Rulers: Somalia

Traditional polities

Note: Place names and clan names are typically in Somali language, and are recorded in the current official alphabet. Personal "given" names are mostly of Arabic origin, and are given in Somali/Arabic.

Muqdisho/Maqdishu

    bf.1331                Muqdisho/Maqdishu sultanate established (in 20th century
                           often referred to by the Italian version Mogadiscio)

Sultans
- Abgaal lineage -
        ... -         ...  Cumar/`Umar
        ... -         ...  Axmed I/Ahmad I
        ... -         ...  Maxamad I/Muhammad I
        ... -         ...  Axmed II/Ahmad II
        ... -         ...  Maxamuud/Mahmud
        ... -         ...  Cali/`Ali
        ... -         ...  Cismaan/`Uthman
        ... -         ...  Maxamad II/Muhammad II
      *1860*               Axmed III/Ahmad III

Majerteen

     c.1600                Majerteen or Harti sultanate founded
       1927                incorporated into Italian colony

Sultans
- Keenadiid clan, Bah Dir lineage -
        ... -        1815  Maxamuud IV/Mahmud IV
       1815 -        1842  Cismaan II/`Uthman II
       1842 -        1844  Yuusuf IV/Yusuf IV
       1844 -        1860  Maxamuud V Yuusuf/Mahmud V ibn Yusuf
       1860 -        1927  Cismaan III Maxamuud/`Uthman III ibn Mahmud

Hobyo

       1878                Hobyo sultanate split off from Majerteen
   Oct 1925                incorporated into Italian colony (known as Obbia)

Sultans
- Keenadiid clan, Bah Dir lineage -
       1878 - 28 Sep 1911  Yuusuf Cali/Yusuf ibn `Ali
       1911 -    Oct 1925  Cali Yuusuf/`Ali ibn Yusuf

Geledi/Jaladi

 3 Sep 1908                incorporated into Italian colony

Sultans
- Gobroon clan -
      *1843 -        1848  Yuusuf Maxamad/Yusuf ibn Muhammad
       1848 -        1878  Axmed Yuusuf/Ahmad ibn Yusuf
       1878 -  3 Sep 1908  Cismaan Axmed/`Uthman ibn Ahmad

Noogal/Nugal

 3 Mar 1905                the "Mad Mullah" declares himself Mahdi
       1911                rule of the Mahdi terminated by Italy

Mahdi
 3 Mar 1905 -        1911  Sayid Maxamad Cabdille Xasan/
                           Sayyid Muhammad `Abd Allah
                           al-Hasan                           (b. 1864 - d. 1920)