*N*A*S*I*O*U *T*O*U *S*O*F*I*S*T*O*U *A*L*E*C*A*N*D*R*E*I*A*S *A *Z*W*S*I*M*O*S *O *Q*E*W*N*O*S *D*I*W*R*Q*W*S*A*T*O *M*A*Q*H*T*H*S *T*A *X*R*H*S*I*M*W*T*A*T*A}1 @*(/OTI OI( TA\ PROGUMNA/SMATA GRA/YANTES TOU= XREIW/DOUS E(/NEKEN TH\N O)FEILOME/NHN TA/CIN METEKI/NHSAN. XREW\N GA\R TO\ E)GKW/MION PRO\ PA/NTWN TA/CAI KAI\ DIDA/CAI W(S O(/LON, U(/STERON DE\ PERI\ TW=N AU)TOU= MERW=N DIALABEI=N, OI(\ DE\ TA\ ME/RH TOU/TOU TH=S TOU= O(/LOU GNW/SEWS PROU)/TACAN: PRO/TE-RON GA\R DIDA/SKOUSI, TI/ XREI/A, TI/ GNW/MH, TI/ TE A)NA-SKEUH\ KAI\ KOINOI\ TO/POI, A(\ PA/NTA DIA\ TW=N E)GKWMIASTI-KW=N TO/PWN DHLONO/TI PERAI/NONTAI E)PAINOU/NTWN H(MW=N H)\ YEGO/NTWN TA\ U(POKEI/MENA, EI)=TA TELEUTAI=ON PERI\ E)GKW-MI/OU DIALAMBA/NOUSI. TOU=TO DE\ POIOU=SIN, E)PEI\ OU)K H)=N EI)KO\S TOU\S EI)SAGOME/NOUS PRO\ TW=N A(PLOUSTE/RWN DECIOU=-SQAI TOI=S POIKILWTE/ROIS: O(/QEN A)PO\ TW=N EU)XERESTE/RWN E)POIH/SANTO TH\N A)RXH/N, TH\N FUSIKH\N TA/CIN E(KO/NTES A)GNOH/-SANTES. @*(/OTI TOU= LE/GEIN H( FU/SIS AI)TI/A, TOU= DE\ EU)= LE/GEIN H( R(H-TORIKH/, H(\N E)CEU=RE *KO/RAC O( *SURAKOU/SIOS: H(\N KAI\ W(RI/-SANTO DU/NAMIN PEIQOU=S. PRO\S O(/ TIS [2A)\N]2 A)NTIPE/SOI KAI\ EI)/POI KATA\ TOU=TO MH\ E)/XEIN TE/LOS TH\N R(HTORIKH/N: E)N GA\R @1 TOI=S A)KROWME/NOIS E)STI\N H( PEIQW\ KAI\ OU) MO/NON E)N TOI=S LE/GOUSIN, W(S KAI\ *DHMOSQE/NHS DI' A)PORRH/TWN E)N TW=| *PARAPRESBEI/AS [2TH\N]2 R(HTORIKH\N O(RIZO/MENO/S FHSIN "6AI( ME\N TOI/NUN A)/LLAI DUNA/MEIS E)PIEIKW=S EI)SIN AU)TA/RKEIS, H( DE\ TOU= LE/GEIN, E)A\N TA\ PAR' U(MW=N A)NTISTH=|, DIAKO/PTETAI"6. *KAI\ O(/TI OU)X O(/TE MO/NON PEI/QEI R(H/TWR, A)LLA\ KAI\ O(/TE OU) PEI/QEI: OU)DE\ GA\R OU)DE\ I)ATRO/S, O(/TE OU)X U(GIA/ZEI, OU)K I)ATRO/S. @*(/OTI O( *)ARISTOTE/LOUS O(/ROS KALW=S E)/XEI, O(\S KAI\ FILO-NEIKI/AS KAI\ FILOTIMI/AS E)KTO\S U(PA/RXEI: O(/S E)STI KAI\ OU(=TOS "3DU/NAMIS TEXNIKH\ TOU= PERI\ E(/KASTON E)NDEXOME/NOU PI-QANOU="3. "3DU/NAMIS"3 PRO/SKEITAI DIA\ TO\ DU/NASQAI PRO\S A)/MFW TOU\S E)NANTI/OUS LO/GOUS POIEI=N TOU\S