Rulers: Austria
The Austrian lands to 1918
Note: Under this heading are included those Länder that ended up constituting the present-day Austria. Note that common rulers of several or all of these polities are often recorded with different ordinal numbers; e.g., Emperor Karl I (1916-18) may be listed as Karl IV, archduke of Austria (apart from his very official style Károly IV, apostolic king of Hungary). In this record the normative numbering is that of Austria. In the time covered by this record, the common style of the ruler, with reference to these lands, is Erzherzog/Erzherzogin von Österreich, Herzog/Herzogin von Steiermark, Kärnten und Krain, Gefürsteter Graf/Gefürstete Gräfin von Tirol (Archduke/Archduchess of Austria, Duke/Duchess of Styria, Carinthia, and Carniola, Princely Count/Countess of Tyrol). The exception is Salzburg, for which see below.
Austria (Österreich)
970 Ostmark, from 976 under the Babenberg dynasty
17 Sep 1156 Duchy of Austria (Herzogtum Österreich), under the
Babenberg dynasty to 15 Jun 1246
27 Dec 1282 Habsburg dynasty established (Habsburg-Lothringen dynasty
from 29 Nov 1780)
23 Nov 1457 Archduchy of Austria (Erzherzogtum Österreich); later in
official use in full: Archduchy of Austria above and below
the Enns (Erzherzogtum Österreich ob und unter der Enns)
30 Dec 1849 divided into Upper Austria (Oberösterreich), officially
Archduchy of Austria above the Enns (Erzherzogtum Österreich
ob der Enns), and Lower Austria (Niederösterreich),
officially Archduchy of Austria below the Enns (Erzherzogtum
Österreich unter der Enns)
Archdukes/Archduchesses
- Habsburg dynasty -
2 Apr 1657 - 5 May 1705 Leopold I (b. 1640 - d. 1705)
5 May 1705 - 17 Apr 1711 Joseph I (b. 1678 - d. 1711)
17 Apr 1711 - 20 Oct 1740 Karl III (b. 1685 - d. 1740)
(= Karl VI as Holy Roman emperor)
20 Oct 1740 - 29 Nov 1780 Maria Theresia (f) (b. 1717 - d. 1780)
- Habsburg-Lothringen dynasty -
29 Nov 1780 - 20 Feb 1790 Joseph II (b. 1741 - d. 1790)
20 Feb 1790 - 1 Mar 1792 Leopold II (b. 1747 - d. 1792)
1 Mar 1792 - 2 Mar 1835 Franz I (b. 1768 - d. 1835)
(= Franz II as Holy Roman emperor)
2 Mar 1835 - 2 Dec 1848 Ferdinand IV (b. 1793 - d. 1875)
(= Ferdinand I as emperor)
2 Dec 1848 - 21 Nov 1916 Franz Joseph I (b. 1830 - d. 1916)
21 Nov 1916 - 11 Nov 1918 Karl IV (b. 1887 - d. 1922)
(= Karl I as emperor)
Statthalter
1687 - 1705 Johann Quintin Reichsgraf von
Jörger (b. 1624 - d. 1705)
1705 - 1711 Ferdinand Karl Graf von Welz (b. 1653 - d. 1711)
1711 - 1742 Sigismund Friedrich (from 1725,
Reichsgraf) von Khevenhüller (b. 1666 - d. 1742)
1742 - 1746 Leopold Johann Victorin Reichsgraf
von Windischgrätz (b. 1686 - d. 1746)
1746 - 1749 Johann Ferdinand Graf von
Kuefstein (b. 1686 - d. 1755)
1749 - 1750 Adam Philipp Losy Graf von
Losymthal (b. ... - d. 1781)
1750 - 1753 Philipp Joseph Graf Orsini und
Rosenberg (b. 1691 - d. 1765)
1753 - 1758 Heinrich Wilhelm Freiherr von
Haugwitz (b. 1711 - d. 1758)
1759 - 1770 Franz Ferdinand Graf von
Schrattenbach (b. 1707 - d. 1785)
1770 - 1779 Christian August Graf von Seilern
und Aspang (b. 1717 - d. 1801)
1779 - 1782 Joseph Johann Nepomuk Graf von
Herberstein (b. 1725 - d. 1809)
1782 - 1790 Johann Anton Graf von Pergen (b. 1725 - d. 1814)
1791 - 1795 Wenzel Graf Sauer von und zu
Ankenstein (b. 1742 - d. 1799)
1795 - 1797 Franz Joseph Graf Saurau
(1st time) (b. 1760 - d. 1832)
1797 - 1802 Jacob Reichsfreiherr von Wöber zu
Hagenberg
1802 - 1804 Joseph Thaddäus Vogt Freiherr von
Sumerau (b. ... - d. 1817)
1804 - 1805 Joseph Karl Graf Dietrichstein (b. 1763 - d. 1825)
1805 - 1807 Ignaz Karl Graf Chorinsky,
Freiherr Ledske (1st time) (b. 1770 - d. 1823)
1807 - 1809 Ferdinand Graf von Bissingen und
Nippenburg (b. 1749 - d. 1831)
1809 - 1814 Franz Joseph Graf Saurau
(2nd time) (s.a.)
