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Méthode pour enseigner aux catéchumènes les éléments du Christianisme

CHAPITRE IV.

LA VENUE DE JÉSUS-CHRIST A EU POUR BUT ESSENTIEL D’ÉTABLIR LE RÈGNE DE LA CHARITÉ: C’EST A LA CHARITÉ QUE DOIT TENDRE TOUTE NARRATION EMPRUNTÉE AUX ÉCRITURES SUR JÉSUS-CHRIST.

7. Quelle a été la cause principale de la venue de Jésus-Christ, sinon l’amour que Dieu nous portait et qu’il voulait nous témoigner par une preuve éclatante, la mort de Jésus-Christ, dans le temps même que nous étions encore ses ennemis¹? Il est venu pour nous montrer que le but du précepte et l’accomplissement de la loi sont tout entiers dans la charité². Il a voulu nous apprendre à nous aimer les uns les autres et à donner notre vie pour nos frères, comme il a donné la sienne pour nous³: il a voulu qu’en voyant Dieu nous aimer le premier⁴, et livrer son Fils unique à la mort pour nous tous⁵, sans l’épargner, l’homme, jusqu’alors insensible, eût honte de ne pas rendre amour pour amour. Rien n’éveille l’amour avec autant de force que de faire les premières avances : l’âme la plus rebelle à ce sentiment ne saurait sans cruauté refuser d’y répondre. C’est là une vérité que font éclater les attachements les plus bas et les plus criminels.

Quand un amant veut faire partager sa passion, il songe à tous les moyens en son pouvoir de déclarer son amour et d’en découvrir les transports: il prend les dehors de la justice, afin d’avoir le droit de réclamer comme une dette la sympathie du coeur qu’il veut séduire; sa passion s’avive et s’enflamme, en voyant troublée du même feu la personne dont il convoite la possession; tant il est vrai que la sympathie fait sortir un coeur froid de son indifférence et redouble l’amour en celui qui déjà en éprouvait les ardeurs! Il est donc bien évident que rien ne contribue davantage à faire naître ou à développer l’amour que l’aveu de ce sentiment, l’espoir qu’il sera partagé, les avances de celui qui l’éprouve le premier. Combien ce caractère de l’amour empreint dans les liaisons les plus criminelles est-il plus sensible dans l’amitié! N’évitons-nous pas avant tout de déplaire à un ami, dans la crainte de lui laisser croire que nous ne l’aimons pas ou que notre amitié est moins vive que la sienne? S’il le croyait, en effet, il mettrait plus de réserve et de froideur dans ces rapports intimes que l’amitié crée entre les hommes; et, quand il ne pousserait pas la faiblesse jusqu’à laisser toute sa sympathie se refroidir à cause de cette offense, il se renfermerait dans une amitié où le calcul supprimerait les épanchements du coeur.

Il est surtout à remarquer que, si les grands veulent être aimés des petits et qu’ils s’y attachent en proportion de leur dévouement et de leur affection, les petits répondent à la sympathie des grands par une ardente amitié. L’amitié, en effet, a d’autant plus d’attrait qu’elle est moins un transport inspiré par la nécessité, qu’un épanchement de la générosité; ici, elle vient de la charité, là, du besoin. Or, supposez un inférieur sans espoir d’obtenir jamais l’amitié de son supérieur : n’éprouverait-il pas un bonheur indicible, s’il voyait celui dont il n’aurait jamais osé attendre un bienfait si précieux, prendre les devants et daigner lui déclarer son amour? Mais peut-il y avoir une disproportion plus étonnante qu’entre Dieu et l’homme, le juge et le coupable? Et quel coupable! il s’était livré à la domination des puissances de l’orgueil, incapables de lui donner le bonheur, et cela, avec d’autant plus d’aveuglement qu’il avait moins compté sur la Providence de l’Etre infini, qui ne veut pas signaler son pouvoir par le mal, mais le faire sentir par le bien.

8. Si donc le but essentiel de la venue de Jésus-Christ a été d’apprendre à l’homme la portée de l’amour que Dieu avait pour lui, afin de lui montrer à rendre amour pour amour et à chérir son prochain, en suivant tout ensemble les préceptes et l’exemple de Celui qui s’est rapproché le plus étroitement de notre coeur quand il a embrassé dans son amour non-seulement le prochain, mais les hommes les plus éloignés; si les saints livres écrits avant son avènement n’ont eu d’autre objet que de le prédire, et que tout ce qui a été écrit depuis sous le sceau de l’autorité divine a raconté Jésus-Christ et fait une loi de l’amour; il faut évidemment rattacher à la charité, non-seulement la loi et les prophètes contenus dans le double commandement [64] d’aimer Dieu et le prochain, où se résumait toute l’Ecriture au moment où parlait Notre-Seigneur, et l’ensemble des Ecritures postérieurement composées sous l’inspiration divine et confiées au souvenir des âges.

L’Ancien Testament est le symbole mystérieux du Nouveau; le Nouveau, la révélation éclatante de l’Ancien. Les âmes charnelles qui comprennent matériellement ces symboles, sont aujourd’hui, comme autrefois, esclaves d’une crainte coupable. Dociles à la révélation, les âmes pures qui autrefois ont vu s’ouvrir devant leurs pieuses investigations le sens caché des Ecritures ou qui aujourd’hui le cherchent sans orgueil, de peur que le côté lumineux ne se change pour elles en ténèbres, ont compris selon l’esprit et ont été affranchies parle don de la charité. Or, l’envie est l’ennemie mortelle de la charité, l’orgueil, le principe de l’envie. Notre-Seigneur Jésus-Christ, l’Homme-Dieu, est donc tout ensemble et la révélation de l’amour de Dieu pour les hommes et le modèle de l’humilité ici-bas, afin de guérir notre orgueil démesuré par un remède plus puissant encore. Quelle misère profonde que l’homme orgueilleux! mais quelle miséricorde plus profonde encore qu’un Dieu humble ! Que la charité soit donc le principe auquel se rattachent tous tes discours; dans toutes tes instructions, fais en sorte que l’auditeur croie ce qu’il écoute, espère ce qu’il croit, et aime ce qu’il espère.