E)/XONTAS, "3TEXNIKH/"3 DE\ DIA\ TO\ XRH/SIMON: FAI/H GA\R A)/N TIS KAI\ TOU\S TA\S YEUDO-TEXNI/AS KAI\ KAKOTEXNI/AS EI)DO/TAS DUNATOU\S EI)=NAI PERI\ TA\ U(POKEI/MENA, OI(=ON MAGEI/ROUS, KOMMWTA/S, KAPH/LOUS, MA-STROPOU\S KAI\ O(/SOI O(/MOIOI: KALW=S OU)=N DIA\ TAU=TA TO\ "3TEXNIKH/"3 W(S E(POME/NOU TH=| TE/XNH| TOU= XRHSI/MOU. TW=| DE\ "3TOU= PERI\ E(/KASTON E)NDEXOME/NOU PIQANOU="3 A)FWRI/ZETO AU)TH\N GRAMMATIKH=S [2KAI\]2 I)ATRIKH=S: H(\ ME\N GA\R PERI\ TO/NOUS KAI\ XRO/NOUS [GRA/FEIN] E)/XEI TH\N DU/NAMIN KAI\ EI)/ TI [2E)N]2 GRA/MMASIN E(/TERON, H(\ DE\ PERI\ FA/RMAKA KAI\ TH\N FU/SIN, A(\ OU) [2R(HTORIKH=S]2. EI) DE/ TIS EI)/POI, O(/TI TOU/TW| TW=| LO/GW| KAI\ I)DIW/THS R(H/TWR_E)/SQ' O(/TE GA\R PEI/QEI_, E)ROU=MEN W(S, @1 EI) KAI\ O( I)DIW/THS PEI/QEI, A)LL' OU) TE/XNH| A)LLA\ TU/XH|, TE/XNH| DE\ O( R(H/TWR: W(/SPER KAI\ O( I)DIW/THS I)ATREU/SOI A)/N, A)LL' OU) TE/XNH|, TU/XH| DE/, TE/XNH| DE\ O( I)ATRO\S KAI\ E)PISTH/MH|, E)PEI\ KAI\ TH\N AI)TI/AN E)PI/STATAI. KAI\ A)/LLWS ME\N PROOIMIA/ZETAI, KAI\ OI)=DEN, W(S TH=S U(POQE/SEWS TE/SSARA ME/RH, A)/LLWS DE\ DIHGEI=TAI KAI\ A)GWNI/ZETAI E(TE/RWS KAI\ E)PILOGI/ZETAI. R(H/-TOROS DE\ TO\ PA/NTA ME\N POIH=SAI PEISTIKW=S, OU) ME/NTOI KAI\ PEI=SAI: H( GA\R PEIQW/, W(S FQA/NOMEN EI)PO/NTES, E)N TOI=S A)KROATAI=S. A)ME/LEI KAI\ *(UPERI/DHS OU)K E)/PEISEN U(PE\R *FRU/-NHS, E(/WS AU)TH\ TW=N E)LEEINW=N MASTW=N ME/RH PARADEI/CASA E)/PEISE. @*ZHTEI= DE\ O( R(H/TWR OU) TA\ KAQO/LOU A)LLA\ TA\ MERIKA\ W(S E)PI\ TO\ POLU/, OI(=ON OU) PERI\ PRODOSI/AS A(PLW=S A)LLA\ TH=S *AI)SXI/NOU H)\ *TIMOLA/OU, OU)DE\ PERI\ PROAGWGI/AS KOINW=S A)LLA\ TH=S *FRU/NWNOS, OU)D' EI) PLEUSTE/ON W(S E)/TUXEN A)LL' E)PI\ *SIKELI/AN *)AQHNAI/OIS. O(/QEN KAI\ TOU/TOIS AU)= PA/LIN *)ARISTOTE/LHS QAUMA/SIOS [2, O(\S]2 A)NTI/STROFON ME\N AU)TH/N FHSI TH=| DIALEKTIKH=|, EI)=NAI DE\ E(KATE/RA| TAU/THN PRO\S TH\N E(TE/RAN DIAFORA/N, O(/TI H( ME\N DIALEKTIKH\ PERI\ PA/NTWN O(-MOI/WS QEI/WN KAI\ A)NQRWPI/NWN PRAGMA/TWN ZHTEI= TO\ E)/N-DOCON KAI\ DIA\ TW=N