1815 - 1816 Ignaz Karl Graf Chorinsky,
Freiherr Ledske (2nd time) (s.a.)
1817 - 1828 Augustin Freiherr Reichmann von
Hochkirchen (b. 1754 - d. 1828)
1828 - 1829 Alois Graf von und zu Ugarte (b. 1784 - d. 1845)
1829 - 1830 Franz Graf von Klebelsberg,
Freiherr zu Thumburg (b. 1774 - d. 1857)
1830 - 1848 Johann Adam Talatzko (from 1834:)
Freiherr von Gestieticz (b. 1778 - d. 1858)
1848 Anton Raimund Graf von Lamberg (b. 1795 - d. 1869)
Austria above the Enns
Statthalter
1 Jan 1849 - 4 May 1851 Alois Fischer (b. 1796 - d. 1883)
4 May 1851 - 22 May 1862 Eduard Freiherr von Bach (b. 1814 - d. 1884)
28 Apr 1863 - 8 Jan 1867 Franz Freiherr von Spiegelfeld (b. 1802 - d. 1885)
8 Jan 1867 - 6 Mar 1867 Eduard Graf Taaffe (b. 1833 - d. 1895)
7 Mar 1867 - 24 Jul 1868 Ignaz Freiherr von Schurda (b. 1822 - d. 1879)
24 Jul 1868 - 6 Feb 1871 Karl Graf Hohenwart (b. 1824 - d. 1899)
19 May 1871 - 9 Oct 1872 Sigmund Freiherr Conrad von
Eybesfeld (b. 1821 - d. 1898)
9 Oct 1872 - 5 Aug 1877 Otto Freiherr von Wiedenfeld (b. 1818 - d. 1877)
9 Dec 1877 - 12 Aug 1879 Bohuslav Ritter von Widmann (b. 1836 - d. 1888)
13 Aug 1879 - 14 Jan 1881 Felix Freiherr Pino von
Friedenthal (b. 1826 - d. 1906)
5 Sep 1881 - 8 Jul 1889 Philip Freiherr Weber von Ebenhof (b. 1818 - d. 1900)
9 Jul 1889 - 24 Jun 1890 Franz Carl Graf Merveldt (b. 1844 - d. 1916)
24 Jun 1890 - 13 Feb 1902 Viktor Freiherr von Puthon (b. 1842 - d. 1919)
13 Dec 1902 - 1 Jan 1905 Arthur Graf Bylandt-Rheidt (b. 1854 - d. 1915)
20 Jan 1905 - 27 Aug 1916 Erasmus Freiherr von Handel
(1st time) (b. 1860 - d. 1928)
1917 Rudolf Graf Meran (b. 1872 - d. 1959)
20 Oct 1917 - 2 Nov 1918 Erasmus Freiherr von Handel
(2nd time) (s.a.)
