Vice presidents 21 Apr 1789 - 4 Mar 1797 John Adams Fed (b. 1735 - d. 1826) 4 Mar 1797 - 4 Mar 1801 Thomas Jefferson D-R (b. 1743 - d. 1826) 4 Mar 1801 - 4 Mar 1805 Aaron Burr D-R (b. 1756 - d. 1836) 4 Mar 1805 - 20 Apr 1812 George Clinton D-R (b. 1739 - d. 1812) 20 Apr 1812 - 4 Mar 1813 vacant 4 Mar 1813 - 23 Nov 1814 Elbridge Gerry D-R (b. 1744 - d. 1814) 23 Nov 1814 - 4 Mar 1817 vacant 4 Mar 1817 - 4 Mar 1825 Daniel D. Tompkins D-R (b. 1774 - d. 1825) 4 Mar 1825 - 28 Dec 1832 John C. Calhoun Dem (b. 1782 - d. 1850) 28 Dec 1832 - 4 Mar 1833 vacant 4 Mar 1833 - 4 Mar 1837 Martin Van Buren Dem (b. 1782 - d. 1862) 4 Mar 1837 - 4 Mar 1841 Richard M. Johnson Dem (b. 1780 - d. 1850) 4 Mar 1841 - 4 Apr 1841 John Tyler Whg (b. 1790 - d. 1862) 4 Apr 1841 - 4 Mar 1845 vacant 4 Mar 1845 - 4 Mar 1849 George M. Dallas Dem (b. 1792 - d. 1864) 4 Mar 1849 - 9 Jul 1850 Millard Fillmore Whg (b. 1800 - d. 1874) 9 Jul 1850 - 4 Mar 1853 vacant 4 Mar 1853 - 18 Apr 1853 William Rufus de Vane King Dem (b. 1786 - d. 1853) 18 Apr 1853 - 4 Mar 1857 vacant 4 Mar 1857 - 4 Mar 1861 John C. Breckinridge Dem (b. 1821 - d. 1875) 4 Mar 1861 - 4 Mar 1865 Hannibal Hamlin Rep (b. 1809 - d. 1891) 4 Mar 1865 - 15 Apr 1865 Andrew Johnson Dem (b. 1808 - d. 1875) 15 Apr 1865 - 4 Mar 1869 vacant 4 Mar 1869 - 4 Mar 1873 Schuyler Colfax Rep (b. 1823 - d. 1885) 4 Mar 1873 - 22 Nov 1875 Henry Wilson Rep (b. 1812 - d. 1875) 22 Nov 1875 - 4 Mar 1877 vacant 4 Mar 1877 - 4 Mar 1881 William A. Wheeler Rep (b. 1819 - d. 1887) 4 Mar 1881 - 19 Sep 1881 Chester A. Arthur Rep (b. 1829 - d. 1886) 19 Sep 1881 - 4 Mar 1885 vacant 4 Mar 1885 - 25 Nov 1885 Thomas A. Hendricks Dem (b. 1819 - d. 1885) 25 Nov 1885 - 4 Mar 1889 vacant 4 Mar 1889 - 4 Mar 1893 Levi P. Morton Rep (b. 1824 - d. 1920) 4 Mar 1893 - 4 Mar 1897 Adlai E. Stevenson Dem (b. 1835 - d. 1914) 4 Mar 1897 - 21 Nov 1899 Garret A. Hobart Rep (b. 1844 - d. 1899) 21 Nov 1899 - 4 Mar 1901 vacant 4 Mar 1901 - 14 Sep 1901 Theodore Roosevelt Rep (b. 1858 - d. 1919) 14 Sep 1901 - 4 Mar 1905 vacant 4 Mar 1905 - 4 Mar 1909 Charles W. Fairbanks Rep (b. 1852 - d. 1918) 4 Mar 1909 - 30 Oct 1912 James S. Sherman Rep (b. 1855 - d. 1912) 30 Oct 1912 - 4 Mar 1913 vacant 4 Mar 1913 - 4 Mar 1921 Thomas R. Marshall Dem (b. 1854 - d. 1925) 4 Mar 1921 - 2 Aug 1923 Calvin Coolidge Rep (b. 1872 - d. 1933) 2 Aug 1923 - 4 Mar 1925 vacant 4 Mar 1925 - 4 Mar 1929 Charles G. Dawes Rep (b. 1865 - d. 1951) 4 Mar 1929 - 4 Mar 1933 Charles Curtis Rep (b. 1860 - d. 1936) 4 Mar 1933 - 20 Jan 1941 John N. Garner Dem (b. 1868 - d. 1967) 20 Jan 1941 - 20 Jan 1945 Henry A. Wallace Dem (b. 1888 - d. 1965) 20 Jan 1945 - 12 Apr 1945 Harry S. Truman Dem (b. 1884 - d. 1972) 12 Apr 1945 - 20 Jan 1949 vacant 20 Jan 1949 - 20 Jan 1953 Alben W. Barkley Dem (b. 1877 - d. 1956) 21 Jan 1953 - 20 Jan 1961 Richard M. Nixon Rep (b. 1913 - d. 1994) 20 Jan 1961 - 22 Nov 1963 Lyndon B. Johnson Dem (b. 1908 - d. 1973) 22 Nov 1963 - 20 Jan 1965 vacant 20 Jan 1965 - 20 Jan 1969 Hubert H. Humphrey Dem (b. 1911 - d. 1978) 20 Jan 1969 - 10 Oct 1973 Spiro T. Agnew Rep (b. 1918 - d. 1996) 10 Oct 1973 - 6 Dec 1973 vacant 6 Dec 1973 - 9 Aug 1974 Gerald R. Ford Rep (b. 1913 - d. 2006) 9 Aug 1974 - 19 Dec 1974 vacant 19 Dec 1974 - 20 Jan 1977 Nelson A. Rockefeller Rep (b. 1908 - d. 1979) 20 Jan 1977 - 20 Jan 1981 Walter F. Mondale Dem (b. 1928 - d. 2021) 20 Jan 1981 - 20 Jan 1989 George Bush Rep (b. 1924 - d. 2018) 20 Jan 1989 - 20 Jan 1993 Dan Quayle Rep (b. 1947) 20 Jan 1993 - 20 Jan 2001 Al Gore Dem (b. 1948) 20 Jan 2001 - 20 Jan 2009 Richard Cheney Rep (b. 1941) 20 Jan 2009 - 20 Jan 2017 Joe Biden Dem (b. 1942) 20 Jan 2017 - 20 Jan 2021 Mike Pence Rep (b. 1959) 20 Jan 2021 - Kamala Harris (f) Dem (b. 1964)Party abbreviations: Dem=Democratic, D-R=Democratic-Republican, Fed=Federalist, Rep=Republican, Whg=Whig
10 Jul 1781 Department of Foreign Affairs
15 Sep 1789 Department of State
Secretaries
20 Oct 1781 - Jun 1783 Robert R. Livingston (b. 1746 - d. 1813)
7 May 1784 - 22 Mar 1790 John Jay (b. 1745 - d. 1829)
(acting from 4 Mar 1789)
22 Mar 1790 - 31 Dec 1793 Thomas Jefferson (b. 1743 - d. 1826)
2 Jan 1794 - 20 Aug 1795 Edmund Randolph (b. 1753 - d. 1813)
20 Aug 1795 - 12 May 1800 Timothy Pickering (b. 1745 - d. 1829)
(acting to 9 Dec 1795)
13 May 1800 - 5 Jun 1800 Charles Lee (acting) (b. 1758 - d. 1815)
6 Jun 1800 - 4 Mar 1801 John Marshall (b. 1755 - d. 1835)
(acting from 4 Feb 1801)
5 Mar 1801 - 1 May 1801 Levi Lincoln (acting) (b. 1749 - d. 1820)
2 May 1801 - 3 Mar 1809 James Madison (b. 1751 - d. 1836)
6 Mar 1809 - 1 Apr 1811 Robert Smith (b. 1757 - d. 1842)
6 Apr 1811 - 3 Mar 1817 James Monroe (b. 1758 - d. 1831)
(acting 1 Oct 1814 - 28 Feb 1815)
4 Mar 1817 - 9 Mar 1817 John Graham (acting) (b. 1774 - d. 1820)
10 Mar 1817 - 22 Sep 1817 Richard Rush (acting) (b. 1780 - d. 1859)
22 Sep 1817 - 3 Mar 1825 John Quincy Adams (b. 1767 - d. 1848)
4 Mar 1825 - 7 Mar 1825 Daniel Brent (acting) (b. 1770 - d. 1841)
7 Mar 1825 - 3 Mar 1829 Henry Clay (b. 1777 - d. 1852)
4 Mar 1829 - 27 Mar 1829 James A. Hamilton (acting) (b. 1788 - d. 1878)
28 Mar 1829 - 23 May 1831 Martin Van Buren (b. 1782 - d. 1862)
24 May 1831 - 29 May 1833 Edward Livingston (b. 1764 - d. 1836)
29 May 1833 - 30 Jun 1834 Louis McLane (b. 1786 - d. 1857)
1 Jul 1834 - 3 Mar 1841 John Forsyth (b. 1780 - d. 1841)
4 Mar 1841 - 5 Mar 1841 Jacob L. Martin (acting) (b. ... - d. 1848)
6 Mar 1841 - 8 May 1843 Daniel Webster (1st time) (b. 1782 - d. 1852)
9 May 1843 - 20 Jun 1843 Hugh S. Legaré (acting) (b. 1797 - d. 1843)
21 Jun 1843 - 23 Jun 1843 William S. Derrick (acting) (b. 1802 - d. 1852)
24 Jun 1843 - 28 Feb 1844 Abel P. Upshur (b. 1790 - d. 1844)
(acting to 23 Jul 1843)
29 Feb 1844 - 31 Mar 1844 John Nelson (acting) (b. 1794 - d. 1860)
1 Apr 1844 - 10 Mar 1845 John C. Calhoun (b. 1782 - d. 1850)
10 Mar 1845 - 7 Mar 1849 James Buchanan (b. 1791 - d. 1868)
8 Mar 1849 - 22 Jul 1850 John M. Clayton (b. 1796 - d. 1856)
23 Jul 1850 - 24 Oct 1852 Daniel Webster (2nd time) (s.a.)
25 Oct 1852 - 5 Nov 1852 Charles M. Conrad (acting) (b. 1804 - d. 1878)
6 Nov 1852 - 3 Mar 1853 Edward Everett (b. 1794 - d. 1865)
4 Mar 1853 - 7 Mar 1853 William Hunter (1st time) (acting) (b. 1805 - d. 1886)
8 Mar 1853 - 6 Mar 1857 William L. Marcy (b. 1786 - d. 1857)
6 Mar 1857 - 14 Dec 1860 Lewis Cass (b. 1782 - d. 1866)
15 Dec 1860 - 16 Dec 1860 William Hunter (2nd time) (acting) (s.a.)
17 Dec 1860 - 5 Mar 1861 Jeremiah S. Black (b. 1810 - d. 1883)
6 Mar 1861 - 4 Mar 1869 William H. Seward (b. 1801 - d. 1872)
5 Mar 1869 - 16 Mar 1869 Elihu B. Washburne (b. 1816 - d. 1887)
17 Mar 1869 - 12 Mar 1877 Hamilton Fish (b. 1808 - d. 1893)
12 Mar 1877 - 7 Mar 1881 William M. Evarts (b. 1818 - d. 1901)
7 Mar 1881 - 19 Dec 1881 James G. Blaine (1st time) (b. 1830 - d. 1893)
19 Dec 1881 - 6 Mar 1885 Frederick T. Frelinghuysen (b. 1817 - d. 1885)
7 Mar 1885 - 6 Mar 1889 Thomas F. Bayard (b. 1828 - d. 1898)
7 Mar 1889 - 4 Jun 1892 James G. Blaine (2nd time) (s.a.)
4 Jun 1892 - 29 Jun 1892 William F. Wharton (1st time) (b. 1847 - d. 1919)
(acting)
29 Jun 1892 - 23 Feb 1893 John W. Foster (b. 1836 - d. 1917)
24 Feb 1893 - 6 Mar 1893 William F. Wharton (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
7 Mar 1893 - 28 May 1895 Walter Q. Gresham (b. 1832 - d. 1895)
28 May 1895 - 9 Jun 1895 Edwin F. Uhl (acting) (b. 1841 - d. 1901)
10 Jun 1895 - 5 Mar 1897 Richard Olney (b. 1835 - d. 1917)
6 Mar 1897 - 27 Apr 1898 John Sherman (b. 1823 - d. 1900)
28 Apr 1898 - 16 Sep 1898 William R. Day (b. 1849 - d. 1923)
17 Sep 1898 - 29 Sep 1898 Alvey A. Adee (acting) (b. 1842 - d. 1924)
30 Sep 1898 - 1 Jul 1905 John M. Hay (b. 1838 - d. 1905)
1 Jul 1905 - 18 Jul 1905 Francis B. Loomis (acting) (b. 1861 - d. 1948)
19 Jul 1905 - 27 Jan 1909 Elihu Root (b. 1845 - d. 1937)
27 Jan 1909 - 5 Mar 1909 Robert Bacon (b. 1860 - d. 1919)
6 Mar 1909 - 5 Mar 1913 Philander Chase Knox (b. 1853 - d. 1921)
5 Mar 1913 - 9 Jun 1915 William Jennings Bryan (b. 1860 - d. 1925)
9 Jun 1915 - 13 Feb 1920 Robert Lansing (b. 1864 - d. 1928)
(acting to 23 Jun 1915)
14 Feb 1920 - 14 Mar 1920 Frank Lyon Polk (acting) (b. 1871 - d. 1943)
23 Mar 1920 - 4 Mar 1921 Bainbridge Colby (b. 1869 - d. 1950)
5 Mar 1921 - 4 Jan 1925 Charles Evans Hughes (b. 1862 - d. 1948)
5 Mar 1925 - 28 Mar 1929 Frank B. Kellogg (b. 1856 - d. 1937)
28 Mar 1929 - 4 Mar 1933 Henry L. Stimson (b. 1867 - d. 1950)
4 Mar 1933 - 30 Nov 1944 Cordell Hull (b. 1871 - d. 1955)
1 Dec 1944 - 27 Jun 1945 Edward Stettinius (b. 1900 - d. 1949)
28 Jun 1945 - 3 Jul 1945 Joseph C. Grew (acting) (b. 1880 - d. 1965)
3 Jul 1945 - 21 Jan 1947 James F. Byrnes (b. 1879 - d. 1972)
21 Jan 1947 - 20 Jan 1949 George C. Marshall (b. 1880 - d. 1959)
20 Jan 1949 - 21 Jan 1949 Robert Lovett (acting) (b. 1895 - d. 1986)
21 Jan 1949 - 20 Jan 1953 Dean Acheson (b. 1893 - d. 1971)
20 Jan 1953 - 21 Jan 1953 H. Freeman Matthews (acting) (b. 1899 - d. 1986)
21 Jan 1953 - 22 Apr 1959 John Foster Dulles (b. 1888 - d. 1959)
22 Apr 1959 - 20 Jan 1961 Christian A. Herter (b. 1895 - d. 1966)
20 Jan 1961 - 21 Jan 1961 Livingston T. Merchant (acting) (b. 1903 - d. 1976)
21 Jan 1961 - 20 Jan 1969 Dean Rusk (b. 1909 - d. 1994)
20 Jan 1969 - 22 Jan 1969 Charles E. Bohlen (acting) (b. 1904 - d. 1974)
22 Jan 1969 - 3 Sep 1973 William Rogers (b. 1913 - d. 2001)
3 Sep 1973 - 22 Sep 1973 Kenneth Rush (acting) (b. 1910 - d. 1994)
22 Sep 1973 - 20 Jan 1977 Henry Kissinger (b. 1923)
20 Jan 1977 - 23 Jan 1977 Philip C. Habib (acting) (b. 1920 - d. 1992)
23 Jan 1977 - 28 Apr 1980 Cyrus Vance (b. 1917 - d. 2002)
28 Apr 1980 - 2 May 1980 Warren Christopher (1st time) (b. 1925 - d. 2011)
(acting)
2 May 1980 - 3 May 1980 David Newsom (1st time) (acting) (b. 1918 - d. 2008)
3 May 1980 Richard N. Cooper (acting) (b. 1934)
3 May 1980 - 4 May 1980 David Newsom (2nd time) (acting) (s.a.)
4 May 1980 - 8 May 1980 Warren Christopher (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
8 May 1980 - 18 Jan 1981 Edmund S. Muskie (b. 1914 - d. 1996)
18 Jan 1981 - 22 Jan 1981 David Newsom (3rd time) (acting) (s.a.)
22 Jan 1981 - 5 Jul 1982 Alexander Haig (b. 1924 - d. 2010)
5 Jul 1982 - 16 Jul 1982 Walter J. Stoessel, Jr. (acting) (b. 1920 - d. 1986)
16 Jul 1982 - 20 Jan 1989 George Shultz (b. 1920 - d. 2021)
20 Jan 1989 - 25 Jan 1989 Michael H. Armacost (acting) (b. 1937)
25 Jan 1989 - 23 Aug 1992 James Baker (b. 1930)
23 Aug 1992 - 19 Jan 1993 Lawrence Eagleburger (b. 1930 - d. 2011)
(acting to 8 Dec 1992)