KAQO/LOU PROI+OU=SA, R(HTORIKH\ DE\ PERI\ MO/NWN POLITIKW=N ZHTHMA/TWN TO\ E)/NDOCON KAI\ DIA\ TW=N E)PI\ ME/ROUS W(S E)PI/PAN. @*(/OTI DU/O FILOSOFIW=N LOGIKW=N OU)SW=N, A)PODEIKTIKH=S FHMI KAI\ DIALEKTIKH=S, W(=N H(\ ME\N TO\ A)LHQE\S ZHTEI= KAI\ TI/S @1 O( A)LHQEU/WN SULLOGISMO/S, H( DE\ DIALEKTIKH\ [2TOU=]2 A)LH-QOU=S ME\N OU) FRONTI/ZEI, TH=S NI/KHS DE\ MO/NHS KAI\ TOU= LO/-GOIS E(LEI=N TO\N A)NTILE/GONTA, DU/O EI)SI\ KAI\ R(HTORIKAI\ TOU/-TWN A)NTI/STROFOI, SUGGE/NEIAN KAI\ DIAFORA\N E)/XOUSAI PRO\S AU)TA/S: W(=N H(\ ME\N TO\ A)LHQE\S ZHTEI= W(S KAI\ FILOSOFI/A A)PO-DEIKTIKH/, KAI\ EI) SUMBAI/NEI H(TTA=SQAI, H(\N KAI\ E)N *FAI/DRW| *PLA/TWN QAUMA/ZEI: H(\ DE\ NI/KHS FRONTI/ZOUSA, EI) KAI\ MH\ DIKAI/AS, W(/SPER H( DIALEKTIKH/: KAQA\ KAI\ A)NTISTRO/FOUS FA/SKWN TIS R(HTORIKH\N KAI\ FILOSOFI/AN OU)K A)\N A(MA/RTOI. DIAFE/REI DE\ A)MFOI=N A)/MFW TW=| KAQO/LOU KAI\ MERIKW=| TW=N E)PIXEIRHMA/TWN. _*(/OTI W(/SPER FILOSOFI/AS E)/STI TRI/TON EI)=DOS, O(\ KAI\ KALOU=SI PEIRASTIKO/N, OU(/TWS KAI\ R(HTORIKH=S, O(\ KAI\ KOLAKIKO\N *PLA/TWN FHSI\ KAI\ POLITIKH=S MORI/OU EI)/DWLON: A(\ W(S GELOI=A PA/NTH| A)POPEMPO/MEQA KAI\ KATE-GNWSME/NA. E)/STI DE\ TOU=TO TO\ TH=S R(HTORIKH=S EI)=DOS E)N TOI=S A)POSXEDI/OIS KAI\ I)AMBOKRO/TOIS KAI\ KOMMATI/OIS KAI\ O(/SAI KAKI/AI FRA/SEWS. O(/QEN KAI\ *)ARISTEI/DHS DEINW=S E)N TH=| KOINH=| A)POLOGI/A| FHSI\N "6E)GW\ DE\ EI) ME/N E)STIN H( R(HTORIKH\ DIPLOU=N H)\ MH/, TO/TE DEI=N OI)HQEI/HN ZHTEI=N, O(/TAN KAI\ TH\N DIALEKTIKH\N EI) DIPLOU=N E)STI SKOPW=MEN KAI\ TH\N I)ATRI-KH\N KAI\ TH\N KUBERNHTIKH/N, DIA\ TOU\S E)N E(KA/STH| TW=N TE-XNW=N TOU= DE/ONTOS A(MARTA/NONTAS."6 _*(/OTI KOLAKIKH\N OU) XRH\ KALEI=N [2TH\N]2 R(HTORIKH\N OU)DE\ KO/LAKAS TOU\S R(H/TORAS: @1 KO/LAKAS ME\N GA\R TINA\S TW=N R(HTO/RWN GENE/SQAI KA)\N AU)TOI\ O(MOLOGH/SWMEN, PRO\S FILONEIKI/AN TINA\S R(E/YANTAS, XARA-KTHRI/ZEIN DE\ TA\S TE/XNAS A)PO\ TOU= KREI/TTONOS DEI=, OU)XI\ DE\ TA\ A)PO\ TW=N METIO/NTWN E)GKLH/MATA TAU/TAIS PROS-A/PTEIN. OU) GA/R, EI)/ TIS