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The Second Apology of Justin for the Christians Addressed to the Roman Senate

Chapter II.--Urbicus condemns the Christians to death.

A certain woman lived with an intemperate ¹ husband; she herself, too, having formerly been intemperate. But when she came to the knowledge of the teachings of Christ she became sober-minded, and endeavoured to persuade her husband likewise to be temperate, citing the teaching of Christ, and assuring him that there shall be punishment in eternal fire inflicted upon those who do not live temperately and conformably to right reason. But he, continuing in the same excesses, alienated his wife from him by his actions. For she, considering it wicked to live any longer as a wife with a husband who sought in every way means of indulging in pleasure contrary to the law of nature, and in violation of what is right, wished to be divorced from him. And when she was overpersuaded by her friends, who advised her still to continue with him, in the idea that some time or other her husband might give hope of amendment, she did violence to her own feeling and remained with him. But when her husband had gone into Alexandria, and was reported to be conducting himself worse than ever, she--that she might not, by continuing in matrimonial connection with him, and by sharing his table and his bed, become a partaker also in his wickednesses and impieties--gave him what you call a bill of divorce, ² and was separated from him. But this noble husband of hers,--while he ought to have been rejoicing that those actions which formerly she unhesitatingly committed with the servants and hirelings, when she delighted in drunkenness and every vice, she had now given up, and desired that he too should give up the same,--when she had gone from him without his desire, brought an accusation against her, affirming that she was a Christian. And she presented a paper to thee, the Emperor, ³ requesting that first she be permitted to arrange her affairs, and afterwards to make her defence against the accusation, when her affairs were set in order. And this you granted. And her quondam husband, since he was now no longer able to prosecute her, directed his assaults against a man, Ptolemaeus, whom Urbicus punished, and who had been her teacher in the Christian doctrines. And this he did in the following way. He persuaded a centurion --who had cast Ptolemaeus into prison, and who was friendly to himself--to take Ptolemaeus and interrogate him on this sole point: whether he were a Christian? And Ptolemaeus, being a lover of truth, and not of a deceitful or false disposition, when he confessed himself to be a Christian, was bound by the centurion, and for a long time punished in the prison. And, at last, when the man ⁴ came to Urbicus, he was asked this one question only: whether he was a Christian? And again, being conscious of his duty, and the nobility of it through the teaching of Christ, he confessed his discipleship in the divine virtue. For he who denies anything either denies it because he condemns the thing itself, or he shrinks from confession because he is conscious of his own unworthiness or alienation from it, neither of which cases is that of the true Christian. And when Urbicus ordered him to be led away to punishment, one Lucius, who was also himself a Christian, seeing the unreasonable judgment that had thus been given, said to Urbicus: "What is the ground of this judgment? Why have you punished this man, not as an adulterer, nor fornicator, nor murderer, nor thief, nor robber, nor convicted of any crime at all, but who has only confessed that he is called by the name of Christian? This judgment of yours, O Urbicus, does not become the Emperor Pius, nor the philosopher, the son of Caesar, nor the sacred senate." ⁵ And he said nothing else in answer to Lucius than this: "You also seem to me to be such an one."

And when Lucius answered, "Most certainly I am," he again ordered him also to be led away. And he professed his thanks, knowing that he was delivered from such wicked rulers, and was going to the Father and King of the heavens. And still a third having come forward, was condemned to be punished.

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Deuxième Apologie

II.

Une femme avait un mari qui vivait dans le vice, comme elle-même y avait vécu auparavant. [2] Elle avait été instruite des enseignements du Christ et s'était corrigée. Elle cherchait à ramener aussi son mari à des sentiments meilleurs, lui exposait la doctrine et le menaçait du feu éternel réservé à ceux qui vivent dans le mal et contrairement à la saine raison. [3] Le mari persévéra dans la débauche et, par sa conduite, s'aliéna l'esprit de sa femme. [4] Elle crut que c'était désormais une impiété que de partager la couche d'un homme qui cherchait par tous les moyens des plaisirs contraires à la loi naturelle et à la justice, et elle résolut de se séparer de lui. [5] Sur les conseils et les instances de ses parents, qui lui faisaient espérer que son mari viendrait enfin à résipiscence, elle se fit violence et resta. [6] Celui-ci partit pour Alexandrie. Elle apprit que, là, il se conduisait encore plus mal. Craignant d'avoir part à ses crimes et à ses impiétés, si elle restait avec lui, partageant son toit et sa couche, elle lui signifia le repudium, comme vous dites, et se sépara de lui. [7] Cet honnête mari aurait dû être heureux de voir sa femme, qui autrefois vivait sans retenue avec des serviteurs et des mercenaires, adonnée au vin et à toutes les iniquités, mettre fin à une telle conduite et chercher à le convertir comme elle ; mais, à la suite de ce divorce opéré sans son consentement, il l'accusa d'être chrétienne. [8] Elle vous présenta une requête à vous, empereur, demandant qu'on lui permît de régler d'abord ses affaires ; après quoi, elle répondrait à l'accusation portée contre elle. Vous avez acquiescé à sa demande. [9] Son mari, ne pouvant rien contre elle pour le moment, tourna sa fureur contre un certain Ptolémée qui lui avait enseigné la doctrine du Christ et qu'il fit condamner par Urbicus de la manière suivante. [10] Il gagna un centurion de ses amis, qui fit jeter en prison Ptolémée; il lui persuada de se saisir de Ptolémée et de lui demander seulement s'il était chrétien. [11] Ptolémée, toujours sincère, ennemi de la ruse et du mensonge, avoua qu'il était chrétien : le centurion le fit mettre dans les fers et le tint longtemps en prison. [12] Conduit enfin devant Urbicus, on lui demanda seulement, comme la première fois, s'il était chrétien. [13] De nouveau, ayant conscience des biens qu'il devait à l'enseignement du Christ, il confessa l'école de la morale divine. [14] Nier quoi que ce soit, c'est nier pour condamner, ou dans la conscience de sa propre indignité se proclamer étranger et refuser son témoignage. On ne trouvera ni l'un ni l'autre chez un vrai chrétien. [15] Urbicus le fit emmener. Un certain Lucius, lui aussi chrétien, témoin de ce jugement injuste, dite Urbicus : [16] « Eh quoi ! Voilà un homme qui n'est ni adultère, ni débauché, ni homicide, ni voleur, ni ravisseur, qu'on ne peut en un mot convaincre d'aucun crime ; il avoue seulement s'appeler chrétien, et vous le condamnez ? Ce jugement, Urbicus, n'est pas conforme aux intentions du pieux empereur, ni du philosophe, fils de César, ni du sacré Sénat. » [17] Sans autre réponse, Urbicus dit à Lucius : « Tu me parais, toi aussi, être chrétien. —- [18] Certainement, » répondit Lucius, et il le fit également emmener. [19] Le condamné lui rendit grâce : mourir, c'était pour lui être délivré de ces maîtres injustes pour aller auprès du père et du roi des cieux. [20] Un troisième se présenta, qui fut également condamné au supplice.