20 Jan 1993 Arnold Lee Kanter (acting) (b. 1945 - d. 2010)
20 Jan 1993 Frank G. Wisner (acting) (b. 1938)
20 Jan 1993 - 7 Jan 1997 Warren Christopher (3rd time) (s.a.)
7 Jan 1997 - 23 Jan 1997 Strobe Talbott (acting) (b. 1946)
23 Jan 1997 - 20 Jan 2001 Madeleine Albright (f) (b. 1937 - d. 2022)
20 Jan 2001 - 26 Jan 2005 Colin Powell (b. 1937 - d. 2021)
26 Jan 2005 - 20 Jan 2009 Condoleezza Rice (f) (b. 1954)
20 Jan 2009 - 21 Jan 2009 William Burns (acting) (b. 1956)
21 Jan 2009 - 1 Feb 2013 Hillary Clinton (f) (b. 1947)
1 Feb 2013 - 20 Jan 2017 John Kerry (b. 1943)
20 Jan 2017 - 1 Feb 2017 Tom Shannon (acting) (b. 1958)
1 Feb 2017 - 31 Mar 2018 Rex Tillerson (b. 1952)
1 Apr 2018 - 26 Apr 2018 John Sullivan (acting) (b. 1959)
26 Apr 2018 - 20 Jan 2021 Mike Pompeo (b. 1963)
20 Jan 2021 - 26 Jan 2021 Daniel Smith (acting) (b. 1956)
26 Jan 2021 - Antony Blinken (b. 1962)
18 Sep 1947 Department of Defense, including the departments of the
Army, Navy, and Air Force
Secretaries
18 Sep 1947 - 28 Mar 1949 James V. Forrestal (b. 1892 - d. 1949)
28 Mar 1949 - 19 Sep 1950 Louis A. Johnson (b. 1891 - d. 1966)
21 Sep 1950 - 12 Sep 1951 George C. Marshall (b. 1880 - d. 1959)
17 Sep 1951 - 19 Jan 1953 Robert Lovett (b. 1895 - d. 1986)
19 Jan 1953 - 26 Jan 1953 Wilfred J. McNeil (acting) (b. 1901 - d. 1979)
26 Jan 1953 - 8 Oct 1957 Charles Wilson (b. 1890 - d. 1961)
9 Oct 1957 - 1 Dec 1959 Neil McElroy (b. 1904 - d. 1972)
2 Dec 1959 - 20 Jan 1961 Thomas Gates (b. 1906 - d. 1983)
21 Jan 1961 - 29 Feb 1968 Robert S. McNamara (b. 1916 - d. 2009)
1 Mar 1968 - 20 Jan 1969 Clark M. Clifford (b. 1906 - d. 1998)
22 Jan 1969 - 29 Jan 1973 Melvin Laird (b. 1922 - d. 2016)
30 Jan 1973 - 24 May 1973 Elliot Richardson (b. 1920 - d. 1999)
2 Jul 1973 - 19 Nov 1975 James R. Schlesinger (b. 1929 - d. 2014)
20 Nov 1975 - 20 Jan 1977 Donald Rumsfeld (1st time) (b. 1932 - d. 2021)
23 Jan 1977 - 20 Jan 1981 Harold Brown (b. 1927 - d. 2019)
21 Jan 1981 - 23 Nov 1987 Caspar Weinberger (b. 1917 - d. 2006)
23 Nov 1987 - 20 Jan 1989 Frank Carlucci (b. 1930 - d. 2018)
20 Jan 1989 - 21 Mar 1989 William Howard Taft IV (acting) (b. 1945)
21 Mar 1989 - 20 Jan 1993 Richard Cheney (b. 1941)
21 Jan 1993 - 3 Feb 1994 Les Aspin (b. 1938 - d. 1995)
3 Feb 1994 - 23 Jan 1997 William Perry (b. 1927)
24 Jan 1997 - 20 Jan 2001 William Cohen (b. 1940)
20 Jan 2001 - 18 Dec 2006 Donald Rumsfeld (2nd time) (s.a.)
18 Dec 2006 - 1 Jul 2011 Robert M. Gates (b. 1943)
1 Jul 2011 - 27 Feb 2013 Leon Panetta (b. 1938)
27 Feb 2013 - 17 Feb 2015 Chuck Hagel (b. 1946)
17 Feb 2015 - 20 Jan 2017 Ashton Carter (b. 1954 - d. 2022)
20 Jan 2017 - 31 Dec 2018 James Mattis (b. 1950)
1 Jan 2019 - 24 Jun 2019 Patrick Shanahan (acting) (b. 1962)
24 Jun 2019 - 15 Jul 2019 Mark T. Esper (1st time) (acting) (b. 1964)
15 Jul 2019 - 23 Jul 2019 Richard V. Spencer (acting) (b. 1954)
23 Jul 2019 - 9 Nov 2020 Mark T. Esper (2nd time) (s.a.)
9 Nov 2020 - 20 Jan 2021 Christopher C. Miller (acting) (b. 1965)
20 Jan 2021 - 22 Jan 2021 David Norquist (acting) (b. 1966)
22 Jan 2021 - Lloyd Austin (b. 1953)
Jun 1776 Board of War and Ordnance
Nov 1777 Board of War
Oct 1781 War Office
7 Aug 1789 War Department
18 Sep 1947 War Department becomes the Department of the Army, a
branch of the new Department of Defense
Presidents
Jun 1776 - Nov 1777 John Adams (b. 1735 - d. 1826)
Nov 1777 - 30 Oct 1781 Horatio Gates (b. 1727 - d. 1806)
Secretaries at War
30 Oct 1781 - 29 Oct 1783 Benjamin Lincoln (b. 1733 - d. 1810)
4 Nov 1783 - Mar 1785 Joseph Carleton (acting) (b. 1754 - d. 1812)
Mar 1785 - 12 Sep 1789 Henry Knox (b. 1750 - d. 1806)
Secretaries of War
12 Sep 1789 - 31 Dec 1794 Henry Knox (s.a.)
2 Jan 1795 - 10 Dec 1795 Timothy Pickering (b. 1745 - d. 1829)
27 Jan 1796 - 13 May 1800 James McHenry (b. 1753 - d. 1816)
13 May 1800 - 31 Jan 1801 Samuel Dexter (b. 1761 - d. 1816)
3 Feb 1801 - 4 Mar 1801 Roger Griswold (acting) (b. 1762 - d. 1812)
5 Mar 1801 - 4 Mar 1809 Henry Dearborn (b. 1751 - d. 1829)
7 Mar 1809 - 13 Jan 1813 William Eustis (b. 1753 - d. 1825)
13 Jan 1813 - 27 Sep 1814 John Armstrong, Jr. (b. 1758 - d. 1843)
27 Sep 1814 - 2 Mar 1815 James Monroe (b. 1758 - d. 1831)
1 Aug 1815 - 22 Oct 1816 William H. Crawford (b. 1772 - d. 1834)
22 Oct 1816 - 10 Dec 1817 George Graham (acting) (b. 1770 - d. 1830)
10 Dec 1817 - 4 Mar 1825 John C. Calhoun (b. 1782 - d. 1850)
7 Mar 1825 - 23 May 1828 James Barbour (b. 1775 - d. 1842)
26 May 1828 - 4 Mar 1829 Peter B. Porter (b. 1773 - d. 1844)
9 Mar 1829 - 18 Jun 1831 John H. Eaton (b. 1790 - d. 1856)
18 Jun 1831 - 21 Jul 1831 Philip G. Randolph (acting) (b. 1801 - d. 1836)
21 Jul 1831 - 1 Aug 1831 Roger B. Taney (acting) (b. 1777 - d. 1864)
1 Aug 1831 - 5 Oct 1836 Lewis Cass (b. 1782 - d. 1866)
1836 - 4 Mar 1837 Benjamin F. Butler (acting) (b. 1795 - d. 1858)
7 Mar 1837 - 4 Mar 1841 Joel R. Poinsett (b. 1779 - d. 1851)
5 Mar 1841 - 12 Sep 1841 John Bell (b. 1797 - d. 1869)
12 Sep 1841 - 12 Oct 1841 Albert M. Lea (acting) (b. 1808 - d. 1891)
12 Oct 1841 - 4 Mar 1843 John C. Spencer (b. 1788 - d. 1855)
8 Mar 1843 - 14 Feb 1844 James M. Porter (b. 1793 - d. 1862)
15 Feb 1844 - 4 Mar 1845 William Wilkins (b. 1779 - d. 1865)
6 Mar 1845 - 4 Mar 1849 William L. Marcy (b. 1786 - d. 1857)
8 Mar 1849 - 23 Jul 1850 George W. Crawford (b. 1798 - d. 1872)
23 Jul 1850 - 14 Aug 1850 Winfield Scott (acting) (b. 1786 - d. 1866)
15 Aug 1850 - 4 Mar 1853 Charles M. Conrad (b. 1804 - d. 1878)
7 Mar 1853 - 4 Mar 1857 Jefferson Davis (b. 1808 - d. 1889)
6 Mar 1857 - 29 Dec 1860 John B. Floyd (b. 1806 - d. 1863)
18 Jan 1861 - 4 Mar 1861 Joseph Holt (b. 1807 - d. 1894)
5 Mar 1861 - 14 Jan 1862 Simon Cameron (b. 1799 - d. 1889)
20 Jan 1862 - 28 May 1868 Edwin M. Stanton (b. 1814 - d. 1869)
1 Jun 1868 - 13 Mar 1869 John M. Schofield (b. 1831 - d. 1906)
13 Mar 1869 - 6 Sep 1869 John A. Rawlins (b. 1831 - d. 1869)
9 Sep 1869 - 24 Oct 1869 William T. Sherman (b. 1820 - d. 1891)
25 Oct 1869 - 2 Mar 1876 William W. Belknap (b. 1829 - d. 1890)
8 Mar 1876 - 22 May 1876 Alphonso Taft (b. 1810 - d. 1891)
22 May 1876 - 4 Mar 1877 J. Donald Cameron (b. 1833 - d. 1918)
12 Mar 1877 - 10 Dec 1879 George W. McCrary (b. 1835 - d. 1890)
10 Dec 1879 - 4 Mar 1881 Alexander Ramsey (b. 1815 - d. 1903)
5 Mar 1881 - 4 Mar 1885 Robert T. Lincoln (b. 1843 - d. 1926)
5 Mar 1885 - 4 Mar 1889 William C. Endicott (b. 1826 - d. 1900)
5 Mar 1889 - 5 Nov 1891 Redfield Proctor (b. 1831 - d. 1908)
17 Dec 1891 - 4 Mar 1893 Stephen B. Elkins (b. 1841 - d. 1911)
5 Mar 1893 - 4 Mar 1897 Daniel S. Lamont (b. 1851 - d. 1905)
5 Mar 1897 - 1 Aug 1899 Russell A. Alger (b. 1836 - d. 1907)
1 Aug 1899 - 31 Jan 1904 Elihu Root (b. 1845 - d. 1937)
1 Feb 1904 - 30 Jun 1908 William Howard Taft (b. 1857 - d. 1930)
1 Jul 1908 - 4 Mar 1909 Luke E. Wright (b. 1846 - d. 1922)
12 Mar 1909 - 21 May 1911 Jacob M. Dickinson (b. 1851 - d. 1928)
22 May 1911 - 4 Mar 1913 Henry L. Stimson (1st time) (b. 1867 - d. 1950)
5 Mar 1913 - 10 Feb 1916 Lindley M. Garrison (b. 1864 - d. 1932)
9 Mar 1916 - 4 Mar 1921 Newton D. Baker (b. 1871 - d. 1937)
5 Mar 1921 - 13 Oct 1925 John W. Weeks (b. 1860 - d. 1926)
14 Oct 1925 - 4 Mar 1929 Dwight F. Davis (b. 1879 - d. 1945)
6 Mar 1929 - 18 Nov 1929 James W. Good (b. 1866 - d. 1929)
9 Dec 1929 - 4 Mar 1933 Patrick J. Hurley (b. 1883 - d. 1963)
4 Mar 1933 - 27 Aug 1936 George H. Dern (b. 1872 - d. 1936)
25 Sep 1936 - 20 Jun 1940 Harry H. Woodring (b. 1887 - d. 1967)
10 Jul 1940 - 21 Sep 1945 Henry L. Stimson (2nd time) (s.a.)
27 Sep 1945 - 18 Jul 1947 Robert Patterson (b. 1891 - d. 1952)
19 Jul 1947 - 18 Sep 1947 Kenneth C. Royall (b. 1894 - d. 1971)
Secretaries of the Army
18 Sep 1947 - 20 Jun 1949 Kenneth C. Royall (s.a.)
20 Jun 1949 - 12 Apr 1950 Gordon Gray (b. 1909 - d. 1982)
12 Apr 1950 - 20 Jan 1953 Frank Pace, Jr. (b. 1912 - d. 1988)
4 Feb 1953 - 21 Jul 1955 Robert T. Stevens (b. 1899 - d. 1983)
21 Jul 1955 - 19 Jan 1961 Wilber M. Brucker (b. 1894 - d. 1968)
24 Jan 1961 - 30 Jun 1962 Elvis J. Stahr, Jr. (b. 1916 - d. 1998)
5 Jul 1962 - 21 Jan 1964 Cyrus Vance (b. 1917 - d. 2002)
28 Jan 1964 - 1 Jul 1965 Stephen Ailes (b. 1912 - d. 2001)
2 Jul 1965 - 30 Jun 1971 Stanley R. Resor (b. 1917 - d. 2012)
1 Jul 1971 - 14 May 1973 Robert F. Froehlke (b. 1922 - d. 2016)
15 May 1973 - 3 Jul 1975 Howard H. Callaway (b. 1927 - d. 2014)
5 Aug 1975 - 20 Jan 1977 Martin R. Hoffmann (b. 1932 - d. 2014)
14 Feb 1977 - 20 Jan 1981 Clifford L. Alexander, Jr. (b. 1933 - d. 2022)
21 Jan 1981 - 13 Aug 1989 John O. Marsh, Jr. (b. 1926 - d. 2019)
14 Aug 1989 - 20 Jan 1993 Michael P.W. Stone (b. 1925 - d. 1995)
22 Nov 1993 - 2 Jan 1998 Togo D. West, Jr. (b. 1942 - d. 2018)
2 Jan 1998 - 2 Jul 1998 Robert M. Walker (acting) (b. 1949)
2 Jul 1998 - 20 Jan 2001 Louis Caldera (b. 1956)
20 Jan 2001 - 5 Mar 2001 Gregory R. Dahlberg (acting) (b. 1951)
5 Mar 2001 - 31 May 2001 Joseph W. Westphal (acting) (b. 1948)
31 May 2001 - 9 May 2003 Thomas E. White (b. 1943)
9 May 2003 - 19 Nov 2004 Les Brownlee (acting) (b. 1939)
19 Nov 2004 - 9 Mar 2007 Francis J. Harvey (b. 1944)
9 Mar 2007 - 18 Sep 2009 Pete Geren (acting to 13 Jul 2007) (b. 1952)
21 Sep 2009 - 31 Oct 2015 John M. McHugh (b. 1948)
3 Nov 2015 - 11 Jan 2016 Eric Fanning (1st time) (acting) (b. 1968)
11 Jan 2016 - 18 May 2016 Patrick Murphy (acting) (b. 1973)
18 May 2016 - 20 Jan 2017 Eric Fanning (2nd time) (s.a.)
20 Jan 2017 - 2 Aug 2017 Robert Speer (acting)
2 Aug 2017 - 20 Nov 2017 Ryan D. McCarthy (1st time) (b. 1973?)
(acting)
20 Nov 2017 - 23 Jul 2019 Mark T. Esper (b. 1964)
24 Jun 2019 - 15 Jul 2019 Ryan D. McCarthy (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting for Esper)
23 Jul 2019 - 20 Jan 2021 Ryan D. McCarthy (3rd time) (s.a.)
(acting to 30 Sep 2019)
20 Jan 2021 - 27 May 2021 John E. Whitley (acting) (b. 1970)
27 May 2021 - Christine Wormuth (f) (b. 1969)
National Guard Bureau
Head of the Section of Militia Affairs
1903 - 1908 James Parker (b. 1854 - d. 1934)