I)ATRO/S, DHLHTH/RION DOU\S KAI\ A)PO-KTEI/NAS QERAPEU/EIN E)PAGGEILA/MENOS, KATA\ TH=S TE/XNHS E)NE/GKOI TH\N YH=FON, OU) KUBERNH/THS KATADU/SAS TH\N NAU=N, OU) FILO/SOFOS A)TOPWTA/TWN DOGMA/TWN H(GEMW\N GEGONW/S: A)ME/LEI *)EPI/KOUROS KAI\ *DIAGO/RAS, O(\ ME\N TW=N U(PO\ SELH/-NHN LE/GWN TO\N QEO\N MH\ FRONTI/ZEIN, O( *DIAGO/RAS DE\ O( *MH/-LIOS A)MFISBHTW=N, EI) O(/LWS E)/STI QEO/S, OU)DE/NA MW=MON PROS-E/TRIYAN FILOSOFI/A|, A)LLA\ SOFI/AS A)NA/CIOI E)KRI/QHSAN. EI) OU)=N TAU=TA, OU)DE\N TO\ KWLU=SON KAI\ H(MA=S TH=| AU)TH=| XRHSA-ME/NOUS DIKAIOLOGI/A| TE KAI\ A)PODEI/CEI TOU\S KO/LAKAS E)KBA/LLEIN R(HTORIKH=S. @*(/OTI E)/RGA R(H/TOROS TO\ NOH=SAI, TO\ EU(REI=N, TO\ DIAQE/SQAI TA\ EU(RHME/NA, TO\ U(POKRI/NASQAI. *)/ESTI DE\ TH=S ME\N NOH/-SEWS TO\ NOH=SAI, EI) POLITIKO\N TO\ ZH/THMA H)\ MH/, KAI\ EI) SUNE/STHKEN H)\ MH/, KAI\ POI/OU TH=S R(HTORIKH=S EI)/DOUS H)\ XARAKTH=ROS[2, KAI\ TH\N STA/SIN, U(F' H(\N A)NA/GETAI TO\ PRO/-BLHMA]2. _*TH=S DE\ EU(RE/SEWS TO\ EU(REI=N TA\ EI)S TA\ KEFA/-LAIA E)PIXEIRH/MATA PRO\S TH=| TW=N KEFALAI/WN EU(RE/SEI, E)/TI @1 KAI\ TOU\S E)MPI/PTONTAS TO/POUS TA/ TE PROOI/MIA KAI\ TA\ NOH/-MATA: H( GA\R DIH/GHSIS OU) TH=S EU(RE/SEW/S E)STIN: OU) GA\R EU(RI/SKEI O( R(H/TWR DIH/GHSIN, A)LL' E)K TH=S U(POQE/SEWS LAMBA/NEI KA)KEI= POIEI= TA\ NOH/MATA. _*DIAQE/SEWS DE\ TO\ DIAQE/SQAI TH\N TA/CIN KAI\ TH\N OI)KONOMI/AN. DIAFE/REI DE\ TA/CIS OI)KONOMI/AS, O(/TI H( ME\N TA/CIS TH=S A)KOLOUQI/AS E)STI\ TW=N KEFALAI/WN KAI\ TOU= EI)DE/NAI KATA\ TA/CIN XRH/SASQAI AU)TOI=S, POI/W| TINI\ PRW/TW| H)\ POI/W| DEUTE/RW|, H( DE\ OI)KONOMI/A E)STI\ TOU= SUMFE/RONTOS: POLLA/KIS GA\R DIA\ TO\ SUMFE/RON A)NASTRE/FOMEN TH\N TA/CIN KAI\ XRW/MEQA TW=| PRW/TW|, EI) SUMFE/REI, DEUTE/RW|, E)/SQ' O(/TE DE\ KAI\ PARALEI/POME/N TINA TW=N KEFALAI/WN. _*(H DE\ U(PO/KRISI/S E)STIN, I(/NA "3KAI\ TW=| SXH/MATI KAI\ TW=| BLE/MMATI KAI\ TH=| FWNH=|"3 W(S A)\N TRA-GW|DO\S A)/RISTOS KALW=S TOI=S LEGOME/NOIS SUSXHMATI/ZHTAI: LE/GOUSI DE\ SXHMATI/ZESQAI, O(/SON PROSH/KEI R(H/TORI, KAI\ MH\ DIA\ TOU= PERITTOU= PRO\S A)/LLO TI SXH=MA E)KPESEI=N. LE/GOUSI DE\ TOU/TOU, TH=S U(POKRI/SEW/S FHMI, PRW=TON *)ANDRO/-NIKON EI)SHGHTH\N GENE/SQAI TO\N U(POKRITH/N, TOU= *DHMOSQE/-NOUS PERI\ TH\N TW=N LO/GWN E)PI/DEICIN A)POTUGXA/NONTOS. KAI\ O(/TI ME/GISTON TO\ U(POKRI/NESQAI KAI\ R(HTORIKO\N O)/FELOS, MA/RTUS AU)TO\S *DHMOSQE/NHS: E)RWTHQEI\S GOU=N POTE, TI/ A)\N EI)/H R(HTORIKH/, "3U(PO/KRISIS"3 E)/FH: H(\N DH\ KAI\ TELEW/TERON *PW=LOS O( U(POKRITH\S LE/GETAI AU)TO\N E)KDIDA/CAI. TINE\S DE/ @1 FASIN A)PO\ O)RGH=S *DHMOSQE/NHN TOU=TO EI)PEI=N, FHMI\ DH\ TO\ "3R(HTORIKH/ E)STIN U(PO/KRISIS"3, DIA\ TO\ POTE\ KAKW=S U(PO-KRINA/MENON MH\ PEI=SAI DUNHQH=NAI: PLH\N KAI\ *QEO/FRASTOS O( FILO/SOFOS O(MOI/WS FHSI\ ME/GISTON EI)=NAI R(H/TORI PRO\S TO\ PEI=SAI TH\N U(PO/KRISIN, EI)S TA\S A)RXA\S A)NAFE/RWN KAI\ TA\ PA/QH TH=S YUXH=S KAI\ TH\N KATANO/HSIN TOU/TWN, W(S KAI\ TH=| O(/LH| E)PISTH/MH| SU/MFWNON EI)=NAI TH\N KI/NHSIN TOU= SW/MATOS KAI\ TO\N TO/NON TH=S FWNH=S. @*(/OTI STOIXEI=A NOH/SEWS TAU=TA: PRW=TON ME\N KAI\ A(PLOU=N NO/HMA, EI) DEI= BOHQH=SAI *)OLUNQI/OIS, EI)=TA TOU\S EI)S AU)TO\ LO/GOUS EU(REI=N, OI(=ON E)N TH=| TW=N E)PIXEIRHMA/TWN EU)PORI/A|, A(\ EI)S KATASKEUH\N TOU= NOH/MATOS LAMBA/NOUSI: TOU/TWN TA\ ME/N E)STI PARADEIGMATIKA/, TA\ DE\ E)NQUMHMATIKA/. *KAI\ DEI= MH\ MO/NON EU(REI=N, A)LLA\ KAI\ KALW=S E(RMHNEU=SAI. E(RMHNEI/AS DE\ A)RETAI\ D#: E(LLHNISMO/S, SAFH/NEIA, SUNTOMI/A, PIQANO/-THS. TH\N DE\ SUNTOMI/AN PRO\S TH\N A)CI/AN TH=S XREI/AS DOKI-MA/ZESQAI DEI=: OU)DE\ GA\R FLUAREI=N TO\N *DHMOSQE/NHN E)ROU=-MEN E)N TW=| *PERI\ TOU= STEFA/NOU TOSAU=TA TIQE/NTA OU)DE\ TH=S KATA\ TH\N SUNTOMI/AN A)RETH=S E)KPESEI=N: MAKRO\N GA\R OU)X A(PLW=S TO\ MAKRO/N, A)LL' O(/SON E)/CW TH=S XREI/AS, KAI\ SU/NTO-MON OU)X, O(/PER TH=| BRAXU/THTI TW=N STOIXEI/WN A)DIKH/SEI TA\ PRA/GMATA, A)LL' O(/PER TW=N U(POKEIME/NWN PRAGMA/TWN TH=| XREI/A| TO\ ME/TRON E)KTEI/NEI. DEI= DE\ PROSQEI=NAI KAI\ TO\ KU-RI/WS KEXRH=SQAI TAI=S LE/CESIN. A)/MEINON DE\ A)NTI\ TH=S