Landeshauptleute
8 Apr 1861 - 15 May 1868 Dominik Lebschy (b. 1799 - d. 1884)
15 May 1868 - 24 Jun 1868 Karl Wiser (acting) (b. 1800 - d. 1889)
24 Jun 1868 - 13 Sep 1871 Moritz Eigner (1st time) (b. 1822 - d. 1900)
13 Sep 1871 - 18 Dec 1871 Julius Graf von Falkenhayn (b. 1829 - d. 1899)
18 Dec 1871 - 9 Sep 1884 Moritz Eigner (2nd time) (s.a.)
9 Sep 1884 - 14 Sep 1884 Karl Grienberger (acting) (b. 1824 - d. 1908)
14 Sep 1884 - 26 Jan 1897 Leonard Achleuthner (b. 1826 - d. 1905)
26 Jan 1897 - 6 May 1898 Michael Freiherr von Kast (b. 1859 - d. 1932)
6 May 1898 - 30 Dec 1907 Alfred Ebenhoch (b. 1855 - d. 1912)
30 Dec 1907 - 4 May 1908 Ernst Jäger (acting) (b. 1847 - d. 1929)
4 May 1908 - 8 Feb 1927 Johann Nepomuk Hauser (b. 1866 - d. 1927)
Austria below the Enns
Statthalter
1849 Gustav Ignaz Graf Chorinsky,
Freiherr Ledske (1st time) (b. 1806 - d. 1873)
1849 - 1858 Joseph Wilhelm (from 1856,
Freiherr von) Eminger (b. 1801 - d. 1858)
1858 - 1860 Karl Fürst von Lobkowitz (b. 1814 - d. 1879)
1860 - 1862 Anton Freiherr Halbhuber von
Festwill (b. 1809 - d. 1886)
1862 - 1868 Gustav Ignaz Graf Chorinsky,
Freiherr Ledske (2nd time) (s.a.)
1868 - 1872 Philipp Weber Ritter von Ebenhof (b. 1818 - d. 1900)
1872 - 1880 Sigismund Freiherr Conrad von
Eybesfeld (b. 1821 - d. 1898)
1880 - 1889 Ludwig Freiherr Possinger von
Choborski (b. 1823 - d. 1899)
1889 - 1895 Erich Graf Kielmansegg (1st time) (b. 1847 - d. 1923)
1895 Friedrich Freiherr Bourguignon
von Baumberg (b. 1846 - d. 1907)
1895 - 1911 Erich Graf Kielmansegg (2nd time) (s.a.)
1911 - 1915 Richard Freiherr von Bienerth (b. 1863 - d. 1918)
1915 - 1918 Oktavian Freiherr Regner von
Bleyleben (b. 1866 - d. 1945)
Landmarschälle
1861 - 1867 Joseph Fürst Colloredo-Mansfeld (b. 1813 - d. 1895)
1867 - 1870 Adolf Freiherr Pratobevera von
Wiesborn (b. 1806 - d. 1875)
1870 - 1880 Othmar Helferstorfer (b. 1810 - d. 1880)
1880 - 1884 Cajetan Freiherr von Felder (b. 1814 - d. 1894)
1884 - 1893 Christian Graf Kinsky zu Wchinitz
und Tettau
1893 - 1894 Leopold Freiherr von Gudenus (b. 1843 - d. 1913)
1894 - 1896 Otto Ehrenreich Graf
Abensberg-Traun (b. 1848 - d. 1899)
1896 - 1902 Joseph Freiherr von Gudenus
1902 - 1906 Frigdian Schmolk (b. 1842 - d. 1912)
1906 - 1918 Alois Prinz von und zu
Liechtenstein (b. 1846 - d. 1920)
Carinthia (Kärnten)
641 (Slavic) duchy of Carantania
828 Carantanian March, ruled by Dux Carantaniae (Duke of
Carantania)
911 - 976 incorporated into Bavaria
976 Duchy of Carinthia (Herzogtum Kärnten)
2 May 1535 Habsburg dynasty established (Habsburg-Lothringen dynasty
from 29 Nov 1780)