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On the Catechising of the Uninstructed

Chapter 4.--That the Great Reason for the Advent of Christ Was the Commendation of Love.

7. Moreover, what greater reason is apparent for the advent of the Lord than that God might show His love in us, commending it powerfully, inasmuch as "while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us"? ¹ And furthermore, this is with the intent that, inasmuch as charity is "the end of the commandment," ² and "the fulfilling of the law," ³ we also may love one another and lay down our life for the brethren, even as He laid down His life for us. ⁴ And with regard to God Himself, its object is that, even if it were an irksome task to love Him, it may now at least cease to be irksome for us to return His love, seeing that "He first loved us," ⁵ and "spared not His own only Son, but delivered Him up for us all." ⁶ For there is no mightier invitation to love than to anticipate in loving; and that soul is over hard which, supposing it unwilling indeed to give love, is unwilling also to give the return of love. But if, even in the case of criminal and sordid loves, we see how those who desire to be loved in return make it their special and absorbing business, by such proofs as are within their power, to render the strength of the love which they themselves bear plain and patent; if we also perceive how they affect to put forward an appearance of justice in what they thus offer, such as may qualify them in some sort to demand that a response be made in all fairness to them on the part of those souls which they are laboring to beguile; if, further, their own passion burns more vehemently when they observe that the minds which they are eager to possess are also moved now by the same fire: if thus, I say, it happens at once that the soul which before was torpid is excited so soon as it feels itself to be loved, and that the soul which was enkindled already becomes the more inflamed so soon as it is made cognizant of the return of its own love, it is evident that no greater reason is to be found why love should be either originated or enlarged, than what appears in the occasion when one who as yet loves not at all comes to know himself to be the object of love, or when one who is already a lover either hopes that he may yet be loved in turn, or has by this time the evidence of a response to his affection. And if this holds good even in the case of base loves, how much more ⁷ in (true) friendship? For what else have we carefully to attend to in this question touching the injuring of friendship than to this, namely, not to give our friend cause to suppose either that we do not love him at all, or that we love him less than he loves us? If, indeed, he is led to entertain this belief, he will be cooler in that love in which men enjoy the interchange of intimacies one with another; and if he is not of that weak type of character to which such an offense to affection will serve as a cause of freezing off from love altogether, he yet confines himself to that kind of affection in which he loves, not with the view of enjoyment to himself, but with the idea of studying the good of others. But again it is worth our while to notice how,--although superiors also have the wish to be loved by their inferiors, and are gratified with the zealous attention ⁸ paid to them by such, and themselves cherish greater affection towards these inferiors the more they become cognizant of that,--with what might of love, nevertheless, the inferior kindles so soon as he learns that he is beloved by his superior. For there have we love in its more grateful aspect, where it does not consume itself ⁹ in the drought of want, but flows forth in the plenteousness of beneficence. For the former type of love is of misery, the latter of mercy. ¹⁰ And furthermore, if the inferior was despairing even of the possibility of his being loved by his superior, he will now be inexpressibly moved to love if the superior has of his own will condescended to show how much he loves this person who could by no means be bold enough to promise himself so great a good. But what is there superior to God in the character of Judge? and what more desperate than man in the character of sinner?--than man, I ask, who had given himself all the more unreservedly up to the wardship and domination of proud powers which are unable to make him blessed, as he had come more absolutely to despair of the possibility of his being an object of interest to that power which wills not to be exalted in wickedness, but is exalted in goodness.

8. If, therefore, it was mainly for this purpose that Christ came, to wit, that man might learn how much God loves him; and that he might learn this, to the intent that he might be kindled to the love of Him by whom he was first loved, and might also love his neighbor at the command and showing of Him who became our neighbor, in that He loved man when, instead of being a neighbor to Him, he was sojourning far apart: if, again, all divine Scripture, which was written aforetime, was written with the view of presignifying the Lord's advent; and if whatever has been committed to writing in times subsequent to these, and established by divine authority, is a record of Christ, and admonishes us of love, it is manifest that on those two commandments of love to God and love to our neighbor ¹¹ hang not only all the law and the prophets, which at the time when the Lord spoke to that effect were as yet the only Holy Scripture, but also all those books of the divine literature which have been written ¹² at a later period for our health, and consigned to remembrance. Wherefore, in the Old Testament there is a veiling of the New, and in the New Testament there is a revealing of the Old. According to that veiling, carnal men, understanding things in a carnal fashion, have been under the dominion, both then and now, of a penal fear. According to this revealing, on the other hand, spiritual men,--among whom we reckon at once those then who knocked in piety and found even hidden things opened to them, and others now who seek in no spirit of pride, lest even things uncovered should be closed to them,--understanding in a spiritual fashion, have been made free through the love wherewith they have been gifted. Consequently, inasmuch as there is nothing more adverse to love than envy, and as pride is the mother of envy, the same Lord Jesus Christ, God-man, is both a manifestation of divine love towards us, and an example of human humility with us, to the end that our great swelling might be cured by a greater counteracting remedy. For here is great misery, proud man! But there is greater mercy, a humble God! Take this love, therefore, as the end that is set before you, to which you are to refer all that you say, and, whatever you narrate, narrate it in such a manner that he to whom you are discoursing on hearing may believe, on believing may hope, on hoping may love.