SUNTO-MI/AS TH\N SUMMETRI/AN EI)PEI=N: KAI\ GA\R POLLA\ KAI\ E)LA/-XISTA E)ROU=MEN A)KOLOUQOU=NTES TH=| U(/LH|. A)LL' OU)DE\ TH=S SAFHNEI/AS A)EI\ FRONTIOU=MEN, A)LLA\ SAFW=S ME\N E)ROU=MEN @1 U(PE\R H(MW=N, A)SAFW=S DE\ TA\ KAQ' H(MW=N: W(/SPER KAI\ *DH-MOSQE/NHS E)N TW=| *PERI\ TOU= STEFA/NOU OU)K E)/XWN LU=SAI TOU\S KAQ' E(AUTOU= NO/MOUS, OI(=S *AI)SXI/NHS E)XRH/SATO KAT' AU)TOU=, KATAPE/FEUGEN E)PI\ TO\ A)SAFE\S OU(TWSI\ LE/GWN "6TW=N ME\N OU)=N NO/MWN, OU(\S OU(=TOS A)/NW KAI\ KA/TW KUKW=N E)/LEGE PERI\ TW=N PARAGEGRAMME/NWN NO/MWN, OU)/TE U(MA=S MA\ TOU\S QEOU\S OI)=MAI MANQA/NEIN OU)/TE AU)TO\S E)DUNA/MHN SUNEI=NAI TA\ POLLA/"6. A)LL' OU)DE\ TAI=S LE/CESI PANTAXOU= XRHSO/MEQA KU-RI/WS, A)LL' E)/STIN O(/TE KAI\ TROPIKW=S W(S O( *DHMOSQE/NHS "3MEQU/EI TW=| MEGE/QEI TW=N PEPRAGME/NWN *FI/LIPPOS"3. *DEI= DE\ KAI\ MNH/MHS TW=| R(H/TORI PROSEI=NAI KAI\ FU/SEWS KAI\ E)PIMELEI/AS. KAI\ O(/TI E)PIME/LEIA TO\ PA=N DU/NATAI KATOR-QOU=N, MA/RTUS *DHMOSQE/NHS, E)N OI(=S ME\N E)GUMNA/SATO, PA/-NU EU)DOKIMW=N_TW=| SUMBOULEUTIKW=| FHMI KAI\ DIKANI-KW=|_, E)N DE\ TW=| PANHGURIKW=| TOU= A)KRIBOU=S A)STOXW=N DIA\ TO\ A)MELE/THTON, W(S O( *)EPITA/FIOS AU)TOU= DEI/KNUSI. KAI/TOI EI) KAI\ TO\ SUMBOULEUTIKO\N PROTROPH=| KAI\ A)POTROPH=| TO\ KRA/TOS E)/XEI KAI\ TO\ DIKANIKO\N KATHGORI/A| KAI\ A)POLOGI/A|, A(\ DIA\ TW=N E)GKWMIASTIKW=N TO/PWN PRO/EISI, POLU\S DE\ TO\ SUMBOULEUTIKO\N KAI\ DIKANIKO\N O( *DHMOSQE/NHS KAI\ PA/N-TWS DIA\ POLLH=S H(/KWN PEI/RAS, DI' W(=N TAU=TA KATASKEUA/-ZETAI, A)LL' O(/MWS DIA\ TO\ A)MELE/THTON, W(S FQA/NOMEN EI)-PO/NTES, W(S ME\N U(/LH| E)MPI/PTONTI TW=| PANHGURIKW=| E)PI/STA- @1TAI XRH=SQAI KALW=S, AU)TO\ DE\ KAQ' AU(TO\ METIE/NAI A)DU-NATEI= DIA\ TO\ A)GU/MNASTON. @*)ISTE/ON DE/, W(S OU) PERI\ PA/SHS E)NTAU=QA R(HTORIKH=S *(ERMOGE/NHS DIALE/GETAI: OU)/TE GA\R PERI\ PROOIMI/WN DIA-LAMBA/NEI_W(S E)/STIN E)C AU)TOU= TH\N MARTURI/AN LABEI=N FA/-SKONTOS "6A)KRIBE/STERON DE\ E)N TW=| PERI\ PROOIMI/OU LELE/-CETAI"6 _OU)/TE PERI\ DIHGH/SEWN OU)DE\ A)GW/NWN