Dukes/Duchesses
2 Apr 1657 - 11 Nov 1918 the archdukes of Austria (s.a.)
Landespräsidenten
1870 - 1872 Alois Freiherr von Ceschi a
Santa Croce (b. 1825 - d. 1905)
1873 - 1880 Kaspar Graf von Lodron-Laterano (b. 1815 - d. 1895)
1880 - 1897 Franz Freiherr von
Schmidt-Zabiérow (b. 1826 - d. 1899)
14 Dec 1897 - Feb 1903 Otto Ritter Fraydt von Fraydenegg (b. 1851 - d. 1939)
1903 - 1912 Robert Freiherr von Hein (b. 1848 - d. 1918)
1912 - 1915 Alfred Freiherr von Fries-Skene (b. 1870 - d. 1947)
1915 - Nov 1918 Karl Graf von Lodron-Laterano (b. 1866 - d. 1938)
Landeshauptleute
1861 - 1876 Johan Anton Graf von Goëss (b. 1816 - d. 1883)
1876 - 1884 Johann Stieger (b. 1809 - d. 1884)
1884 - 1897 Joseph Erwein (b. 1818 - d. 1909)
1897 - 1909 Zeno Vinzenz Graf von Goëss (b. 1846 - d. 1911)
1909 - 1918 Leopold Freiherr von
Aichelburg-Labia (b. 1853 - d. 1926)
Salzburg
798 Archbishopric of Salzburg (Erzstift Salzburg)
1278 the archbishop becomes prince-archbishop (Fürsterzbischof)
11 Feb 1803 Salzburg is secularized as Duchy of Salzburg
27 Apr 1803 - 26 Dec 1805 the duke is made an elector of the Holy Roman Empire
(Kurfürst des Heiligen Römischen Reichs) by the Final Act,
and keeps his electoral status (until the dissolution of the
Holy Roman Empire 6 Aug 1806) when transferred to Würzburg
26 Dec 1805 Habsburg-Lothringen dynasty established
12 Sep 1810 incorporated into Bavaria
1 May 1816 restored to the Austrian empire
Prince-archbishops (Fürsterzbischöfe)
30 Jun 1687 - 20 Apr 1709 Johann Ernst Graf von Thun und
Hohenstein (b. 1643 - d. 1709)
20 Apr 1709 - 18 Jul 1727 Franz Anton Graf von Harrach
4 Oct 1727 - 22 Oct 1744 Leopold Anton Eleutherius Freiherr
von Firmian
13 Jan 1745 - 12 Jun 1747 Jakob Ernst Graf von
Liechtenstein-Castelcorno
10 Sep 1747 - 6 Jan 1753 Andreas Jakob Graf von
Dietrichstein
5 Apr 1753 - 16 Dec 1771 Siegmund III Christoph Graf von
Schrattenbach
14 Mar 1772 - 11 Feb 1803 Hieronymus Joseph Franz de Paula
Graf von Colloredo-Mels und
-Waldsee (b. 1732 - d. 1812)
Dukes
- Habsburg-Lothringen dynasty -
11 Feb 1803 - 26 Dec 1805 Ferdinand Joseph Johann Baptist
(from 27 Apr 1803 also prince-elector
of the Holy Roman Empire)
26 Dec 1805 - 12 Sep 1810 the archduke of Austria (s.a.)
1 May 1816 - 11 Nov 1918 the archdukes of Austria (s.a.)
Landespräsidenten
1850 - 1852 Friedrich Graf von Herberstein
1852 - 1855 Karl Fürst von Lobkowitz (b. 1814 - d. 1879)
1855 - 1859 Otto Graf von Fünfeichen
1860 Ernest Graf von Gourcy-Droitaumont
1861 - 1863 Franz Freiherr von Spiegelfeld
1863 - 1867 Eduard Graf Taaffe (b. 1833 - d. 1895)
1867 - 1869 Karl Graf von Coronini-Cronberg (b. 1818 - d. 1910)
1870 - 1871 Adolf Fürst Auersperg (b. 1821 - d. 1885)
1872 - 7 Sep 1897 Siegmund Graf Thun-Hohenstein (b. 1827 - d. 1897)
1897 - 1908 Clemens Graf Saint-Julien-Wallsee (b. 1845 - d. 1908)
1908 - 1913 Lewin Graf Schaffgotsch
1913 - 1918 Felix von Schmitt-Gasteiger
Landeshauptleute
1861 - 1872 Josef Freiherr von Weiss
1872 - 1880 Hugo Raimund Graf von Lamberg (b. 1833 - d. 1884)
1880 - 1890 Carl Graf Choroinsky (b. 1828 - d. 1897)
1890 - 1897 Albert Schumacher, Ritter von
Tännengau (1st time)
1897 - 1902 Alois Winkler (1st time) (b. 1838 - d. 1925)
1902 - 1909 Albert Schumacher, Ritter von
Tännengau (2nd time)