Chiefs of the Division of Militia Affairs
14 Feb 1908 - 14 Mar 1911 Erasmus M. Weaver, Jr. (b. 1854 - d. 1920)
15 Mar 1911 - 31 Aug 1912 Robert K. Evans (b. 1852 - d. 1926)
1 Sep 1912 - 18 Sep 1916 Albert L. Mills (b. 1854 - d. 1916)
Chiefs of the Militia Bureau
26 Oct 1916 - 26 Nov 1917 William A. Mann (b. 1854 - d. 1934)
26 Nov 1917 - 15 Aug 1918 Jesse McI. Carter (b. 1863 - d. 1930)
29 Jun 1921 - 28 Jun 1925 George C. Rickards (b. 1860 - d. 1933)
29 Jun 1925 - 28 Jun 1929 Creed C. Hammond (b. 1874 - d. 1940)
29 Jun 1929 - 30 Sep 1929 Ernest R. Redmond (acting) (b. 1883 - d. 1966)
1 Oct 1929 - 30 Nov 1931 William G. Everson (b. 1879 - d. 1954)
1 Dec 1931 - 15 Jun 1933 George E. Leach (b. 1876 - d. 1955)
Chiefs of the National Guard Bureau
15 Jun 1933 - 30 Nov 1935 George E. Leach (s.a.)
1 Dec 1935 - 16 Jan 1936 Herold J. Weiler (acting) (b. 1886 - d. 1945)
17 Jan 1936 - 30 Jan 1936 John F. Williams (1st time) (b. 1887 - d. 1953)
(acting)
31 Jan 1936 - 30 Jan 1940 Albert H. Blanding (b. 1876 - d. 1970)
31 Jan 1940 - 31 Jan 1946 John F. Williams (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting from 31 Jan 1944)
1 Feb 1946 - 29 Sep 1947 Butler B. Miltonberger (b. 1896 - d. 1977)
30 Sep 1947 - 4 Sep 1950 Kenneth F. Cramer (b. 1894 - d. 1954)
5 Sep 1950 - 15 Feb 1953 Raymond H. Fleming (b. 1889 - d. 1974)
(acting to 13 Aug 1951)
16 Feb 1953 - 21 Jun 1953 Earl T. Ricks (acting) (b. 1908 - d. 1954)
22 Jun 1953 - 31 May 1959 Edgar C. Erickson (b. 1896 - d. 1989)
1 Jun 1959 - 19 Jul 1959 Winston P. Wilson (1st time) (b. 1911 - d. 1996)
(acting)
20 Jul 1959 - 30 Aug 1963 Donald W. McGowan (b. 1898 - d. 1967)
31 Aug 1963 - 31 Aug 1971 Winston P. Wilson (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Sep 1971 - 23 Jun 1974 Francis S. Greenlief (b. 1921 - d. 1999)
16 Aug 1974 - 15 Aug 1982 LaVern E. Weber (b. 1923 - d. 1999)
16 Aug 1982 - 15 Aug 1986 Emmett H. Walker, Jr. (b. 1924 - d. 2007)
16 Aug 1986 - 31 Jan 1990 Herbert R. Temple, Jr. (b. 1928)
1 Feb 1990 - 1 Dec 1993 John B. Conaway (b. 1934)
1 Jan 1994 - 31 Jul 1994 Raymond F. Rees (1st time) (b. 1944)
(acting)
1 Oct 1994 - 31 Jul 1998 Edward D. Baca (b. 1938)
31 Jul 1998 - 3 Aug 2002 Russell C. Davis (b. 1938)
(acting to 4 Aug 1998)
4 Aug 2002 - 10 Apr 2003 Raymond F. Rees (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
11 Apr 2003 - 17 Nov 2008 H. Steven Blum (b. 1946)
17 Nov 2008 - 7 Sep 2012 Craig R. McKinley (b. 1952)
7 Sep 2012 - 3 Aug 2016 Frank Grass (b. 1951)
3 Aug 2016 - 3 Aug 2020 Joseph L. Lengyel (b. 1959)
3 Aug 2020 - Daniel R. Hokanson (b. 1963)
30 Apr 1798 Navy Department established
18 Sep 1947 becomes a branch of the Department of Defense
Secretaries
18 Jun 1798 - 31 Mar 1801 Benjamin Stoddert (b. 1751 - d. 1813)
27 Jul 1801 - 4 Mar 1809 Robert Smith (b. 1757 - d. 1842)
15 May 1809 - 31 Dec 1812 Paul Hamilton (b. 1762 - d. 1816)
19 Jan 1813 - 1 Dec 1814 William Jones (b. 1760 - d. 1831)
16 Jan 1815 - 30 Sep 1818 Benjamin W. Crowninshield (b. 1772 - d. 1851)
1 Jan 1819 - 31 Aug 1823 Smith Thompson (b. 1768 - d. 1843)
16 Sep 1823 - 4 Mar 1829 Samuel L. Southard (b. 1787 - d. 1842)
9 Mar 1829 - 12 May 1831 John Branch (b. 1782 - d. 1863)
23 May 1831 - 30 Jun 1834 Levi Woodbury (b. 1789 - d. 1851)
1 Jul 1834 - 30 Jun 1838 Mahlon Dickerson (b. 1770 - d. 1853)
1 Jul 1838 - 4 Mar 1841 James K. Paulding (b. 1778 - d. 1860)
6 Mar 1841 - 11 Sep 1841 George E. Badger (b. 1795 - d. 1866)
11 Oct 1841 - 23 Jul 1843 Abel P. Upshur (b. 1790 - d. 1844)
24 Jul 1843 - 18 Feb 1844 David Henshaw (b. 1791 - d. 1852)
19 Feb 1844 - 28 Feb 1844 Thomas W. Gilmer (b. 1802 - d. 1844)
26 Mar 1844 - 4 Mar 1845 John Y. Mason (1st time) (b. 1799 - d. 1859)
11 Mar 1845 - 9 Sep 1846 George Bancroft (b. 1800 - d. 1891)
10 Sep 1846 - 4 Mar 1849 John Y. Mason (2nd time) (s.a.)
8 Mar 1849 - 22 Jul 1850 William B. Preston (b. 1805 - d. 1862)
2 Aug 1850 - 25 Jul 1852 William A. Graham (b. 1804 - d. 1875)
26 Jul 1852 - 4 Mar 1853 John P. Kennedy (b. 1795 - d. 1870)
8 Mar 1853 - 4 Mar 1857 James C. Dobbin (b. 1804 - d. 1857)
7 Mar 1857 - 4 Mar 1861 Isaac Toucey (b. 1796 - d. 1869)
7 Mar 1861 - 4 Mar 1869 Gideon Welles (b. 1802 - d. 1878)
9 Mar 1869 - 25 Jun 1869 Adolph E. Borie (b. 1809 - d. 1880)
26 Jun 1869 - 4 Mar 1877 George M. Robeson (b. 1829 - d. 1897)
13 Mar 1877 - 20 Dec 1880 Richard W. Thompson (b. 1823 - d. 1900)
7 Jan 1881 - 4 Mar 1881 Nathan Goff, Jr. (b. 1843 - d. 1920)
7 Mar 1881 - 16 Apr 1882 William H. Hunt (b. 1823 - d. 1884)
16 Apr 1882 - 4 Mar 1885 William E. Chandler (b. 1835 - d. 1917)
7 Mar 1885 - 4 Mar 1889 William C. Whitney (b. 1841 - d. 1904)
6 Mar 1889 - 4 Mar 1893 Benjamin F. Tracy (b. 1830 - d. 1915)
7 Mar 1893 - 4 Mar 1897 Hilary A. Herbert (b. 1834 - d. 1919)
6 Mar 1897 - 30 Apr 1902 John D. Long (b. 1838 - d. 1915)
1 May 1902 - 30 Jun 1904 William H. Moody (b. 1853 - d. 1917)
1 Jul 1904 - 30 Jun 1905 Paul Morton (b. 1857 - d. 1911)
1 Jul 1905 - 16 Dec 1906 Charles J. Bonaparte (b. 1851 - d. 1921)
17 Dec 1906 - 30 Nov 1908 Victor H. Metcalf (b. 1853 - d. 1936)
1 Dec 1908 - 4 Mar 1909 Truman Handy Newberry (b. 1864 - d. 1945)
6 Mar 1909 - 4 Mar 1913 George von Lengerke Meyer (b. 1858 - d. 1918)
5 Mar 1913 - 4 Mar 1921 Josephus Daniels (b. 1862 - d. 1948)
6 Mar 1921 - 10 Mar 1924 Edwin C. Denby (b. 1870 - d. 1929)
19 Mar 1924 - 4 Mar 1929 Curtis D. Wilbur (b. 1867 - d. 1954)
5 Mar 1929 - 4 Mar 1933 Charles Francis Adams (b. 1866 - d. 1954)
4 Mar 1933 - 7 Jul 1939 Claude A. Swanson (b. 1862 - d. 1939)
2 Jan 1940 - 24 Jun 1940 Charles Edison (b. 1890 - d. 1969)
11 Jul 1940 - 28 Apr 1944 Frank Knox (b. 1874 - d. 1944)
19 May 1944 - 17 Sep 1947 James V. Forrestal (b. 1892 - d. 1949)
18 Sep 1947 - 24 May 1949 John L. Sullivan (b. 1899 - d. 1982)
25 May 1949 - 31 Jul 1951 Francis P. Matthews (b. 1887 - d. 1952)
31 Jul 1951 - 20 Jan 1953 Dan A. Kimball (b. 1896 - d. 1970)
4 Feb 1953 - 3 May 1954 Robert B. Anderson (b. 1910 - d. 1989)
3 May 1954 - 1 Apr 1957 Charles S. Thomas (b. 1897 - d. 1983)
1 Apr 1957 - 8 Jun 1959 Thomas Gates (b. 1906 - d. 1983)
8 Jun 1959 - 19 Jan 1961 William Franke (b. 1894 - d. 1979)
25 Jan 1961 - 20 Dec 1961 John B. Connally (b. 1917 - d. 1993)
4 Jan 1962 - 1 Nov 1963 Fred Korth (b. 1909 - d. 1998)
2 Nov 1963 - 28 Nov 1963 Paul B. Fay (acting) (b. 1918 - d. 2009)
29 Nov 1963 - 30 Jun 1967 Paul H. Nitze (b. 1907 - d. 2004)
1 Jul 1967 - 31 Aug 1967 Charles F. Baird (acting) (b. 1922 - d. 2009)
1 Sep 1967 - 20 Jan 1969 Paul R. Ignatius (b. 1920)
31 Jan 1969 - 4 May 1972 John H. Chafee (b. 1922 - d. 1999)
4 May 1972 - 8 Apr 1974 John W. Warner (b. 1927 - d. 2021)
8 Apr 1974 - 20 Jan 1977 J. William Middendorf (b. 1924)
14 Feb 1977 - 24 Aug 1979 W. Graham Claytor, Jr. (b. 1912 - d. 1994)
24 Oct 1979 - 20 Jan 1981 Edward Hidalgo (b. 1912 - d. 1995)
5 Feb 1981 - 10 Apr 1987 John Lehman (b. 1942)
1 May 1987 - 23 Feb 1988 James H. Webb (b. 1946)
28 Mar 1988 - 15 May 1989 William L. Ball (b. 1948)
15 May 1989 - 26 Jun 1992 Henry L. Garrett III (b. 1939)
26 Jun 1992 - 7 Jul 1992 Daniel Howard (acting) (b. 1943)
7 Jul 1992 - 20 Jan 1993 Sean O'Keefe (b. 1956)
(acting to 2 Oct 1992)
20 Jan 1993 - 21 Jul 1993 Frank B. Kelso II (acting) (b. 1933 - d. 2013)
22 Jul 1993 - 16 Nov 1998 John H. Dalton (b. 1941)
16 Nov 1998 - 20 Jan 2001 Richard Danzig (b. 1944)
20 Jan 2001 - 24 May 2001 Robert B. Pirie, Jr. (acting) (b. 1933)
24 May 2001 - 24 Jan 2003 Gordon R. England (1st time) (b. 1937)
24 Jan 2003 - 7 Feb 2003 Susan Morrisey Livingstone (f) (b. 1946)
(acting)
7 Feb 2003 - 1 Oct 2003 Hansford T. Johnson (acting) (b. 1936)
1 Oct 2003 - 29 Dec 2005 Gordon R. England (2nd time) (s.a.)
29 Dec 2005 - 3 Jan 2006 Dionel M. Aviles (acting) (b. 1961?)
3 Jan 2006 - 13 Mar 2009 Donald C. Winter (b. 1948?)
13 Mar 2009 - 19 May 2009 B.J. Penn (acting) (b. 1938)
19 May 2009 - 20 Jan 2017 Ray Mabus (b. 1948)
20 Jan 2017 - 3 Aug 2017 Sean J. Stackley (acting) (b. 1957)
3 Aug 2017 - 24 Nov 2019 Richard V. Spencer (b. 1954)
15 Jul 2019 - 31 Jul 2019 Thomas Modly (b. 1960)
(acting for Spencer)
24 Nov 2019 - 7 Apr 2020 Thomas Modly (acting) (s.a.)
7 Apr 2020 - 29 May 2020 James McPherson (acting) (b. 1953)
29 May 2020 - 20 Jan 2021 Kenneth Braithwaite (b. 1960)
20 Jan 2021 - 9 Aug 2021 Thomas W. Harker (acting)
9 Aug 2021 - Carlos Del Toro (b. 1961)
18 Sep 1947 Department of the Air Force created as a branch of the
Department of Defense
Secretaries
18 Sep 1947 - 24 Apr 1950 Stuart Symington (b. 1901 - d. 1988)
24 Apr 1950 - 20 Jan 1953 Thomas K. Finletter (b. 1893 - d. 1980)
4 Feb 1953 - 13 Aug 1955 Harold E. Talbott (b. 1888 - d. 1957)
15 Aug 1955 - 30 Apr 1957 Donald A. Quarles (b. 1894 - d. 1959)
1 May 1957 - 10 Dec 1959 James H. Douglas (b. 1899 - d. 1988)
11 Dec 1959 - 20 Jan 1961 Dudley C. Sharp (b. 1905 - d. 1987)
24 Jan 1961 - 30 Sep 1965 Eugene M. Zuckert (b. 1911 - d. 2000)
1 Oct 1965 - 15 Feb 1969 Harold Brown (b. 1927 - d. 2019)
15 Feb 1969 - 14 May 1973 Robert C. Seamans, Jr. (b. 1918 - d. 2008)
15 May 1973 - 23 Nov 1975 John L. McLucas (b. 1920 - d. 2002)
(acting to 18 Jul 1973)
24 Nov 1975 - 1 Jan 1976 James W. Plummer (acting) (b. 1920 - d. 2013)
2 Jan 1976 - 6 Apr 1977 Thomas C. Reed (b. 1934)
6 Apr 1977 - 18 May 1979 John C. Stetson (b. 1920 - d. 2007)
18 May 1979 - 9 Feb 1981 Hans M. Mark (b. 1929 - d. 2021)
(acting to 26 Jul 1979)
9 Feb 1981 - 30 Nov 1985 Verne Orr (b. 1916 - d. 2008)
9 Dec 1985 - 6 Apr 1986 Russell A. Rourke (b. 1931 - d. 2003)
8 Apr 1986 - 16 Dec 1988 Edward C. Aldridge, Jr. (b. 1938)
(acting to 8 Jun 1986)
16 Dec 1988 - 29 Apr 1989 James F. McGovern (acting) (b. 1946)
29 Apr 1989 - 21 May 1989 John J. Welch, Jr. (b. 1930 - d. 2010)
22 May 1989 - 20 Jan 1993 Donald B. Rice (b. 1939)
20 Jan 1993 - 13 Jul 1993 Michael B. Donley (1st time) (b. 1952)
(acting)
14 Jul 1993 - 5 Aug 1993 Merrill A. McPeak (acting) (b. 1936)
6 Aug 1993 - 31 Oct 1997 Sheila E. Widnall (f) (b. 1938)
1 Nov 1997 - 20 Jan 2001 F. Whitten Peters (b. 1946)
(acting to 30 Jul 1999)
