Rulers: Mozambique
Traditional polities
Note: This record is in three parts. (A) The last gasps of the Karanga empire (the "Empire of the Monomotapa"), with its spin-off Manyika (which is located in part in present-day Zimbabwe). (B) Coastal states. (C) The "Gaza State," amaGaza.
Karanga
bf.1420 Karanga state founded
1902 remnants of state extinguished by the Portuguese
colonial government
Rulers¹
- Nzou-Samanyanga dynasty -
1803 - 1804 Cangara II
1804 - 1806 Mutiwapangome
1806 Mutiwaora
1806 - 1807 Cipfumba
1807 - 1828? Nyasoro
1828 - 1830 Cimininyambo = Kandeya II
1830 - 1849? Dzeka
1849 - 1868 Kataruza
1868 - 1870 Kandeya III
1870 - 1887 Dzuda
1887 - 1902 Cioko Dambamupute
¹The style of the ruler is Mambo, the usual one in this ethnic group; but he has had from 1420 an epithet, rendered Monomotapa by the Portuguese; there has been controversy concerning the "native" form; it is often read Mwene Mutapa, but the most critical sources give it as Munhu Mutapa.
Manyika
bf.1494 Manyika state established, originally subject to Karanga
1695 conquered by Cangamire; Nguruve lineage replaced by
Tembo-shumba lineage
Rulers (title Mambo)
- Cikanga dynasty, Tembo-shumba lineage -
1796 - 1807 Cikanga Nyarumwe II (1st time)
1807 - 1813 Cikanga Nyangombe
1813 - 1818 Cikanga Nyamandoto II
1818 - 1822 Cikanga Nyarumwe II (2nd time)
1822 Cikanga Juru or Mutasa Juru
1822?- 1845 Mutasa Mutemberwa
1845 - 1865 Mutasa Matidya Dasi
1865 - 1870 Mutasa Mvumbi
1870 - 1902 Mutasa Tendayi Katsatso "Cifambausiku"
1902 - 1911 Mutasa Cakanyuka
1911 - 1943 Mutasa Kadzima
1943 - 1957 Mutasa Cimuriwo
1957 - 1959 Mutasa Mashita Mukukudzi
1959 - 1965 Mutasa Makanda Gomwe
1965 - Mutasa Pafiwa
Coastal states
Angoshe
1485 Angoshe sultanate established
1910 state extinguished by Portuguese colonial government
Sultans
1795 - 1817 `Alawi ibn Muhsini
1817 - 1821 Hasan Camakama
1821 - 18.. `Alawi Mugosirima
18.. - 1849 Ahmadi ibn Sulayman "Bari Bwana Mkuu"
1849 - 1861 Hasani Usufu
1861 - 1877 Musa Muhammad Sahib "Musa Quanto"
1877 - 1884 Sulayman ibn Raja
1884 - 1889 Husayn Ibrahimu
1889 - 1910 Ibrahimu ibn Sulayman
Kitangonya
bf.1750 Kitangonya sheikhdom established
af.1906 state extinguished by Portuguese colonial government
Sheikhs
*1775 - 1804 Twakali Hija
1804 - 1817 Janfar Salim
1817 - 1850 Sulayman Bwana Hajj
1850 - 1873 `Ali Amisi Heri
1873 - 1875 `Abd al-Rahman Sa`id `Ali
1875 - 1878 vacant
1878 - 1884 Ahmadi `Abd Allah
1884 - 1906 Mahmud Bwana Ahmadi
1906 - 19.. Sa`id ibn Amisi
Sankul
1753 Sankul sheikhdom established
1910 state extinguished by Portuguese colonial government
Sheikhs
1797 - 1800 Mukusedi Muhammad Raja
1800 - 1804 Mutirua Muhammad
1804 - 1810 Hasan Raja
1810 - 1822 Molidi `Uthman
1822 - 1832 Mukusedi `Ali Muhammad Raja
1832 - 1841 Burehimu Usufu (regent to 1834)
1842 - 1862 Hasan Musa Mukusedi
1863 - 1874 Camakama Molidi
1875 - 1886 `Abd Allah Usufu ibn Hasan "Umkubu Muntu"
1886 - 1898 Hasan Molidi
1898 - 1910 Suali ibn `Ali Ibrahimu "Marave"
amaGaza
1825 Sotshangane Nxumalo, grandson of Gaza Nxumalo, establishes
a polity and calls it amaGaza
28 Dec 1895 state extinguished by Portuguese colonial government;
rebellion continued to 20 Jul 1897
Rulers (title Nkosi)
- Ndwandwe dynasty, Nxumalo lineage -
1825 - 11 Oct 1858 Manukozi Sotshangane Nxumalo
11 Oct 1858 - 18.. Mawewe Nxumalo (1st time)
18.. - 18.. Mzila Nxumalo (1st time)
18.. - 1862 Mawewe Nxumalo (2nd time)
1862 - Aug 1884 Mzila Nxumalo (2nd time)
Aug 1884 - 28 Dec 1895 Mdungazwe Nggunggunyana Nxumalo (b. c.1850 - d. 1906)
1896 - 20 Jul 1897 Magigane Nxumalo (in rebellion)