21 Jul 1909 - 23 Apr 1919 Alois Winkler (2nd time) (s.a.)
Styria (Steiermark)
970 Carantanian March (Karantanenmark)
18 Sep 1180 Duchy of Styria (Herzogtum Steier, later Steiermark)
27 Dec 1282 Habsburg dynasty established (Habsburg-Lothringen dynasty
from 29 Nov 1780)
Dukes/Duchesses
2 Apr 1657 - 11 Nov 1918 the archdukes of Austria (s.a.)
Statthalter
1865 - 1869 Karl Freiherr von Mecséry-Tsoor (b. 1804 - d. 1886)
1870 - 1895 Guido Freiherr Kübeck von Kübau (b. 1829 - d. 1907)
10 Oct 1895 - 1 Dec 1898 Olivier Marquis de Bacquehem (b. 1847 - d. 1917)
1898 - 1918 Manfred Graf von Clary und
Aldringen (b. 1852 - d. 1928)
Landeshauptleute
1687 - 1703 Georg von Stubenberg (b. 1632 - d. 1703)
1703 - 1714 Georg Seifried Graf von
Dietrichstein (b. 1645 - d. 1714)
1715 - 1729 Karl Weikhard Graf Breuner (b. 1666 - d. 1729)
1730 Siegmund Rudolf von Wagensperg (b. 1674 - d. 1734)
1730 - 1749 Karl Adam Graf Breuner (b. 1689 - d. 1777)
1749 - 12 Aug 1750 Thaddäus Graf Attems (b. 1691 - d. 1750)
21 Sep 1750 - 4 Jul 1762 Franz Ludwig Graf von Khünburg (b. 1705 - d. 1762)
14 Aug 1765 - 6 Apr 1782 Leopold Graf von Herberstein (b. 1712 - d. 1789)
1782 - 1791 Franz Anton Graf von Khevenhüller (b. 1737 - d. 1797)
1791 - 7 Jun 1800 Karl Thomas Graf Breuner (b. 1719 - d. 1800)
28 Jan 1801 - 23 May 1820 Ferdinand Maria Graf Attems (b. 1746 - d. 1820)
1820 - 14 Feb 1852 Ignaz Maria Graf Attems (b. 1774 - d. 1861)
3 Apr 1861 - 1870 Karl Graf von Gleispach (b. 1811 - d. 1888)
1871 - 26 Aug 1884 Moritz Ritter von Kaiserfeld,
Edler von Blagatinschegg (b. 1811 - d. 1885)
3 Sep 1884 - 12 Oct 1893 Ladislas Gundaker Graf
Wurmbrand-Stuppach (1st time) (b. 1838 - d. 1901)
14 Dec 1893 - 23 Dec 1896 Edmund Graf Attems (1st time) (b. 1847 - d. 1929)
28 Dec 1896 - 14 Dec 1897 Ladislas Gundaker Graf
Wurmbrand-Stuppach (2nd time) (s.a.)
16 Dec 1897 - 5 Nov 1918 Edmund Graf Attems (2nd time) (s.a.)
Tyrol (Tirol)
1140 County of Tyrol (Grafschaft Tirol)
26 Jan 1363 Habsburg dynasty established (Habsburg-Lothringen dynasty
from 29 Nov 1780)
1493 Princely County of Tyrol (Gefürstete Grafschaft Tirol)
1805 - 1814 annexed by Bavaria
Princely Counts/Countesses
25 Jun 1665 - 11 Nov 1918 the archdukes of Austria (s.a.)
Statthalter
Apr 1815 - 26 Sep 1819 Ferdinand Graf von Bissingen und
Nippenburg (b. 1749 - d. 1831)
1819 - 15 Jan 1825 Karl Graf Chotek von Cholkwa (b. 1783 - d. 1868)
15 Jan 1825 - 1837 Friedrich Graf Wilczek
1837 - 28 Jan 1841 Robert Freiherr von Benz
(1st time) (acting) (b. 1780 - d. 1850)
28 Jan 1841 - 17 Jul 1848 Clemens von Brandis (b. 1798 - d. 1863)
17 Jul 1848 - 17 Dec 1848 Robert Freiherr von Benz
(2nd time) (acting) (s.a.)