21 Jan 2001 - 31 May 2001 Lawrence J. Delaney (acting) (b. 1936?)
1 Jun 2001 - 20 Jan 2005 James G. Roche (b. 1939)
20 Jan 2005 - 31 Mar 2005 Peter B. Teets (acting) (b. 1942)
31 Mar 2005 - 29 Jul 2005 Michael L. Dominguez (acting) (b. 1953)
29 Jul 2005 - 3 Nov 2005 Pete Geren (acting) (b. 1952)
3 Nov 2005 - 21 Jun 2008 Michael W. Wynne (b. 1944)
21 Jun 2008 - 21 Jun 2013 Michael B. Donley (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting to 17 Oct 2008)
21 Jun 2013 - 20 Dec 2013 Eric Fanning (acting) (b. 1968)
20 Dec 2013 - 20 Jan 2017 Deborah Lee James (f) (b. 1958)
20 Jan 2017 - 16 May 2017 Lisa Disbrow (f) (acting) (b. 1962)
16 May 2017 - 31 May 2019 Heather Wilson (f) (b. 1960)
1 Jun 2019 - 18 Oct 2019 Matthew P. Donovan (acting) (b. 1959?)
18 Oct 2019 - 20 Jan 2021 Barbara Barrett (f) (b. 1950)
20 Jan 2021 - 28 Jul 2021 John P. Roth (acting)
28 Jul 2021 - Frank Kendall (b. 1949)
Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief
20 Jul 1942 - 21 Mar 1949 William D. Leahy (b. 1875 - d. 1959)
Chairmen of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
16 Aug 1949 - 15 Aug 1953 Omar N. Bradley (b. 1893 - d. 1981)
15 Aug 1953 - 15 Aug 1957 Arthur W. Radford (b. 1896 - d. 1973)
15 Aug 1957 - 30 Sep 1960 Nathan F. Twining (b. 1897 - d. 1982)
1 Oct 1960 - 30 Sep 1962 Lyman L. Lemnitzer (b. 1899 - d. 1988)
1 Oct 1962 - 1 Jul 1964 Maxwell D. Taylor (b. 1901 - d. 1987)
3 Jul 1964 - 2 Jul 1970 Earle G. Wheeler (b. 1908 - d. 1975)
2 Jul 1970 - 1 Jul 1974 Thomas H. Moorer (b. 1912 - d. 2004)
1 Jul 1974 - 20 Jun 1978 George S. Brown (b. 1918 - d. 1978)
21 Jun 1978 - 18 Jun 1982 David C. Jones (b. 1921 - d. 2013)
18 Jun 1982 - 30 Sep 1985 John W. Vessey, Jr. (b. 1922 - d. 2016)
1 Oct 1985 - 30 Sep 1989 William J. Crowe, Jr. (b. 1925 - d. 2007)
1 Oct 1989 - 30 Sep 1993 Colin Powell (b. 1937 - d. 2021)
1 Oct 1993 - 24 Oct 1993 David E. Jeremiah (acting) (b. 1934 - d. 2013)
25 Oct 1993 - 30 Sep 1997 John Shalikashvili (b. 1936 - d. 2011)
1 Oct 1997 - 30 Sep 2001 Henry H. Shelton (b. 1942)
1 Oct 2001 - 30 Sep 2005 Richard B. Myers (b. 1942)
30 Sep 2005 - 1 Oct 2007 Peter Pace (b. 1945)
1 Oct 2007 - 30 Sep 2011 Michael Mullen (b. 1946)
30 Sep 2011 - 25 Sep 2015 Martin E. Dempsey (b. 1952)
25 Sep 2015 - 30 Sep 2019 Joseph F. Dunford, Jr. (b. 1955)
30 Sep 2019 - Mark A. Milley (b. 1958)
Army
Continental Army General and Commander in Chief
15 Jun 1775 - 23 Dec 1783 George Washington (b. 1732 - d. 1799)
Senior Officers
23 Dec 1783 - 20 Jun 1784 Henry Knox (b. 1750 - d. 1806)
20 Jun 1784 - 12 Aug 1784 John Doughty (b. 1754 - d. 1826)
12 Aug 1784 - 4 Mar 1791 Josiah Harmar (b. 1753 - d. 1813)
4 Mar 1791 - 5 Mar 1792 Arthur St. Clair (b. 1736 - d. 1818)
13 Apr 1792 - 15 Dec 1796 Anthony Wayne (b. 1745 - d. 1796)
15 Dec 1796 - 13 Jul 1798 James Wilkinson (1st time) (b. 1757 - d. 1825)
13 Jul 1798 - 14 Dec 1799 George Washington (s.a.)
14 Dec 1799 - 15 Jun 1800 Alexander Hamilton (b. 1757 - d. 1804)
15 Jun 1800 - 27 Jan 1812 James Wilkinson (2nd time) (s.a.)
27 Jan 1812 - 15 Jun 1815 Henry Dearborn (b. 1751 - d. 1829)
15 Jun 1815 - Jun 1821 Jacob J. Brown (b. 1775 - d. 1828)
Commanding Generals
Jun 1821 - 24 Feb 1828 Jacob J. Brown (s.a.)
29 May 1828 - 25 Jun 1841 Alexander Macomb (b. 1782 - d. 1841)
5 Jul 1841 - 1 Nov 1861 Winfield Scott (b. 1786 - d. 1866)
1 Nov 1861 - 11 Mar 1862 George B. McClellan (b. 1826 - d. 1885)
23 Jul 1862 - 9 Mar 1864 Henry W. Halleck (b. 1815 - d. 1872)
9 Mar 1864 - 4 Mar 1869 Ulysses S. Grant (b. 1822 - d. 1885)
8 Mar 1869 - 1 Nov 1883 William T. Sherman (b. 1820 - d. 1891)
1 Nov 1883 - 5 Aug 1888 Philip H. Sheridan (b. 1831 - d. 1888)
14 Aug 1888 - 29 Sep 1895 John M. Schofield (b. 1831 - d. 1906)
5 Oct 1895 - 8 Aug 1903 Nelson A. Miles (b. 1839 - d. 1925)
Chiefs of the Army Staff
15 Aug 1903 - 8 Jan 1904 Samuel B.M. Young (b. 1840 - d. 1924)
9 Jan 1904 - 14 Jan 1906 Adna R. Chaffee (b. 1842 - d. 1914)
15 Jan 1906 - 13 Apr 1906 John C. Bates (b. 1842 - d. 1919)
14 Apr 1906 - 21 Apr 1910 J. Franklin Bell (b. 1856 - d. 1919)
22 Apr 1910 - 20 Apr 1914 Leonard Wood (b. 1860 - d. 1927)
21 Apr 1914 - 15 Nov 1914 William W. Wotherspoon (b. 1850 - d. 1921)
16 Nov 1914 - 21 Sep 1917 Hugh L. Scott (b. 1853 - d. 1934)
22 Sep 1917 - 18 May 1918 Tasker H. Bliss (b. 1853 - d. 1930)
19 May 1918 - 30 Jun 1921 Peyton C. March (b. 1864 - d. 1955)
1 Jul 1921 - 13 Sep 1924 John J. Pershing (b. 1860 - d. 1948)
14 Sep 1924 - 20 Nov 1926 John L. Hines (b. 1868 - d. 1968)
21 Nov 1926 - 20 Nov 1930 Charles P. Summerall (b. 1867 - d. 1955)
21 Nov 1930 - 1 Oct 1935 Douglas MacArthur (b. 1880 - d. 1964)
2 Oct 1935 - 31 Aug 1939 Malin Craig (b. 1875 - d. 1945)
1 Sep 1939 - 18 Nov 1945 George C. Marshall (b. 1880 - d. 1959)
19 Nov 1945 - 7 Feb 1948 Dwight D. Eisenhower (b. 1890 - d. 1969)
7 Feb 1948 - 16 Aug 1949 Omar N. Bradley (b. 1893 - d. 1981)
16 Aug 1949 - 15 Aug 1953 J. Lawton Collins (b. 1896 - d. 1987)
16 Aug 1953 - 30 Jun 1955 Matthew B. Ridgway (b. 1895 - d. 1993)
30 Jun 1955 - 30 Jun 1959 Maxwell D. Taylor (b. 1901 - d. 1987)
1 Jul 1959 - 30 Sep 1960 Lyman L. Lemnitzer (b. 1899 - d. 1988)
1 Oct 1960 - 30 Sep 1962 George H. Decker (b. 1902 - d. 1980)
1 Oct 1962 - 2 Jul 1964 Earle G. Wheeler (b. 1908 - d. 1975)
3 Jul 1964 - 2 Jul 1968 Harold K. Johnson (b. 1912 - d. 1983)
3 Jul 1968 - 30 Jun 1972 William C. Westmoreland (b. 1914 - d. 2005)
1 Jul 1972 - 11 Oct 1972 Bruce Palmer, Jr. (acting) (b. 1913 - d. 2000)
12 Oct 1972 - 4 Sep 1974 Creighton W. Abrams, Jr. (b. 1914 - d. 1974)
3 Oct 1974 - 30 Sep 1976 Frederick C. Weyand (b. 1916 - d. 2010)
1 Oct 1976 - 21 Jun 1979 Bernard W. Rogers (b. 1921 - d. 2008)
22 Jun 1979 - 21 Jun 1983 Edward C. Meyer (b. 1928 - d. 2020)
23 Jun 1983 - 23 Jun 1987 John A. Wickham, Jr. (b. 1928)
23 Jun 1987 - 21 Jun 1991 Carl E. Vuono (b. 1934)
21 Jun 1991 - 20 Jun 1995 Gordon R. Sullivan (b. 1937)
20 Jun 1995 - 22 Jun 1999 Dennis J. Reimer (b. 1939)
22 Jun 1999 - 11 Jun 2003 Eric K. Shinseki (b. 1942)
11 Jun 2003 - 1 Aug 2003 John M. Keane (acting) (b. 1943)
1 Aug 2003 - 10 Apr 2007 Peter J. Schoomaker (b. 1946)
10 Apr 2007 - 11 Apr 2011 George Casey (b. 1948)
11 Apr 2011 - 7 Sep 2011 Martin E. Dempsey (b. 1952)
7 Sep 2011 - 14 Aug 2015 Raymond T. Odierno (b. 1954 - d. 2021)
14 Aug 2015 - 9 Aug 2019 Mark A. Milley (b. 1958)
9 Aug 2019 - James C. McConville (b. 1959)
Women's Army Corps
1942 Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC)
1943 Women's Army Corps (WAC)
1978 WAC abolished
Directors
16 May 1942 - 11 Jul 1945 Oveta Culp Hobby (f) (b. 1905 - d. 1995)
12 Jul 1945 - 4 Mar 1947 Westray Battle Boyce (f) (b. 1901 - d. 1972)
5 Mar 1947 - 2 Jan 1953 Mary A. Hallaren (f) (b. 1907 - d. 2005)
(acting to 6 May 1947)
3 Jan 1953 - 2 Jan 1957 Irene O. Galloway (f) (b. 1908 - d. 1963)
3 Jan 1957 - 31 Jul 1962 Mary L. Milligan (f) (b. 1911 - d. 2012)
1 Aug 1962 - 31 Jul 1966 Emily C. Gorman (f) (b. 1909 - d. 2005)
1 Aug 1966 - 31 Jul 1971 Elizabeth P. Hoisington (f) (b. 1918 - d. 2007)
1 Aug 1971 - 31 Jul 1975 Mildred C. Bailey (f) (b. 1919 - d. 2009)
1 Aug 1975 - 28 Apr 1978 Mary E. Clarke (f) (b. 1924 - d. 2011)
Navy
Chiefs of Naval Operations
11 May 1915 - 25 Sep 1919 William S. Benson (b. 1855 - d. 1932)
1 Nov 1919 - 21 Jul 1923 Robert E. Coontz (b. 1864 - d. 1935)
21 Jul 1923 - 14 Nov 1927 Edward W. Eberle (b. 1864 - d. 1929)
14 Nov 1927 - 17 Sep 1930 Charles F. Hughes (b. 1866 - d. 1934)
17 Sep 1930 - 30 Jun 1933 William V. Pratt (b. 1869 - d. 1957)
1 Jul 1933 - 1 Jan 1937 William H. Standley (b. 1872 - d. 1963)
2 Jan 1937 - 1 Aug 1939 William D. Leahy (b. 1875 - d. 1959)
1 Aug 1939 - 26 Mar 1942 Harold R. Stark (b. 1880 - d. 1972)
26 Mar 1942 - 15 Dec 1945 Ernest J. King (b. 1878 - d. 1956)
15 Dec 1945 - 15 Dec 1947 Chester W. Nimitz (b. 1885 - d. 1966)
15 Dec 1947 - 1 Nov 1949 Louis E. Denfeld (b. 1891 - d. 1972)
2 Nov 1949 - 22 Jul 1951 Forrest P. Sherman (b. 1896 - d. 1951)
16 Aug 1951 - 17 Aug 1953 William M. Fechteler (b. 1896 - d. 1967)
17 Aug 1953 - 17 Aug 1955 Robert B. Carney (b. 1895 - d. 1990)
17 Aug 1955 - 1 Aug 1961 Arleigh A. Burke (b. 1901 - d. 1996)
1 Aug 1961 - 1 Aug 1963 George W. Anderson, Jr. (b. 1906 - d. 1992)
1 Aug 1963 - 1 Aug 1967 David L. McDonald (b. 1906 - d. 1997)
1 Aug 1967 - 30 Jun 1970 Thomas H. Moorer (b. 1912 - d. 2004)
1 Jul 1970 - 30 Jun 1974 Elmo R. Zumwalt, Jr. (b. 1920 - d. 2000)
1 Jul 1974 - 30 Jun 1978 James L. Holloway III (b. 1922 - d. 2019)
1 Jul 1978 - 30 Jun 1982 Thomas B. Hayward (b. 1924 - d. 2022)
1 Jul 1982 - 30 Jun 1986 James D. Watkins (b. 1927 - d. 2012)
1 Jul 1986 - 30 Jun 1990 Carlisle A.H. Trost (b. 1930 - d. 2020)
1 Jul 1990 - 23 Apr 1994 Frank B. Kelso II (b. 1933 - d. 2013)
23 Apr 1994 - 16 May 1996 Jeremy M. Boorda (b. 1939 - d. 1996)
2 Aug 1996 - 21 Jul 2000 Jay L. Johnson (b. 1946)
21 Jul 2000 - 22 Jul 2005 Vern Clark (b. 1944)
22 Jul 2005 - 29 Sep 2007 Michael Mullen (b. 1946)
29 Sep 2007 - 23 Sep 2011 Gary Roughead (b. 1951)
23 Sep 2011 - 18 Sep 2015 Jonathan W. Greenert (b. 1953)
18 Sep 2015 - 22 Aug 2019 John M. Richardson (b. 1960)
22 Aug 2019 - Michael Gilday (b. 1962)
Marine Corps
Commandants of the Marine Corps (subordinate to Secretary of the Navy)
28 Nov 1775 - 1781 Samuel Nicholas¹ (b. 1744 - d. 1790)
12 Jul 1798 - 6 Mar 1804 William W. Burrows (b. 1758 - d. 1804)
7 Mar 1804 - 1 Sep 1818 Franklin Wharton (b. 1767 - d. 1818)
2 Sep 1818 - 15 Sep 1818 Samuel Miller (acting) (b. 1775 - d. 1855)
16 Sep 1818 - 2 Mar 1819 Archibald Henderson (1st time) (b. 1783 - d. 1859)
(acting)