H)\ E)PILO/GWN: KAI\ GA\R OU)DE\ E)N TOI=S E)PILO/GOIS POLU/S TIS FAI/NETAI GEGO-NW\S PRO\S A)KRI/BEIAN. A)LL' OU)D' O(/TI GE/NOS ME\N H( R(HTORIKH/, DIDA/SKEI, EI)/DH DE\ TO\ DIKANIKO/N, TO\ SUMBOULEUTIKO/N, TO\ PANHGURIKO/N: OU)DE\ O(/TI W(S O(/LON ME\N TO\ PRO/BLHMA, ME/RH DE\ AU)TOU= PROOI/MION, DIH/GHSIS KAI\ TA\ LOIPA/: OU)DE\ PA/LIN, O(/TI O(/LON ME\N TO\ DIKANIKO/N, ME/RH DE\ AU)TOU= KATHGORI/A KAI\ A)POLOGI/A, KAI\ TOU= SUMBOULEUTIKOU= ME\N PROTROPH\ KAI\ A)POTROPH/, TOU= DE\ PANHGURIKOU= E)GKW/MION KAI\ YO/GOS, A)LLA\ MO/NON "6PERI\ TH=S TW=N POLITIKW=N ZHTHMA/TWN DIAIRE/-SEWS"6 DIALAMBA/NEI E)NTAU=QA. @*DEI= DE\ EI)DE/NAI, O(/TI E(/TERO/N E)STI KEFA/LAION KAI\ E(/TERON EU(/RESIS, PERI\ W(=N KATA\ TO\N OI)KEI=ON TO/PON E)ROU=MEN. @*(/OTI PA=SA TE/XNH H)\ KATA\ TO\ A)NAGKAI=ON EI)LEI=TAI TOU= BI/OU KAI\ SUMFE/RON, W(S OI)KODOMHTIKH\ KAI\ XALKEUTIKH/, H)\ KATA\ TO\ TE/RYIN POIOU=N, W(S ZWGRAFI/A, H)\ KAI\ KAT' A)/MFW, W(S MOUSIKH/. TAU=TA DE\ PA/NTA R(HTORIKH\ PERIEILHFUI=A EI)KO/TWS A)\N PROSAGOREUQEI/H TE/XNH. @*(WS DE\ KAI\ POLLA/KIS H)/DH EI)/RHTAI, TREI=S EI)SI R(HTORIKAI/, W(/SPER KAI\ TREI=S FILOSOFI/AI, [2AI(\]2 KAI\ A)NTISTRE/FOUSIN A)LLH/LAIS. A)NTISTRE/FEI GA\R H( PRW/TH R(HTORIKH\ TH=| PRW/TH| FILOSOFI/A|, KAQO\ [2TO\]2 PA/NTWS A)GAQO\N KAI\ A)LHQE\S KAI\ @1 AU)TH\ W(/SPER KAI\ FILOSOFI/A METAXEIRI/ZETAI: H(\N DH\ KAI\ METH=LQON *SO/LWN TE KAI\ OI( KAT' AU)TO/N. H( DEUTE/RA DE\ TH=| DEUTE/RA| FILOSOFI/A|, H(\ KALEI=TAI DIALEKTIKH/, H(/TIS EI)-LEI=TAI PERI\ TA\ E)/NDOCA KAI\ OU) PA/NTH| A)LHQH=: TAU/THN DE/, TH\N DEUTE/RAN FHMI\ R(HTORIKH/N, OI( PERI\ TO\N *DHMOSQE/NHN METEXEIRI/SANTO. H( DE\ TRI/TH TH=| TRI/TH| FILOSOFI/A| TH=| KAI\ E)RISTIKH=| KALOUME/NH|, A(\S OU)DE\ TE/XNAS EU)/LOGON PROSAGO-REU/EIN DIA\ TO\ TH\N E)RISTIKH\N PERI\ MO/NHN XLEU/HN A)POKLI/-NEIN KAI\ MEIRAKIW/DH, TH\N DE\ TRI/THN R(HTORIKH\N PERI\ GE-LOIW/DH TINA\ TW=N MEIRAKI/WN TO\N KRO/TON A)NEGEI/ROUSAN KAI\ KOLAKEI/AN U(PA/RXOUSAN A)NAIDH=, H(\N KAI\ METEXEIRI/SANTO