17 Dec 1848 - 30 Jul 1855 Cajetan Graf von Bissingen und
Nippenburg (b. 1806 - d. 1890)
30 Jul 1855 - 11 Jul 1861 Karl Ludwig Erzherzog von
Österreich (b. 1833 - d. 1896)
11 Jul 1861 - 6 Nov 1866 Karl Fürst von Lobkowitz (b. 1814 - d. 1879)
6 Nov 1866 - 28 Jan 1868 Georg Otto Graf von
Toggenburg-Sargans (b. 1811 - d. 1888)
28 Jan 1868 - 10 Feb 1868 Alphons Freiherr von Klinkowström (b. 1818 - d. 1891)
(acting)
10 Feb 1868 - 20 Sep 1870 Josef Freiherr von Lasser (b. 1815 - d. 1879)
20 Sep 1870 - 4 Oct 1870 Alois Freiherr von Ceschi (acting)
4 Oct 1870 - 8 May 1871 Kaspar Graf von Ladron-Laterano (b. 1815 - d. 1895)
8 May 1871 - May 1871 Johann Ritter von Vorhauser
(1st time) (acting) (b. 1811 - d. 1890)
May 1871 - 15 Feb 1879 Eduard Graf Taaffe (b. 1833 - d. 1895)
15 May 1879 - 13 Aug 1879 Johann Ritter von Vorhauser
(2nd time) (acting) (s.a.)
13 Aug 1879 - 18 Jun 1890 Bohuslav Ritter von Widmann (b. 1836 - d. 1911)
18 Jun 1890 - 24 Jun 1890 Viktor Freiherr von Puthon (b. 1842 - d. 1919)
(acting)
24 Jun 1890 - 7 Dec 1901 Franz Carl Graf Merveldt (b. 1844 - d. 1916)
7 Dec 1901 - 18 Mar 1906 Erwin Freiherr von Schwartzenau (b. 1858 - d. 1926)
18 Mar 1906 - 28 Mar 1913 Markus Freiherr von Spiegelfeld (b. 1858 - d. 1943)
(acting to 26 Aug 1907)
1913 - 1917 Friedrich Graf von Toggenburg (b. 1866 - d. 1956)
1917 - 1918 Rudolf Graf Meran (b. 1872 - d. 1959)
Landeshauptleute
Apr 1861 - 26 Feb 1862 Hieronymus von Klebelsberg (b. 1800 - d. 1862)
26 Feb 1862 - 1866 Johann Kiechl (b. 1804 - d. 1893)
1866 - 1869 Johann Baptist Hasslwanter (b. 1805 - d. 1869)
1869 - 1871 Eduard Grebmer von Wolfsthurn (b. 1821 - d. 1875)
14 Sep 1871 - 1876 Franz Ritter von Rapp-Heidenburg
(1st time) (b. 1823 - d. 1889)
1876 Florian Blaas (b. 1828 - d. 1906)
1877 - 29 Jul 1881 Wilhelm von Bossi-Fedrigotti (b. 1823 - d. 1905)
29 Jul 1881 - 1889 Franz Freiherr von Rapp-Heidenburg
(2nd time) (s.a.)
1889 Luigi Hippoliti, Freiherr von
Paradiso und Montebello (acting) (b. 1843 - d. 1910)
1889 - 1904 Anton Graf Brandis (b. 1832 - d. 1907)
1904 - 1916 Theodor Kathrein (from 1910,
Theodor Freiherr von Kathrein) (b. 1842 - d. 1916)
1916 - 1917 Aemilian Schöpfer (b. 1858 - d. 1928)
1917 - 6 Jun 1921 Josef Schraffl (b. 1855 - d. 1922)
Vorarlberg
1861 separate crown land (previously part of Tirol)
Statthalter
1861 - 1918 the Statthalter of Tirol (s.a.)
Landeshauptleute
1861 - 1873 Sebastian Froschauer (b. 1801 - d. 1884)
1873 - 1878 Anton Jussel (b. 1816 - d. 1878)
1878 - 1890 Carl Graf Belrupt-Tissac (b. 1826 - d. 1903)
1890 - 1918 Adolf Rhomberg (b. 1851 - d. 1921)