3 Mar 1819 - 16 Oct 1820 Anthony Gale (b. 1782 - d. 1843)
17 Oct 1820 - 6 Jan 1859 Archibald Henderson (2nd time) (s.a.)
7 Jan 1859 - 12 May 1864 John Harris (b. 1790 - d. 1864)
13 May 1864 - 9 Jun 1864 Augustus S. Nicholson (acting) (b. 1830 - d. 1911)
10 Jun 1864 - 31 Oct 1876 Jacob Zeilin (b. 1806 - d. 1880)
1 Nov 1876 - 29 Jan 1891 Charles McCawley (b. 1827 - d. 1891)
30 Jan 1891 - 2 Oct 1903 Charles Heywood (b. 1839 - d. 1915)
3 Oct 1903 - 30 Nov 1910 George Elliott (b. 1846 - d. 1931)
1 Dec 1910 - 24 Feb 1914 William P. Biddle (b. 1853 - d. 1923)
(acting to 3 Feb 1911)
25 Feb 1914 - 30 Jun 1920 George Barnett (b. 1859 - d. 1930)
1 Jul 1920 - 4 Mar 1929 John A. Lejeune (b. 1867 - d. 1942)
5 Mar 1929 - 8 Jul 1930 Wendell Neville (b. 1870 - d. 1930)
9 Jul 1930 - 28 Feb 1934 Ben H. Fuller (b. 1870 - d. 1937)
1 Mar 1934 - 30 Nov 1936 John H. Russell (b. 1872 - d. 1947)
1 Dec 1936 - 31 Dec 1943 Thomas Holcomb (b. 1879 - d. 1965)
1 Jan 1944 - 31 Dec 1947 Alexander A. Vandegrift (b. 1887 - d. 1973)
1 Jan 1948 - 31 Dec 1951 Clifton B. Cates (b. 1893 - d. 1970)
1 Jan 1952 - 31 Dec 1955 Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. (b. 1896 - d. 1990)
1 Jan 1956 - 31 Dec 1959 Randolph McCall Pate (b. 1898 - d. 1961)
1 Jan 1960 - 31 Dec 1963 David M. Shoup (b. 1904 - d. 1983)
1 Jan 1964 - 31 Dec 1967 Wallace M. Greene, Jr. (b. 1907 - d. 2003)
1 Jan 1968 - 31 Dec 1971 Leonard F. Chapman, Jr. (b. 1913 - d. 2000)
1 Jan 1972 - 30 Jun 1975 Robert E. Cushman, Jr. (b. 1914 - d. 1985)
1 Jul 1975 - 30 Jun 1979 Louis H. Wilson, Jr. (b. 1920 - d. 2005)
1 Jul 1979 - 30 Jun 1983 Robert H. Barrow (b. 1922 - d. 2008)
1 Jul 1983 - 30 Jun 1987 Paul X. Kelley (b. 1928 - d. 2019)
1 Jul 1987 - 30 Jun 1991 Alfred M. Gray, Jr. (b. 1928)
1 Jul 1991 - 30 Jun 1995 Carl E. Mundy, Jr. (b. 1935 - d. 2014)
1 Jul 1995 - 30 Jun 1999 Charles C. Krulak (b. 1942)
1 Jul 1999 - 13 Jan 2003 James L. Jones (b. 1943)
13 Jan 2003 - 13 Nov 2006 Michael W. Hagee (b. 1944)
13 Nov 2006 - 22 Oct 2010 James T. Conway (b. 1947)
22 Oct 2010 - 17 Oct 2014 James F. Amos (b. 1946)
17 Oct 2014 - 24 Sep 2015 Joseph F. Dunford, Jr. (b. 1955)
24 Sep 2015 - 11 Jul 2019 Robert B. Neller (b. 1953)
11 Jul 2019 - David H. Berger (b. 1959)
¹The resolution of Congress on 10 Nov 1775 provided for a colonel to command two battalions of Marines authorized, but the highest rank received by any Marine during the revolution was major. Samuel Nicholas was appointed "Captain of Marines" on 28 Nov 1775, and promoted to major on 25 Jun 1776. Because of his senior status among other Marine officers of the Revolution, he is numbered as the first Commandant. The year 1781 saw Major Nicholas' return to private life. By the summer of 1781 there were only three Marine captains and three lieutenants on active duty, and the overall organization had ceased to exist.Air Force Chiefs of the Air Force Staff 18 Sep 1947 - 30 Apr 1948 Carl A. Spaatz (b. 1891 - d. 1974) 30 Apr 1948 - 30 Jun 1953 Hoyt S. Vandenberg (b. 1899 - d. 1954) 30 Jul 1953 - 30 Jun 1957 Nathan F. Twining (b. 1897 - d. 1982) 1 Jul 1957 - 30 Jun 1961 Thomas D. White (b. 1901 - d. 1965) 30 Jun 1961 - 31 Jan 1965 Curtis E. LeMay (b. 1906 - d. 1990) 1 Feb 1965 - 1 Aug 1969 John P. McConnell (b. 1908 - d. 1986) 1 Aug 1969 - 31 Jul 1973 John D. Ryan (b. 1915 - d. 1983) 1 Aug 1973 - 30 Jun 1974 George S. Brown (b. 1918 - d. 1978) 1 Jul 1974 - 20 Jun 1978 David C. Jones (b. 1921 - d. 2013) 1 Jul 1978 - 30 Jun 1982 Lew Allen, Jr. (b. 1925 - d. 2010) 1 Jul 1982 - 30 Jun 1986 Charles A. Gabriel (b. 1928 - d. 2003) 1 Jul 1986 - 30 Jun 1990 Larry D. Welch (b. 1934) 1 Jul 1990 - 17 Sep 1990 Michael J. Dugan (b. 1937) 17 Sep 1990 - 27 Oct 1990 John M. Loh (acting) (b. 1938) 27 Oct 1990 - 25 Oct 1994 Merrill A. McPeak (b. 1936) 26 Oct 1994 - 1 Sep 1997 Ronald R. Fogleman (b. 1942) 2 Sep 1997 - 5 Oct 1997 Ralph E. Eberhart (acting) (b. 1946) 6 Oct 1997 - 6 Sep 2001 Michael E. Ryan (b. 1941) 6 Sep 2001 - 2 Sep 2005 John P. Jumper (b. 1945) 2 Sep 2005 - 1 Aug 2008 T. Michael Moseley (b. 1949) 1 Aug 2008 - 12 Aug 2008 Duncan McNabb (acting) (b. 1952) 12 Aug 2008 - 10 Aug 2012 Norton Schwartz (b. 1951) 10 Aug 2012 - 1 Jul 2016 Mark A. Welsh III (b. 1954) 1 Jul 2016 - 6 Aug 2020 David L. Goldfein (b. 1959) 6 Aug 2020 - Charles Q. Brown, Jr. (b. 1962) Space Force Chiefs of Space Operations 20 Dec 2019 - 2 Nov 2022 Jay Raymond (b. 1962) 2 Nov 2022 - B. Chance Saltzman (b. 1969)
African Command (AFRICOM) Commanders 1 Oct 2007 - 9 Mar 2011 William E. Ward (b. 1949) 9 Mar 2011 - 5 Apr 2013 Carter Ham (b. 1952) 5 Apr 2013 - 18 Jul 2016 David M. Rodriguez (b. 1954) 18 Jul 2016 - 26 Jul 2019 Thomas D. Waldhauser (b. 1953) 26 Jul 2019 - 9 Aug 2022 Stephen J. Townsend (b. 1960?) 9 Aug 2022 - Michael Langley (b. 1962?) European Command (EUCOM) Commanders-in-chief (from 24 Oct 2002, commanders) 1 Aug 1952 - 11 Jul 1953 Matthew B. Ridgway (b. 1895 - d. 1993) 11 Jul 1953 - 20 Nov 1956 Alfred M. Gruenther (b. 1899 - d. 1983) 20 Nov 1956 - 1 Nov 1962 Lauris Norstad (b. 1907 - d. 1988) 1 Nov 1962 - 5 May 1969 Lyman L. Lemnitzer (b. 1899 - d. 1988) 5 May 1969 - 1 Nov 1974 Andrew J. Goodpaster (b. 1915 - d. 2005) 1 Nov 1974 - 27 Jun 1979 Alexander Haig (b. 1924 - d. 2010) 27 Jun 1979 - 25 Jun 1987 Bernard W. Rogers (b. 1921 - d. 2008) 25 Jun 1987 - 23 Jun 1992 John Galvin (b. 1929 - d. 2015) 23 Jun 1992 - 21 Oct 1993 John Shalikashvili (b. 1936 - d. 2011) 21 Oct 1993 - 10 Jul 1997 George A. Joulwan (b. 1939) 10 Jul 1997 - 2 May 2000 Wesley K. Clark (b. 1944) 2 May 2000 - 16 Jan 2003 Joseph W. Ralston (b. 1943) 16 Jan 2003 - 4 Dec 2006 James L. Jones (b. 1943) 4 Dec 2006 - 30 Jun 2009 Bantz J. Craddock (b. 1949) 30 Jun 2009 - 10 May 2013 James G. Stavridis (b. 1955) 10 May 2013 - 3 May 2016 Philip M. Breedlove (b. 1955) 3 May 2016 - 2 May 2019 Curtis M. Scaparrotti (b. 1956) 2 May 2019 - 1 Jul 2022 Tod D. Wolters (b. 1960) 1 Jul 2022 - Christopher G. Cavoli (b. 1964) Central Command (CENTCOM) Commanders-in-chief (from 24 Oct 2002, commanders) 1 Jan 1983 - 27 Nov 1985 Robert C. Kingston (b. 1928 - d. 2007) 27 Nov 1985 - 23 Nov 1988 George B. Crist (b. 1931) 23 Nov 1988 - 9 Aug 1991 H. Norman Schwarzkopf (b. 1934 - d. 2012) 9 Aug 1991 - 5 Aug 1994 Joseph P. Hoar (b. 1934 - d. 2022) 5 Aug 1994 - 13 Aug 1997 J.H. Binford Peay III (b. 1940) 13 Aug 1997 - 6 Jul 2000 Anthony Zinni (b. 1943) 6 Jul 2000 - 7 Jul 2003 Tommy Franks (b. 1945) 7 Jul 2003 - 16 Mar 2007 John Abizaid (b. 1951) 16 Mar 2007 - 28 Mar 2008 William J. Fallon (b. 1944) 28 Mar 2008 - 31 Oct 2008 Martin E. Dempsey (acting) (b. 1952) 31 Oct 2008 - 30 Jun 2010 David Petraeus (b. 1952) 30 Jun 2010 - 11 Aug 2010 John R. Allen (acting) (b. 1953) 11 Aug 2010 - 22 Mar 2013 James Mattis (b. 1950) 22 Mar 2013 - 30 Mar 2016 Lloyd Austin (b. 1953) 30 Mar 2016 - 28 Mar 2019 Joseph Votel (b. 1958) 28 Mar 2019 - 1 Apr 2022 Kenneth F. McKenzie, Jr. (b. 1957?) 1 Apr 2022 - Michael E. Kurilla (b. 1966) Indo-Pacific Command (INDOPACOM) 30 May 2018 Pacific Command (PACOM) renamed Indo-Pacific Command Commanders-in-chief (from 24 Oct 2002, commanders) 1 Jan 1947 - 28 Feb 1947 John H. Towers (b. 1885 - d. 1955) 28 Feb 1947 - 3 Dec 1947 Louis E. Denfeld (b. 1891 - d. 1972) 12 Jan 1948 - 30 Apr 1949 DeWitt C. Ramsey (b. 1888 - d. 1961) 30 Apr 1949 - 10 Jul 1953 Arthur W. Radford (b. 1896 - d. 1973) 10 Jul 1953 - 31 Jul 1958 Felix B. Stump (b. 1894 - d. 1972) 31 Jul 1958 - 30 Jun 1964 Harry D. Felt (b. 1902 - d. 1992) 30 Jun 1964 - 31 Jul 1968 Ulysses S. Grant Sharp (b. 1906 - d. 2001) 31 Jul 1968 - 1 Sep 1972 John S. McCain, Jr. (b. 1911 - d. 1981) 1 Sep 1972 - 30 Aug 1976 Noel A.M. Gayler (b. 1914 - d. 2011) 30 Aug 1976 - 31 Oct 1979 Maurice F. Weisner (b. 1917 - d. 2006) 31 Oct 1979 - 1 Jul 1983 Robert L.J. Long (b. 1920 - d. 2002) 1 Jul 1983 - 18 Sep 1985 William J. Crowe, Jr. (b. 1925 - d. 2007) 18 Sep 1985 - 30 Sep 1988 Ronald J. Hays (b. 1928 - d. 2021) 30 Sep 1988 - 1 Mar 1991 Huntington Hardisty (b. 1929 - d. 2003) 1 Mar 1991 - 11 Jul 1994 Charles R. Larson (b. 1936 - d. 2014) 11 Jul 1994 - 19 Jul 1994 Harold T. Fields (b. 1938) 19 Jul 1994 - 31 Jan 1996 Richard C. Macke (b. 1938) 31 Jan 1996 - 20 Feb 1999 Joseph W. Prueher (b. 1942) 20 Feb 1999 - 2 May 2002 Dennis C. Blair (b. 1947) 2 May 2002 - 26 Feb 2005 Thomas B. Fargo (b. 1948) 26 Feb 2005 - 12 Mar 2007 William J. Fallon (b. 1944) 12 Mar 2007 - 26 Mar 2007 Daniel P. Leaf (acting) 26 Mar 2007 - 19 Oct 2009 Timothy J. Keating (b. 1948) 19 Oct 2009 - 9 Mar 2012 Robert F. Willard (b. 1950) 9 Mar 2012 - 27 May 2015 Samuel J. Locklear III (b. 1954) 27 May 2015 - 30 May 2018 Harry B. Harris, Jr. (b. 1956) 30 May 2018 - 30 Apr 2021 Philip S. Davidson (b. 1960) 30 Apr 2021 - John C. Aquilino (b. 1961) Northern Command (NORTHCOM) Commander-in-chief (from 24 Oct 2002, commanders) 1 Oct 2002 - 5 Nov 2004 Ralph E. Eberhart (b. 1946) 5 Nov 2004 - 23 Mar 2007 Timothy J. Keating (b. 1948) 23 Mar 2007 - 19 May 2010 Victor E. Renuart, Jr. (b. 1949) 19 May 2010 - 3 Aug 2011 James A. Winnefeld, Jr. (b. 1956) 3 Aug 2011 - 5 Dec 2014 Charles Jacoby, Jr. (b. 1954) 5 Dec 2014 - 13 May 2016 William E. Gortney (b. 1955) 13 May 2016 - 24 May 2018 Lori J. Robinson (f) (b. 1959?) 24 May 2018 - 20 Aug 2020 Terrence J. O'Shaughnessy (b. 1964) 20 Aug 2020 - Glen D. VanHerck (b. 1962) Southern Command (SOUTHCOM) Jul 1917 Panama Canal Department 10 Feb 1941 Caribbean Defense Command 1 Nov 1947 U.S. Caribbean Command 6 Jun 1963 U.S. Southern Command Commanders-in-chief (from 24 Oct 2002, commanders) Jul 1917 - Aug 1917 Edward H. Plummer (b. 1855 - d. 1927) Aug 1917 Adelbert Cronkhite (b. 1861 - d. 1937) Aug 1917 - Oct 1917 C.E. Lander Oct 1917 - Feb 1918 W.W. Graves Feb 1918 - Apr 1919 Richard M. Blatchford (b. 1859 - d. 1934) Apr 1919 - May 1921 Chase Wilmot Kennedy (b. 1859 - d. 1936) May 1921 - Oct 1921 B.B. Babbitt Oct 1921 - Sep 1924 Samuel D. Sturgis (b. 1861 - d. 1933) Sep 1924 - Jan 1926 William Lassiter (b. 1867 - d. 1959) Jan 1926 - Apr 1928 Charles H. Martin (b. 1863 - d. 1946) Apr 1928 - Aug 1930 Malin Craig (b. 1875 - d. 1945) Aug 1930 - Nov 1930 L.R. Erwin Nov 1930 - Sep 1933 Preston Brown (b. 1872 - d. 1948) Sep 1933 - Nov 1935 Harold B. Fiske (b. 1871 - d. 1960) Nov 1935 - Jul 1936 Lytle Brown (b. 1872 - d. 1951) Jul 1936 - Feb 1937 Henry W. Butner (b. 1875 - d. 1937) Feb 1937 - Apr 1937 Frank W. Rowell Apr 1937 - Jan 1940 David L. Stone Jan 1940 - Sep 1941 Daniel Van Voorhis (b. 1878 - d. 1956) 9 Sep 1941 - 8 Nov 1942 Frank M. Andrews (b. 1884 - d. 1943) Nov 1942 - Oct 1945 George Howard Brett (b. 1886 - d. 1963) Oct 1945 - 28 Jun 1948 Willis D. Crittenberger (b. 1890 - d. 1980) 28 Jun 1948 - 1 Oct 1949 Matthew B. Ridgway (b. 1895 - d. 1993) 1 Oct 1949 - 1 Apr 1952 William Morris, Jr. (b. 1890 - d. 1971) 1 Apr 1952 - 15 Jun 1954 Horace L. McBride (b. 1894 - d. 1962) 15 Jun 1954 - 5 Jan 1957 William K. Harrison (b. 1895 - d. 1987) 5 Jan 1957 - 20 Feb 1958 Robert M. Montague (b. 1899 - d. 1958) 20 Feb 1958 - 1 Apr 1958 Truman H. Landon (b. 1905 - d. 1986) 1 Apr 1958 - 15 Jul 1960 Ridgely Gaither (b. 1903 - d. 1992) 15 Jul 1960 - 1 Feb 1961 Robert F. Sink (b. 1905 - d. 1965) 1 Feb 1961 - 22 Feb 1965 Andrew P. O'Meara (b. 1907 - d. 2005) 22 Feb 1965 - 18 Feb 1969 Robert W. Porter, Jr. (b. 1908 - d. 2000) 18 Feb 1969 - 20 Sep 1971 George R. Mather (b. 1911 - d. 1993) 20 Sep 1971 - 17 Jan 1973 George V. Underwood, Jr. (b. 1913 - d. 1984) 17 Jan 1973 - 1 Aug 1975 William B. Rosson (b. 1918 - d. 2004) 1 Aug 1975 - 1 Oct 1979 Dennis P. McAuliffe (b. 1922 - d. 2012) 1 Oct 1979 - 24 May 1983 Wallace H. Nutting (b. 1928) 24 May 1983 - 1 Mar 1985 Paul F. Gorman (b. 1927) 1 Mar 1985 - 6 Jun 1987 John Galvin (b. 1929 - d. 2015) 6 Jun 1987 - 1 Oct 1989 Fred F. Woerner (b. 1933) 1 Oct 1989 - 21 Nov 1990 Maxwell R. Thurman (b. 1931 - d. 1995) 21 Nov 1990 - 17 Feb 1994 George A. Joulwan (b. 1939) 17 Feb 1994 - Mar 1996 Barry McCaffrey (b. 1942) Mar 1996 - 26 Jun 1996 James B. Perkins III (acting) (b. 1942) 26 Jun 1996 - Jul 1997 Wesley K. Clark (b. 1944) Jul 1997 - Sep 1997 Walter F. Doran (acting) (b. 1945) Sep 1997 - 8 Sep 2000 Charles E. Wilhelm (b. 1941) 8 Sep 2000 - 1 Oct 2001 Peter Pace (b. 1945) 1 Oct 2001 - 18 Aug 2002 Gary D. Speer (acting) (b. 1950) 18 Aug 2002 - 9 Nov 2004 James T. Hill (b. 1946) 9 Nov 2004 - 19 Oct 2006 Bantz J. Craddock (b. 1949) 19 Oct 2006 - 25 Jun 2009 James G. Stavridis (b. 1955) 25 Jun 2009 - 19 Nov 2012 Douglas M. Fraser (b. 1953) 19 Nov 2012 - 14 Jan 2016 John F. Kelly (b. 1950) 14 Jan 2016 - 26 Nov 2018 Kurt W. Tidd (b. 1956) 26 Nov 2018 - 29 Oct 2021 Craig S. Faller (b. 1961) 29 Oct 2021 - Laura J. Richardson (f) (b. 1963)
15 Jul 1949 Armed Forces Security Agency Nov 1952 National Security Agency Directors 15 Jul 1949 - 15 Jul 1951 Earl E. Stone (b. 1895 - d. 1989) 15 Jul 1951 - 23 Nov 1956 Ralph J. Canine (b. 1895 - d. 1969) 24 Nov 1956 - 23 Nov 1960 John A. Samford (b. 1905 - d. 1968) 24 Nov 1960 - 30 Jun 1962 Laurence H. Frost (b. 1902 - d. 1977) 1 Jul 1962 - 31 May 1965 Gordon A. Blake (b. 1910 - d. 1997) 1 Jun 1965 - 31 Jul 1969 Marshall S. Carter (b. 1909 - d. 1993) 1 Aug 1969 - 31 Jul 1972 Noel Gayler (b. 1914 - d. 2011) 1 Aug 1972 - 14 Aug 1973 Samuel C. Phillips (b. 1921 - d. 1990) 15 Aug 1973 - 4 Jul 1977 Lew Allen, Jr. (b. 1925 - d. 2010) 5 Jul 1977 - 31 Mar 1981 Bobby Ray Inman (b. 1931) 1 Apr 1981 - 27 Mar 1985 Lincoln D. Faurer (b. 1928 - d. 2014) 5 May 1985 - 31 Jul 1988 William E. Odom (b. 1932 - d. 2008) 1 Aug 1988 - 8 Apr 1992 William O. Studeman (b. 1940) 22 May 1992 - 22 Feb 1996 J. Michael McConnell (b. 1943) 23 Feb 1996 - 15 Mar 1999 Kenneth A. Minihan (b. 1943) 25 Mar 1999 - May 2005 Michael Hayden (b. 1945) May 2005 - Jul 2005 William B. Black, Jr. (acting) (b. 1936) 1 Aug 2005 - 28 Mar 2014 Keith B. Alexander (b. 1951) 2 Apr 2014 - 4 May 2018 Michael S. Rogers (b. 1959) 4 May 2018 - Paul M. Nakasone (b. 1963)