E)N ME\N XARAKTH=RI KAI\ E)NQUMH/MASIN H(MARTHME/NOIS OI( PERI\ *QRASU/MAXON KAI\ *GORGI/AN, POLLW=| ME\N TW=| PARI/SW| XRHSA/-MENOI KAI\ TH\N EU)KAIRI/AN H)GNOHKO/TES TOU/TOU TOU= SXH/-MATOS, E)N DE\ DIANOI/A| KAI\ TRO/PW| LE/CEWS A)/LLOI TE POLLOI\ KAI\ DH\ KAI\ *GORGI/AS AU)TO\S KOUFO/TATOS W)/N, W(S KAI\ TH\N A)PAGGELI/AN TAU/THN E)N TW=| *)EPITAFI/W| AU)TOU= OU)K I)SXU/WN GU=PAS EI)PEI=N ZW=NTAS EI)/RHKE TA/FOUS: DIANOI/A| DE\ U(PEK-PI/PTEI TOU= DE/ONTOS, W(S KAI\ *)ISOKRA/THS MARTUREI= OU(/TWS FA/SKWN "6TI/S GA\R A)\N U(PERBA/LOITO *GORGI/AN TOLMH/SANTA LE/GEIN, W(S OU)DE\N TW=N O)/NTWN E)/STI;"6 ME/MNHTAI KAI\ *DH-MOSQE/NHS TOIOU/TWN TINW=N KAQ' E(AUTO\N A)KRA/TWS E)SXH-KO/TWN TO\ KOLAKEUTIKO\N KAI\ QERAPEUTIKO/N, E)N OI(=S FHSIN "6E)C OU(= DE\ H(MI=N OI( DIERWTW=NTES OU(=TOI PEFH/NASI R(H/TORES"6: @1 OU)DE\N GA\R A)/LLO TO\ "3DIERWTW=NTES"3 DU/NATAI DHLOU=N OI)=MAI H)\ TOU=TO, TOUTE/STIN E)RWTW=NTES DIA\ PANTO/S. KAI/TOI OU)DE\N A)/TOPON KAI\ E)RWTH=SAI/ POTE KAI\ QERAPEU=SAI META\ TOU= PRE/PONTOS: E)PEI\ KAI\ *DHMOSQE/NHS E)RWTA=| POLLA/KIS, E)RW-TH/SEWS E)GNWKW\S TO\N KAIRO/N, TO\ DE\ DIA\ PANTO\S E)RWTA=N MO/NOU TOU= KO/LAKOS. @*(/OTI OU)XI\ TOU/TOU TOU= *(ERMOGE/NOUS E)STI\N H( PAROU=SA R(HTORIKH/, OU(= *FILO/STRATOS E)N TH=| [PERI\] TW=N SOFISTW=N MNHMONEU/EI I(STORI/A|, A)LL' E(TE/ROU. @*KAI\ O(/TI LELHQO/TWS DIA\ TOU= PROSA/YAI AU)TO\N TW=| PRO-OIMI/W| TOU= PARO/NTOS BIBLI/OU TO\N TH=S TE/XNHS O(/RON TE/XNHN A)PE/DEICE [2TH\N]2 R(HTORIKH/N. 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OU(/TWS DE\ E)/XONTOS TOU/TOU PW=S OU)K A)TOPW/TATON H)=N TO\N PERI\ PASW=N E)PAGGEILA/MENON E)K MIA=S STA/SEWS, TH=S PRA-GMATIKH=S FHMI, TH\N PA=SAN TEXNOLOGI/AN POIH/SASQAI; DH=-LON TOI/NUN, O(/TI "3KALO/N"3 EI)RHKW\S TO\ PANHGURIKO\N DHLOI=, W(/SPER DIA\ TW=N LOIPW=N TA\ LOIPA/. O(/QEN DE\ H( PLA/NH TOU= O(/TI PERI\ TH=S PRAGMATIKH=S E)NTAU=QA LE/GEI, E)KEI=SE [2GENO/MENOI]2 QEOU= SUNERGEI/A| LE/COMEN. 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