26 Jul 1775 office of Postmaster General created by Congress
1829 Postmaster General becomes a cabinet member
8 Jun 1872 Post Office Department formally established as an
executive department
1 Jul 1971 U.S. Postal Service (no longer a cabinet position)
Postmasters General
26 Jul 1775 - 7 Nov 1776 Benjamin Franklin (b. 1706 - d. 1790)
7 Nov 1776 - 28 Jan 1782 Richard Bache (b. 1737 - d. 1811)
28 Jan 1782 - 26 Sep 1789 Ebenezer Hazard (b. 1744 - d. 1817)
26 Sep 1789 - 12 Aug 1791 Samuel Osgood (b. 1747 - d. 1813)
12 Aug 1791 - 25 Feb 1795 Timothy Pickering (b. 1745 - d. 1829)
25 Feb 1795 - 28 Nov 1801 Joseph Habersham (b. 1751 - d. 1815)
28 Nov 1801 - 17 Mar 1814 Gideon Granger (b. 1767 - d. 1822)
17 Mar 1814 - 26 Jun 1823 Return J. Meigs, Jr. (b. 1764 - d. 1825)
26 Jun 1823 - 3 Mar 1829 John McLean (b. 1785 - d. 1861)
9 Mar 1829 - 1 May 1835 William T. Barry (b. 1785 - d. 1835)
1 May 1835 - 19 May 1840 Amos Kendall (b. 1789 - d. 1869)
19 May 1840 - 3 Mar 1841 John M. Niles (b. 1787 - d. 1856)
6 Mar 1841 - 13 Sep 1841 Francis Granger (b. 1792 - d. 1868)
13 Sep 1841 - 3 Mar 1845 Charles A. Wickliffe (b. 1788 - d. 1869)
6 Mar 1845 - 3 Mar 1849 Cave Johnson (b. 1793 - d. 1866)
8 Mar 1849 - 23 Jul 1850 Jacob Collamer (b. 1791 - d. 1865)
23 Jul 1850 - 31 Aug 1852 Nathan K. Hall (b. 1810 - d. 1874)
31 Aug 1852 - 3 Mar 1853 Samuel D. Hubbard (b. 1799 - d. 1855)
7 Mar 1853 - 3 Mar 1857 James Campbell (b. 1812 - d. 1893)
6 Mar 1857 - 8 Mar 1859 Aaron V. Brown (b. 1795 - d. 1859)
9 Mar 1859 - 14 Mar 1859 Horatio King (1st time) (acting) (b. 1811 - d. 1897)
14 Mar 1859 - 31 Dec 1860 Joseph Holt (b. 1807 - d. 1894)
1 Jan 1861 - 3 Mar 1861 Horatio King (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting to 12 Feb 1861)
5 Mar 1861 - 24 Sep 1864 Montgomery Blair (b. 1813 - d. 1883)
24 Sep 1864 - 25 Jul 1866 William Dennison, Jr. (b. 1815 - d. 1882)
25 Jul 1866 - 3 Mar 1869 Alexander W. Randall (b. 1819 - d. 1872)
5 Mar 1869 - 3 Jul 1874 John A.J. Creswell (b. 1828 - d. 1891)
3 Jul 1874 - 24 Aug 1874 James W. Marshall (b. 1822 - d. 1910)
24 Aug 1874 - 12 Jul 1876 Marshall Jewell (b. 1825 - d. 1883)
12 Jul 1876 - 3 Mar 1877 James N. Tyner (b. 1826 - d. 1904)
12 Mar 1877 - 2 Jun 1880 David M. Key (b. 1824 - d. 1900)
2 Jun 1880 - 3 Mar 1881 Horace Maynard (b. 1814 - d. 1882)
5 Mar 1881 - 20 Dec 1881 Thomas L. James (b. 1831 - d. 1916)
20 Dec 1881 - 3 Apr 1883 Timothy O. Howe (b. 1816 - d. 1883)
3 Apr 1883 - 14 Oct 1884 Walter Q. Gresham (b. 1832 - d. 1895)
14 Oct 1884 - 3 Mar 1885 Frank Hatton (b. 1846 - d. 1894)
6 Mar 1885 - 6 Jan 1888 William F. Vilas (b. 1840 - d. 1908)
6 Jan 1888 - 3 Mar 1889 Don M. Dickinson (b. 1846 - d. 1917)
5 Mar 1889 - 3 Mar 1893 John Wanamaker (b. 1838 - d. 1922)
6 Mar 1893 - 1 Mar 1895 Wilson S. Bissell (b. 1847 - d. 1903)
1 Mar 1895 - 3 Mar 1897 William L. Wilson (b. 1843 - d. 1900)
5 Mar 1897 - 21 Apr 1898 James A. Gary (b. 1833 - d. 1920)
21 Apr 1898 - 9 Jan 1902 Charles Emory Smith (b. 1842 - d. 1908)
9 Jan 1902 - 10 Oct 1904 Henry C. Payne (b. 1843 - d. 1904)
10 Oct 1904 - 3 Mar 1905 Robert J. Wynne (b. 1851 - d. 1922)
6 Mar 1905 - 15 Jan 1907 George B. Cortelyou (b. 1862 - d. 1940)
15 Jan 1907 - 3 Mar 1909 George von Lengerke Meyer (b. 1858 - d. 1918)
5 Mar 1909 - 3 Mar 1913 Frank H. Hitchcock (b. 1869 - d. 1935)
5 Mar 1913 - 3 Mar 1921 Albert S. Burleson (b. 1863 - d. 1937)
5 Mar 1921 - 4 Mar 1922 Will Hays (b. 1879 - d. 1954)
4 Mar 1922 - 27 Feb 1923 Hubert Work (b. 1860 - d. 1942)
27 Feb 1923 - 3 Mar 1929 Harry S. New (b. 1858 - d. 1937)
5 Mar 1929 - 3 Mar 1933 Walter F. Brown (b. 1869 - d. 1961)
4 Mar 1933 - 10 Sep 1940 James A. Farley (b. 1888 - d. 1976)
10 Sep 1940 - 8 May 1945 Frank C. Walker (b. 1886 - d. 1959)
8 May 1945 - 16 Dec 1947 Robert E. Hannegan (b. 1903 - d. 1949)
16 Dec 1947 - 20 Jan 1953 Jesse M. Donaldson (b. 1885 - d. 1970)
21 Jan 1953 - 20 Jan 1961 Arthur E. Summerfield (b. 1899 - d. 1972)
21 Jan 1961 - 30 Sep 1963 J. Edward Day (b. 1914 - d. 1996)
30 Sep 1963 - 3 Nov 1965 John A. Gronouski (b. 1919 - d. 1996)
3 Nov 1965 - 26 Apr 1968 Lawrence F. O'Brien (b. 1917 - d. 1990)
26 Apr 1968 - 20 Jan 1969 W. Marvin Watson (b. 1924 - d. 2017)
22 Jan 1969 - 1 Jan 1972 Winton M. Blount (b. 1921 - d. 2002)
1 Jan 1972 - 16 Feb 1975 E.T. Klassen (b. 1908 - d. 1990)
16 Feb 1975 - 15 Mar 1978 Benjamin F. Bailar (b. 1934 - d. 2017)
15 Mar 1978 - 1 Jan 1985 William F. Bolger (b. 1923 - d. 1989)
1 Jan 1985 - 7 Jan 1986 Paul N. Carlin (b. 1931 - d. 2018)
7 Jan 1986 - 16 Aug 1986 Albert V. Casey (b. 1920 - d. 2004)
16 Aug 1986 - 1 Mar 1988 Preston Robert Tisch (b. 1926 - d. 2005)
1 Mar 1988 - 6 Jul 1992 Anthony M. Frank (b. 1931)
6 Jul 1992 - 16 May 1998 Marvin T. Runyon (b. 1924 - d. 2004)
16 May 1998 - 1 Jun 2001 William J. Henderson (b. 1947)
1 Jun 2001 - 3 Dec 2010 John E. Potter (b. 1956)
6 Dec 2010 - 1 Feb 2015 Patrick R. Donahoe (b. 1955)
1 Feb 2015 - 15 Jun 2020 Megan J. Brennan (f) (b. 1962?)
15 Jun 2020 - Louis DeJoy (b. 1957?)
2 Sep 1789 Department of the Treasury
Secretaries
11 Sep 1789 - 31 Jan 1795 Alexander Hamilton (b. 1757 - d. 1804)
3 Feb 1795 - 31 Dec 1800 Oliver Wolcott, Jr. (b. 1760 - d. 1833)
1 Jan 1801 - 13 May 1801 Samuel Dexter (b. 1761 - d. 1816)
14 May 1801 - 8 Feb 1814 Albert Gallatin (b. 1761 - d. 1849)
9 Feb 1814 - 5 Oct 1814 George W. Campbell (b. 1769 - d. 1848)
6 Oct 1814 - 21 Oct 1816 Alexander J. Dallas (b. 1759 - d. 1817)
22 Oct 1816 - 4 Mar 1825 William H. Crawford (b. 1772 - d. 1834)
7 Mar 1825 - 4 Mar 1829 Richard Rush (b. 1780 - d. 1859)
6 Mar 1829 - 20 Jun 1831 Samuel D. Ingham (b. 1779 - d. 1860)
8 Aug 1831 - 28 May 1833 Louis McLane (b. 1786 - d. 1857)
29 May 1833 - 22 Sep 1833 William J. Duane (b. 1780 - d. 1865)
23 Sep 1833 - 25 Jun 1834 Roger B. Taney (b. 1777 - d. 1864)
1 Jul 1834 - 4 Mar 1841 Levi Woodbury (b. 1789 - d. 1851)
4 Mar 1841 - 11 Sep 1841 Thomas Ewing (b. 1789 - d. 1871)
13 Sep 1841 - 1 Mar 1843 Walter Forward (b. 1786 - d. 1852)
8 Mar 1843 - 2 May 1844 John C. Spencer (b. 1788 - d. 1855)
4 Jul 1844 - 4 Mar 1845 George M. Bibb (b. 1776 - d. 1859)
8 Mar 1845 - 4 Mar 1849 Robert J. Walker (b. 1801 - d. 1869)
8 Mar 1849 - 22 Jul 1850 William M. Meredith (b. 1799 - d. 1873)
23 Jul 1850 - 4 Mar 1853 Thomas Corwin (b. 1794 - d. 1865)
7 Mar 1853 - 4 Mar 1857 James Guthrie (b. 1792 - d. 1869)
7 Mar 1857 - 8 Dec 1860 Howell Cobb (b. 1815 - d. 1868)
12 Dec 1860 - 14 Jan 1861 Philip F. Thomas (b. 1810 - d. 1890)
15 Jan 1861 - 4 Mar 1861 John Adams Dix (b. 1798 - d. 1879)
7 Mar 1861 - 30 Jun 1864 Salmon P. Chase (b. 1808 - d. 1873)
5 Jul 1864 - 4 Mar 1865 William P. Fessenden (b. 1806 - d. 1869)
9 Mar 1865 - 4 Mar 1869 Hugh McCulloch (1st time) (b. 1808 - d. 1895)
12 Mar 1869 - 16 Mar 1873 George S. Boutwell (b. 1818 - d. 1905)
17 Mar 1873 - 3 Jun 1874 William A. Richardson (b. 1821 - d. 1896)
4 Jun 1874 - 20 Jun 1876 Benjamin H. Bristow (b. 1832 - d. 1896)
7 Jul 1876 - 4 Mar 1877 Lot M. Morrill (b. 1813 - d. 1883)
10 Mar 1877 - 4 Mar 1881 John Sherman (b. 1823 - d. 1900)
8 Mar 1881 - 13 Nov 1881 William Windom (1st time) (b. 1827 - d. 1891)
14 Nov 1881 - 4 Sep 1884 Charles J. Folger (b. 1818 - d. 1884)
5 Sep 1884 - 30 Oct 1884 Walter Q. Gresham (b. 1832 - d. 1895)
31 Oct 1884 - 7 Mar 1885 Hugh McCulloch (2nd time) (s.a.)
8 Mar 1885 - 31 Mar 1887 Daniel Manning (b. 1831 - d. 1887)
1 Apr 1887 - 3 Mar 1889 Charles S. Fairchild (b. 1842 - d. 1924)
7 Mar 1889 - 29 Jan 1891 William Windom (2nd time) (s.a.)
25 Feb 1891 - 6 Mar 1893 Charles Foster (b. 1828 - d. 1904)
7 Mar 1893 - 5 Mar 1897 John G. Carlisle (b. 1835 - d. 1910)
6 Mar 1897 - 31 Jan 1902 Lyman J. Gage (b. 1836 - d. 1927)
1 Feb 1902 - 4 Mar 1907 Leslie M. Shaw (b. 1848 - d. 1932)
4 Mar 1907 - 4 Mar 1909 George B. Cortelyou (b. 1862 - d. 1940)
8 Mar 1909 - 4 Mar 1913 Franklin MacVeagh (b. 1837 - d. 1934)
6 Mar 1913 - 15 Dec 1918 William G. McAdoo (b. 1863 - d. 1941)
16 Dec 1918 - 1 Feb 1920 Carter Glass (b. 1858 - d. 1946)
2 Feb 1920 - 4 Mar 1921 David F. Houston (b. 1866 - d. 1940)
4 Mar 1921 - 12 Feb 1932 Andrew W. Mellon (b. 1855 - d. 1937)
13 Feb 1932 - 4 Mar 1933 Ogden L. Mills (b. 1884 - d. 1937)
5 Mar 1933 - 17 Nov 1933 William H. Woodin (b. 1868 - d. 1934)
17 Nov 1933 - 22 Jul 1945 Henry Morgenthau, Jr. (b. 1891 - d. 1967)
(acting to 1 Jan 1934)
23 Jul 1945 - 23 Jun 1946 Fred M. Vinson (b. 1890 - d. 1953)
25 Jun 1946 - 20 Jan 1953 John W. Snyder (b. 1895 - d. 1985)
21 Jan 1953 - 29 Jul 1957 George M. Humphrey (b. 1890 - d. 1970)
29 Jul 1957 - 20 Jan 1961 Robert B. Anderson (b. 1910 - d. 1989)
21 Jan 1961 - 1 Apr 1965 C. Douglas Dillon (b. 1909 - d. 2003)
1 Apr 1965 - 20 Dec 1968 Henry H. Fowler (b. 1908 - d. 2000)
21 Dec 1968 - 20 Jan 1969 Joseph W. Barr (b. 1918 - d. 1996)
22 Jan 1969 - 10 Feb 1971 David M. Kennedy (b. 1905 - d. 1996)
11 Feb 1971 - 12 Jun 1972 John B. Connally (b. 1917 - d. 1993)
12 Jun 1972 - 8 May 1974 George Shultz (b. 1920 - d. 2021)
8 May 1974 - 20 Jan 1977 William E. Simon (b. 1927 - d. 2000)
23 Jan 1977 - 4 Aug 1979 Michael Blumenthal (b. 1926)
6 Aug 1979 - 20 Jan 1981 G. William Miller (b. 1925 - d. 2006)
22 Jan 1981 - 1 Feb 1985 Donald Regan (b. 1918 - d. 2003)
4 Feb 1985 - 17 Aug 1988 James Baker (b. 1930)
15 Sep 1988 - 17 Jan 1993 Nicholas F. Brady (b. 1930)
20 Jan 1993 - 22 Dec 1994 Lloyd Bentsen (b. 1921 - d. 2006)
22 Dec 1994 - 11 Jan 1995 Frank Newman (acting) (b. 1942)
11 Jan 1995 - 2 Jul 1999 Robert E. Rubin (b. 1938)
2 Jul 1999 - 20 Jan 2001 Lawrence H. Summers (b. 1954)
20 Jan 2001 - 31 Dec 2002 Paul O'Neill (b. 1935 - d. 2020)
1 Jan 2003 - 3 Feb 2003 Kenneth W. Dam (acting) (b. 1932)
3 Feb 2003 - 29 Jun 2006 John Snow (b. 1939)
29 Jun 2006 - 10 Jul 2006 Robert M. Kimmitt (acting) (b. 1947)
10 Jul 2006 - 20 Jan 2009 Henry M. Paulson, Jr. (b. 1946)
20 Jan 2009 - 26 Jan 2009 Stuart Levey (acting) (b. 1963)
26 Jan 2009 - 25 Jan 2013 Timothy Geithner (b. 1961)
26 Jan 2013 - 28 Feb 2013 Neal Wolin (acting) (b. 1961)
28 Feb 2013 - 20 Jan 2017 Jack Lew (b. 1955)
20 Jan 2017 - 13 Feb 2017 Adam Szubin (acting) (b. 1972)
13 Feb 2017 - 20 Jan 2021 Steve Mnuchin (b. 1962)
20 Jan 2021 - 26 Jan 2021 Andy Baukol (acting) (b. 1964)
26 Jan 2021 - Janet Yellen (f) (b. 1946)
Treasurers
29 Jul 1775 - 11 Sep 1789 Michael Hillegas (b. 1729 - d. 1804)
11 Sep 1789 - 31 Oct 1801 Samuel Meredith (b. 1741 - d. 1817)
1 Dec 1801 - 2 May 1828 Thomas T. Tucker (b. 1745 - d. 1828)
4 Jun 1828 - May 1829 William Clark (b. 1774 - d. 1851)
May 1829 - 20 Jul 1839 John Campbell (b. c.1789 - d. c.1866)
22 Jul 1839 - 23 Nov 1850 William Selden (b. 1791 - d. 1874)
27 Nov 1850 - 6 Apr 1853 John Sloane (b. 1778 - d. 1856)
6 Apr 1853 - 22 Dec 1859 Samuel Casey (b. 1788? - d. 1859)
28 Feb 1860 - Mar 1861 William C. Price (b. 1816 - d. 1901)
Mar 1861 - 30 Jun 1875 Francis E. Spinner (b. 1802 - d. 1890)
30 Jun 1875 - 1 Jul 1876 John C. New (b. 1831 - d. 1906)
1 Jul 1876 - 30 Jun 1877 A.U. Wyman (1st time) (b. 1833 - d. 1915)
1 Jul 1877 - 31 Mar 1883 James Gilfillan (b. 1836 - d. 1929)
1 Apr 1883 - 30 Apr 1885 A.U. Wyman (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 May 1885 - 23 May 1887 Conrad N. Jordan (b. 1830 - d. 1903)
24 May 1887 - 10 May 1889 James W. Hyatt (b. 1837 - d. 1893)
11 May 1889 - 24 Apr 1891 J.N. Huston (b. 1849 - d. 1927)
25 Apr 1891 - 31 May 1893 Enos H. Nebeker (b. 1836 - d. 1913)
1 Jun 1893 - 30 Jun 1897 Daniel N. Morgan (b. 1844 - d. 1931)
1 Jul 1897 - 30 Jun 1905 Ellis H. Roberts (b. 1827 - d. 1918)
1 Jul 1905 - 30 Oct 1909 Charles H. Treat (b. 1842 - d. 1910)
1 Nov 1909 - 21 Nov 1912 Lee McClung (b. 1870 - d. 1914)
22 Nov 1912 - 31 Mar 1913 Carmi A. Thompson (b. 1870 - d. 1942)
1 Apr 1913 - 5 Jan 1921 John Burke (b. 1859 - d. 1937)
2 May 1921 - 1 May 1928 Frank White (b. 1856 - d. 1940)
31 May 1928 - 17 Jan 1929 H.T. Tate (b. 1875 - d. 1960)
18 Jan 1929 - 31 May 1933 Walter O. Woods (b. 1873 - d. 1951)
1 Jun 1933 - 29 May 1949 William A. Julian (b. 1860 - d. 1949)
21 Jun 1949 - 27 Jan 1953 Georgia Neese Clark (f) (b. 1900 - d. 1995)
28 Jan 1953 - 29 Jan 1961 Ivy Baker Priest (f) (b. 1905 - d. 1975)
30 Jan 1961 - 13 Apr 1962 Elizabeth Rudel Smith (f) (b. 1911 - d. 1997)
9 Jan 1963 - 22 Nov 1966 Kathryn O'Hay Granahan (f) (b. 1894 - d. 1979)
8 May 1969 - 3 Jul 1971 Dorothy Andrews Elston
(from 17 Sep 1970, Dorothy
Andrews Kabis) (f) (b. 1917 - d. 1971)
17 Dec 1971 - 8 May 1974 Romana Acosta Bañuelos (f) (b. 1925 - d. 2018)
21 Jun 1974 - 19 Jan 1977 Francine I. Neff (f) (b. 1925 - d. 2010)
12 Sep 1977 - 20 Jan 1981 Azie Taylor Morton (f) (b. 1936 - d. 2003)
17 Mar 1981 - 5 Jul 1983 Angela M. Buchanan (f) (b. 1948)
22 Sep 1983 - 1 Jul 1989 Katherine Davalos Ortega (f) (b. 1934)
20 Nov 1989 - 20 Jan 1993 Catalina Vasquez Villalpando (f) (b. 1940)
1 Mar 1994 - 20 Jan 2001 Mary Ellen Withrow (f) (b. 1930)
16 Aug 2001 - 30 Jun 2003 Rosario Marin (f) (b. 1958)
19 Jan 2005 - 20 Jan 2009 Anna Escobedo Cabral (f) (b. 1959)
20 Aug 2009 - 8 Jul 2016 Rosa Gumataotao Rios (f) (b. 1966)
19 Jun 2017 - 14 Jan 2020 Jovita Carranza (f) (b. 1949)
12 Sep 2022 - Marilynn Roberge Malerba (f) (b. 1953)
Directors
Apr 1792 - Jun 1795 David Rittenhouse (b. 1732 - d. 1796)
Jul 1795 - Oct 1795 Henry William de Saussure (b. 1763 - d. 1839)
Oct 1795 - Jul 1805 Elias Boudinot (b. 1740 - d. 1821)
Jan 1806 - Jul 1824 Robert Patterson (b. 1743 - d. 1824)
Jul 1824 - Jul 1835 Samuel Moore (b. 1774 - d. 1861)
Jul 1835 - Jul 1851 Robert Maskell Patterson (b. 1787 - d. 1854)
Jul 1851 - Apr 1853 George N. Eckert (b. 1802 - d. 1865)
Apr 1853 - 30 May 1853 Thomas M. Pettit (b. 1797 - d. 1853)
Jun 1853 - Apr 1861 James Ross Snowden (b. 1809 - d. 1878)
May 1861 - Sep 1866 James Pollock (1st time) (b. 1811 - d. 1890)
Oct 1866 - Apr 1867 William Millward (b. 1822 - d. 1871)
Apr 1867 - Apr 1869 Henry Richard Linderman (1st time) (b. 1825 - d. 1879)
May 1869 - Mar 1873 James Pollock (2nd time) (s.a.)
Apr 1873 - Dec 1878 Henry Richard Linderman (2nd time) (s.a.)
Feb 1879 - Jun 1885 Horatio C. Burchard (b. 1825 - d. 1908)
Jul 1885 - Oct 1889 James P. Kimball (b. 1836 - d. 1913)
Oct 1889 - May 1893 Edward O. Leech (b. 1850 - d. 1900)
Nov 1893 - Feb 1898 Robert E. Preston (b. 1836 - d. 1911)
Feb 1898 - Jul 1907 George E. Roberts (1st time) (b. 1857 - d. 1948)
Sep 1907 - Nov 1909 Frank A. Leach (b. 1846 - d. 1929)
Nov 1909 - Jun 1910 A. Piatt Andrew (b. 1873 - d. 1936)
Jul 1910 - Nov 1914 George E. Roberts (2nd time) (s.a.)
Mar 1915 - Jul 1916 Robert W. Woolley (b. 1871 - d. 1958)
Sep 1916 - Feb 1917 F.J.H. von Engelken (b. 1881 - d. 1963)
Mar 1917 - Mar 1922 Raymond T. Baker (b. 1877 - d. 1935)
Mar 1922 - Sep 1923 F.E. Scobey (b. 1866 - d. 1931)
Nov 1923 - May 1933 Robert J. Grant (b. 1862 - d. 1949)
May 1933 - Apr 1953 Nellie Tayloe Ross (f) (b. 1876 - d. 1977)
Jul 1954 - Jan 1961 William H. Brett (b. 1893 - d. 1989)
Oct 1961 - Aug 1969 Eva Adams (f) (b. 1908 - d. 1991)
Sep 1969 - Feb 1977 Mary Brooks (f) (b. 1907 - d. 2002)
Nov 1977 - Apr 1981 Stella Hackel Sims (f) (b. 1926)
Jul 1981 - Aug 1991 Donna Pope (f) (b. 1931)
Sep 1992 - Nov 1993 David J. Ryder (1st time) (b. 1955)
Jun 1994 - Mar 2000 Philip N. Diehl (b. 1951)
Mar 2000 - Aug 2001 Jay W. Johnson (b. 1943 - d. 2009)
7 Aug 2001 - Aug 2005 Henrietta Holsman Fore (f) (b. 1948)
Aug 2005 - 5 Sep 2006 David A. Lebryk (acting)
5 Sep 2006 - 9 Jan 2011 Edmund C. Moy (b. 1957)
9 Jan 2011 - 13 Jan 2011 Andrew D. Brunhart (acting)
13 Jan 2011 - 25 Jan 2011 Rosa Gumataotao Rios (f) (acting) (b. 1966)
25 Jan 2011 - 12 Jan 2015 Richard Peterson (acting) (b. 1959?)
12 Jan 2015 - 20 Jan 2017 Rhett Jeppson (acting) (b. 1974)
20 Jan 2017 - 31 Jan 2018 David Motl (acting)
1 Feb 2018 - 12 Apr 2018 Dave Croft (acting)
12 Apr 2018 - 30 Sep 2021 David J. Ryder (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Oct 2021 - 25 Oct 2021 Alison Doone (f) (acting)
25 Oct 2021 - Ventris C. Gibson (f) (b. 1956)
(acting to 17 Jun 2022)
1953 Bureau of Internal Revenue renamed Internal Revenue Service
Commissioners
17 Jul 1862 - 4 Mar 1863 George S. Boutwell (b. 1818 - d. 1905)
5 Mar 1863 - 30 Jun 1865 Joseph J. Lewis (b. 1801 - d. 1883)
(acting to 17 Mar 1863)
1 Jul 1865 - 31 Oct 1865 William Orton (b. 1826 - d. 1878)
1 Nov 1865 - 10 Mar 1869 Edward A. Rollins (b. 1828 - d. 1885)
11 Mar 1869 - 31 Oct 1870 Columbus Delano (b. 1809 - d. 1896)
1 Nov 1870 - 2 Jan 1871 John W. Douglass (1st time)
(acting)
3 Jan 1871 - 8 Aug 1871 Alfred Pleasonton (b. 1824 - d. 1897)
9 Aug 1871 - 14 May 1875 John W. Douglass (2nd time)
15 May 1875 - 1 Aug 1876 Daniel D. Pratt (b. 1813 - d. 1877)
2 Aug 1876 - 30 Apr 1883 Green B. Raum (b. 1829 - d. 1909)
1 May 1883 - 10 May 1883 Henry C. Rogers (1st time)
(acting)
11 May 1883 - 20 May 1883 John J. Knox (acting) (b. 1828 - d. 1892)
21 May 1883 - 19 Mar 1885 Walter Evans (b. 1842 - d. 1923)
20 Mar 1885 - 20 Mar 1889 Joseph S. Miller (1st time)
21 Mar 1889 - 18 Apr 1893 John W. Mason
19 Apr 1893 - 26 Nov 1896 Joseph S. Miller (2nd time)
27 Nov 1896 - 31 Dec 1897 William St. John Forman (b. 1847 - d. 1908)
1 Jan 1898 - 28 Feb 1899 Nathan B. Scott (b. 1842 - d. 1924)
1 Mar 1899 - 27 Nov 1900 George W. Wilson
28 Nov 1900 - 19 Dec 1900 Robert Williams, Jr. (acting)
20 Dec 1900 - 30 Apr 1907 John W. Yerkes (b. 1854 - d. 1922)
1 May 1907 - 4 Jun 1907 Henry C. Rogers (2nd time)
(acting)
5 Jun 1907 - 31 Aug 1909 John G. Capers (b. 1866 - d. 1919)
1 Sep 1909 - 27 Apr 1913 Royal E. Cabell
28 Apr 1913 - 25 Sep 1917 William H. Osborn (b. 1856 - d. 1921)
26 Sep 1917 - 31 Mar 1920 Daniel C. Roper (b. 1867 - d. 1943)
1 Apr 1920 - 11 Apr 1921 William M. Williams
12 Apr 1921 - 26 May 1921 Millard F. West (acting)
27 May 1921 - 31 May 1929 David H. Blair (b. 1868 - d. 1944)
1 Jun 1929 - 15 Aug 1930 Robert H. Lucas (b. 1888 - d. 1947)
16 Aug 1930 - 19 Aug 1930 H.F. Mires (acting)
20 Aug 1930 - 15 May 1933 David Burnet
16 May 1933 - 5 Jun 1933 Pressly R. Baldridge (acting)
6 Jun 1933 - 8 Oct 1943 Guy T. Helvering (b. 1878 - d. 1946)
9 Oct 1943 - 22 Jan 1944 Robert E. Hannegan (b. 1903 - d. 1949)
23 Jan 1944 - 29 Feb 1944 Harold N. Graves (acting)
1 Mar 1944 - 30 Jun 1947 Joseph D. Nunan, Jr. (b. 1897 - d. 1968)
1 Jul 1947 - 31 Jul 1951 George J. Schoeneman (b. 1889 - d. 1966)
1 Aug 1951 - 18 Nov 1952 John B. Dunlap
19 Nov 1952 - 19 Jan 1953 John S. Graham (acting) (b. 1905 - d. 1976)
20 Jan 1953 - 3 Feb 1953 Justin F. Winkle (acting)
4 Feb 1953 - 31 Oct 1955 T. Coleman Andrews (b. 1899 - d. 1983)
1 Nov 1955 - 4 Dec 1955 O. Gordon Delk (1st time) (acting) (b. 1911 - d. 1990)
5 Dec 1955 - 30 Sep 1958 Russell C. Harrington (b. 1890 - d. 1971)
1 Oct 1958 - 4 Nov 1958 O. Gordon Delk (2nd time) (acting) (s.a.)
5 Nov 1958 - 20 Jan 1961 Dana Latham (b. 1898 - d. 1974)
21 Jan 1961 - 6 Feb 1961 Charles I. Fox (acting) (b. 1899 - d. 1996)
7 Feb 1961 - 10 Jul 1964 Mortimer M. Caplin (b. 1916 - d. 2019)
11 Jul 1964 - 24 Jan 1965 Bertrand M. Harding (acting) (b. 1919 - d. 2002)
25 Jan 1965 - 20 Jan 1969 Sheldon S. Cohen (b. 1927 - d. 2018)
21 Jan 1969 - 31 Mar 1969 William H. Smith (acting)
1 Apr 1969 - 22 Jun 1971 Randolph W. Thrower (b. 1913 - d. 2014)
23 Jun 1971 - 5 Aug 1971 Harold T. Swartz (acting) (b. 1908 - d. 1986)
6 Aug 1971 - 30 Apr 1973 Johnnie M. Walters (b. 1919 - d. 2014)
1 May 1973 - 25 May 1973 Raymond F. Harless (acting)
25 May 1973 - 26 Feb 1977 Donald C. Alexander (b. 1921 - d. 2009)
27 Feb 1977 - 4 May 1977 William E. Williams (1st time) (b. 1925 - d. 2009)
(acting)
5 May 1977 - 31 Oct 1980 Jerome Kurtz (b. 1931 - d. 2015)
1 Nov 1980 - 13 Mar 1981 William E. Williams (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
14 Mar 1981 - 30 Apr 1986 Roscoe L. Egger, Jr. (b. 1920 - d. 1999)
1 May 1986 - 3 Aug 1986 James I. Owens (acting) (b. 1933 - d. 2019)
4 Aug 1986 - 4 Mar 1989 Lawrence B. Gibbs (b. 1938)
5 Mar 1989 - 4 Jul 1989 Michael J. Murphy (acting) (b. 1936 - d. 2022)
5 Jul 1989 - 2 Feb 1992 Fred Goldberg, Jr. (b. 1947)
3 Feb 1992 - 20 Jan 1993 Shirley D. Peterson (f) (b. 1941)
21 Jan 1993 - 26 May 1993 Michael P. Dolan (1st time)
(acting)
27 May 1993 - 31 May 1997 Margaret Milner Richardson (f) (b. 1943 - d. 2021)
1 Jun 1997 - 12 Nov 1997 Michael P. Dolan (2nd time)
(acting)
13 Nov 1997 - 6 Nov 2002 Charles O. Rossotti (b. 1941)
6 Nov 2002 - 1 May 2003 Robert E. Wenzel (acting)
1 May 2003 - 4 May 2007 Mark W. Everson (b. 1954)
4 May 2007 - 10 Sep 2007 Kevin M. Brown (acting)
10 Sep 2007 - 24 Mar 2008 Linda Stiff (f) (acting)
24 Mar 2008 - 9 Nov 2012 Douglas H. Shulman (b. 1967)
10 Nov 2012 - 22 May 2013 Steven T. Miller (acting)
22 May 2013 - 23 Dec 2013 Daniel I. Werfel (1st time) (b. 1971)
(acting)
23 Dec 2013 - 12 Nov 2017 John A. Koskinen (b. 1939)
13 Nov 2017 - 1 Oct 2018 David Kautter (acting) (b. 1948)
1 Oct 2018 - 12 Nov 2022 Charles Rettig (b. 1956)
13 Nov 2022 - 13 Mar 2023 Doug O'Donnell (acting)
13 Mar 2023 - Daniel I. Werfel (2nd time) (s.a.)
24 Sep 1789 Office of Attorney General
Mar 1792 becomes a cabinet post
22 Jun 1870 Department of Justice
Attorneys General
26 Sep 1789 - 26 Jan 1794 Edmund Randolph (b. 1753 - d. 1813)
27 Jan 1794 - 23 Aug 1795 William Bradford (b. 1755 - d. 1795)
10 Dec 1795 - 19 Feb 1801 Charles Lee (b. 1758 - d. 1815)
5 Mar 1801 - 31 Dec 1804 Levi Lincoln (b. 1749 - d. 1820)
3 Mar 1805 - 6 Aug 1805 Robert Smith (b. 1757 - d. 1842)
7 Aug 1805 - 14 Dec 1806 John Breckinridge (b. 1760 - d. 1806)
20 Jan 1807 - 10 Dec 1811 Caesar A. Rodney (b. 1772 - d. 1824)
11 Dec 1811 - 9 Feb 1814 William Pinkney (b. 1764 - d. 1822)
10 Feb 1814 - 12 Nov 1817 Richard Rush (b. 1780 - d. 1859)
13 Nov 1817 - 4 Mar 1829 William Wirt (b. 1772 - d. 1834)
9 Mar 1829 - 19 Jul 1831 John M. Berrien (b. 1781 - d. 1856)
20 Jul 1831 - 14 Nov 1833 Roger B. Taney (b. 1777 - d. 1864)
15 Nov 1833 - 4 Jul 1838 Benjamin F. Butler (b. 1795 - d. 1858)
5 Jul 1838 - 1 Dec 1839 Felix Grundy (b. 1777 - d. 1840)
11 Jan 1840 - 4 Mar 1841 Henry D. Gilpin (b. 1801 - d. 1860)
5 Mar 1841 - 12 Sep 1841 John J. Crittenden (1st time) (b. 1787 - d. 1863)
13 Sep 1841 - 30 Jun 1843 Hugh S. Legaré (b. 1797 - d. 1843)
1 Jul 1843 - 4 Mar 1845 John Nelson (b. 1794 - d. 1860)
5 Mar 1845 - 16 Oct 1846 John Y. Mason (b. 1799 - d. 1859)
17 Oct 1846 - 17 Mar 1848 Nathan Clifford (b. 1803 - d. 1881)
21 Jun 1848 - 4 Mar 1849 Isaac Toucey (b. 1796 - d. 1869)
8 Mar 1849 - 21 Jul 1850 Reverdy Johnson (b. 1796 - d. 1876)
22 Jul 1850 - 4 Mar 1853 John J. Crittenden (2nd time) (s.a.)
7 Mar 1853 - 4 Mar 1857 Caleb Cushing (b. 1800 - d. 1879)
6 Mar 1857 - 17 Dec 1860 Jeremiah S. Black (b. 1810 - d. 1883)
20 Dec 1860 - 4 Mar 1861 Edwin M. Stanton (b. 1814 - d. 1869)
6 Mar 1861 - 30 Nov 1864 Edward Bates (b. 1793 - d. 1869)
22 Jun 1863 - 5 Dec 1864 Titian J. Coffey (b. 1824 - d. 1867)
(acting [for Bates to 30 Nov 1864])
5 Dec 1864 - 22 Jul 1866 James Speed (b. 1812 - d. 1887)
23 Jul 1866 - 16 Jul 1868 Henry Stanbery (b. 1803 - d. 1881)
17 Jul 1868 - 4 Mar 1869 William M. Evarts (b. 1818 - d. 1901)
5 Mar 1869 - 22 Nov 1870 Ebenezer R. Hoar (b. 1816 - d. 1895)
23 Nov 1870 - 13 Dec 1871 Amos T. Akerman (b. 1821 - d. 1880)
14 Dec 1871 - 25 Apr 1875 George H. Williams (b. 1823 - d. 1910)
26 Apr 1875 - 21 May 1876 Edwards Pierrepont (b. 1817 - d. 1892)
22 May 1876 - 4 Mar 1877 Alphonso Taft (b. 1810 - d. 1891)
12 Mar 1877 - 4 Mar 1881 Charles Devens (b. 1820 - d. 1891)
5 Mar 1881 - 15 Dec 1881 Wayne MacVeagh (b. 1833 - d. 1917)
16 Dec 1882 - 4 Mar 1885 Benjamin H. Brewster (b. 1816 - d. 1888)
6 Mar 1885 - 4 Mar 1889 Augustus H. Garland (b. 1832 - d. 1899)
7 Mar 1889 - 4 Mar 1893 William H.H. Miller (b. 1840 - d. 1917)
6 Mar 1893 - 7 Apr 1895 Richard Olney (b. 1835 - d. 1917)
8 Apr 1895 - 4 Mar 1897 Judson Harmon (b. 1846 - d. 1927)
5 Mar 1897 - 25 Jan 1898 Joseph McKenna (b. 1843 - d. 1926)
25 Jan 1898 - 29 Mar 1901 John W. Griggs (b. 1849 - d. 1927)
5 Apr 1901 - 30 Jun 1904 Philander Chase Knox (b. 1853 - d. 1921)
1 Jul 1904 - 17 Dec 1906 William H. Moody (b. 1853 - d. 1917)
17 Dec 1906 - 4 Mar 1909 Charles J. Bonaparte (b. 1851 - d. 1921)
4 Mar 1909 - 4 Mar 1913 George W. Wickersham (b. 1858 - d. 1936)
5 Mar 1913 - 29 Aug 1914 James C. McReynolds (b. 1862 - d. 1946)
29 Aug 1914 - 4 Mar 1919 Thomas W. Gregory (b. 1861 - d. 1933)
5 Mar 1919 - 4 Mar 1921 A. Mitchell Palmer (b. 1872 - d. 1936)
4 Mar 1921 - 6 Apr 1924 Harry M. Daugherty (b. 1860 - d. 1941)
7 Apr 1924 - 1 Mar 1925 Harlan Fiske Stone (b. 1872 - d. 1946)
7 Mar 1925 - 4 Mar 1929 John G. Sargent (b. 1860 - d. 1939)
4 Mar 1929 - 4 Mar 1933 William D. Mitchell (b. 1874 - d. 1955)
4 Mar 1933 - 1 Jan 1939 Homer S. Cummings (b. 1870 - d. 1956)
2 Jan 1939 - 18 Jan 1940 Frank Murphy (b. 1890 - d. 1949)
18 Jan 1940 - 25 Aug 1941 Robert H. Jackson (b. 1892 - d. 1954)
26 Aug 1941 - 26 Jun 1945 Francis Biddle (b. 1886 - d. 1968)
27 Jun 1945 - 26 Jul 1949 Tom C. Clark (b. 1899 - d. 1977)
27 Jul 1949 - 3 Apr 1952 J. Howard McGrath (b. 1903 - d. 1966)
4 Apr 1952 - 20 Jan 1953 James P. McGranery (b. 1895 - d. 1962)
21 Jan 1953 - 23 Oct 1957 Herbert Brownell, Jr. (b. 1904 - d. 1996)
23 Oct 1957 - 20 Jan 1961 William Rogers (b. 1913 - d. 2001)
20 Jan 1961 - 3 Sep 1964 Robert F. Kennedy (b. 1925 - d. 1968)
4 Sep 1964 - 30 Sep 1966 Nicholas deB. Katzenbach (b. 1922 - d. 2012)
(acting to 28 Jan 1965)
28 Nov 1966 - 20 Jan 1969 Ramsey Clark (b. 1927 - d. 2021)
(acting to 10 Mar 1967)
20 Jan 1969 - 15 Feb 1972 John N. Mitchell (b. 1913 - d. 1988)
15 Feb 1972 - 25 May 1973 Richard G. Kleindienst (b. 1923 - d. 2000)
25 May 1973 - 20 Oct 1973 Elliot Richardson (b. 1920 - d. 1999)
20 Oct 1973 - 4 Jan 1974 Robert H. Bork (acting) (b. 1927 - d. 2012)
4 Jan 1974 - 14 Jan 1975 William B. Saxbe (b. 1916 - d. 2010)
14 Jan 1975 - 20 Jan 1977 Edward H. Levi (b. 1911 - d. 2000)
26 Jan 1977 - 16 Aug 1979 Griffin B. Bell (b. 1918 - d. 2009)
16 Aug 1979 - 19 Jan 1981 Benjamin R. Civiletti (b. 1935 - d. 2022)
23 Jan 1981 - 25 Feb 1985 William F. Smith (b. 1917 - d. 1990)
25 Feb 1985 - 12 Aug 1988 Edwin Meese III (b. 1931)
12 Aug 1988 - 15 Aug 1991 Richard Thornburgh (b. 1932 - d. 2020)
15 Aug 1991 - 20 Jan 1993 William P. Barr (1st time) (b. 1950)
(acting to 26 Nov 1991)
20 Jan 1993 - 12 Mar 1993 Stuart M. Gerson (acting) (b. 1944)
12 Mar 1993 - 20 Jan 2001 Janet Reno (f) (b. 1938 - d. 2016)
20 Jan 2001 - 2 Feb 2001 Eric H. Holder, Jr. (1st time) (b. 1951)
(acting)
2 Feb 2001 - 3 Feb 2005 John Ashcroft (b. 1942)
3 Feb 2005 - 17 Sep 2007 Alberto Gonzales (b. 1955)
17 Sep 2007 - 9 Nov 2007 Peter Keisler (acting) (b. 1960)
9 Nov 2007 - 20 Jan 2009 Michael Mukasey (b. 1941)
20 Jan 2009 - 3 Feb 2009 Mark Filip (acting) (b. 1966)
3 Feb 2009 - 27 Apr 2015 Eric H. Holder, Jr. (2nd time) (s.a.)
27 Apr 2015 - 20 Jan 2017 Loretta Lynch (f) (b. 1959)
20 Jan 2017 - 30 Jan 2017 Sally Q. Yates (f) (acting) (b. 1960)
30 Jan 2017 - 9 Feb 2017 Dana J. Boente (acting) (b. 1954)
9 Feb 2017 - 7 Nov 2018 Jeff Sessions (b. 1946)
7 Nov 2018 - 14 Feb 2019 Matthew G. Whitaker (acting) (b. 1969)
14 Feb 2019 - 23 Dec 2020 William P. Barr (2nd time) (s.a.)
24 Dec 2020 - 20 Jan 2021 Jeff Rosen (acting) (b. 1958)
20 Jan 2021 - 11 Mar 2021 Monty Wilkinson (acting)
11 Mar 2021 - Merrick Garland (b. 1952)
Solicitors General
Oct 1870 - Nov 1872 Benjamin H. Bristow (b. 1832 - d. 1896)
Nov 1872 - May 1885 Samuel F. Phillips (b. 1824 - d. 1903)
May 1885 - Aug 1886 John Goode (acting) (b. 1829 - d. 1909)
Aug 1886 - May 1889 George A. Jenks (b. 1836 - d. 1908)
May 1889 - Jan 1890 Orlow W. Chapman (b. 1832 - d. 1890)
Feb 1890 - Mar 1892 William Howard Taft (b. 1857 - d. 1930)
Mar 1892 - May 1893 Charles H. Aldrich (b. 1850 - d. 1929)
May 1893 - Jan 1895 Lawrence Maxwell, Jr. (b. 1853 - d. 1927)
Feb 1895 - Jul 1897 Holmes Conrad (b. 1840 - d. 1915)
Jul 1897 - Mar 1903 John K. Richards (b. 1856 - d. 1909)
Mar 1903 - Mar 1909 Henry M. Hoyt (b. 1856 - d. 1910)
Apr 1909 - 9 Sep 1910 Lloyd Wheaton Bowers (b. 1859 - d. 1910)
Dec 1910 - Jul 1912 Frederick W. Lehmann (b. 1853 - d. 1931)
Jul 1912 - Mar 1913 William Marshall Bullitt (b. 1873 - d. 1957)
Aug 1913 - Nov 1918 John W. Davis (b. 1873 - d. 1955)
Nov 1918 - May 1920 Alexander C. King (b. 1856 - d. 1926)
Jun 1920 - Jun 1921 William L. Frierson (b. 1869 - d. 1953)
Jun 1921 - Jun 1925 James M. Beck (b. 1861 - d. 1936)
Jun 1925 - Mar 1929 William D. Mitchell (b. 1874 - d. 1955)
May 1929 - Apr 1930 Charles Evans Hughes, Jr. (b. 1889 - d. 1950)
Apr 1930 - May 1933 Thomas D. Thacher (b. 1881 - d. 1950)
May 1933 - Mar 1935 James Crawford Biggs (b. 1872 - d. 1960)
Mar 1935 - Jan 1938 Stanley F. Reed (b. 1884 - d. 1980)
Mar 1938 - Jan 1940 Robert H. Jackson (b. 1892 - d. 1954)
Jan 1940 - Sep 1941 Francis Biddle (b. 1886 - d. 1968)
Nov 1941 - Sep 1945 Charles Fahy (b. 1892 - d. 1979)
Oct 1945 - Oct 1946 J. Howard McGrath (b. 1903 - d. 1966)
Jul 1947 - Aug 1952 Philip B. Perlman (b. 1890 - d. 1960)
Dec 1952 - Mar 1953 Walter J. Cummings, Jr. (b. 1916 - d. 1999)
Feb 1954 - Jul 1956 Simon E. Sobeloff (b. 1894 - d. 1973)
Aug 1956 - Jan 1961 J. Lee Rankin (b. 1907 - d. 1996)
Jan 1961 - Jul 1965 Archibald Cox (b. 1912 - d. 2004)
Aug 1965 - Aug 1967 Thurgood Marshall (b. 1908 - d. 1993)
Oct 1967 - Jun 1973 Erwin N. Griswold (b. 1904 - d. 1994)
Jun 1973 - Jan 1977 Robert H. Bork (b. 1927 - d. 2012)
Jan 1977 - Mar 1977 Dan Friedman (acting) (b. 1916 - d. 2011)
Mar 1977 - Aug 1981 Wade H. McCree (b. 1920 - d. 1987)
Aug 1981 - Jun 1985 Rex Lee (b. 1935 - d. 1996)
Oct 1985 - Jan 1989 Charles Fried (b. 1935)
May 1989 - Jan 1993 Kenneth W. Starr (b. 1946 - d. 2022)
May 1993 - Jul 1996 Drew S. Days III (b. 1941 - d. 2020)
Aug 1996 - Aug 1997 Walter Dellinger (acting) (b. 1941 - d. 2022)
13 Nov 1997 - 20 Jan 2001 Seth P. Waxman (b. 1951)
20 Jan 2001 - 11 Jun 2001 Barbara D. Underwood (f) (acting) (b. 1944)
11 Jun 2001 - 12 Jul 2004 Theodore B. Olson (b. 1940)
12 Jul 2004 - 2 Jun 2008 Paul D. Clement (b. 1966)
(acting to 13 Jun 2005)
2 Jun 2008 - Jan 2009 Gregory G. Garre (b. 1964)
(acting to 6 Oct 2008)
Jan 2009 - 20 Mar 2009 Edwin S. Kneedler (acting) (b. 1946)
20 Mar 2009 - Aug 2010 Elena Kagan (f) (b. 1960)
10 May 2010 - 9 Jun 2011 Neal K. Katyal (b. 1970)
(acting [for Kagan to Aug 2010])
9 Jun 2011 - 24 Jun 2016 Donald Verrilli (b. 1957)
25 Jun 2016 - 20 Jan 2017 Ian Gershengorn (acting) (b. 1967)
20 Jan 2017 - 10 Mar 2017 Noel Francisco (1st time) (acting) (b. 1969)
10 Mar 2017 - 19 Sep 2017 Jeffrey B. Wall (1st time)
(acting)
19 Sep 2017 - 3 Jul 2020 Noel Francisco (2nd time) (s.a.)
3 Jul 2020 - 20 Jan 2021 Jeffrey B. Wall (2nd time)
(acting)
20 Jan 2021 - 11 Aug 2021 Elizabeth Prelogar (f) (1st time) (b. 1980)
(acting)
11 Aug 2021 - 29 Oct 2021 Brian H. Fletcher (acting)
29 Oct 2021 - Elizabeth Prelogar (f) (2nd time) (s.a.)
26 Jul 1908 Special Agent Force of the Department of Justice
16 Mar 1909 Bureau of Investigation
1 Jul 1932 U.S. Bureau of Investigation
10 Aug 1933 Division of Investigation
1 Jul 1935 Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
Chiefs
26 Jul 1908 - 30 Apr 1912 Stanley W. Finch (b. 1872 - d. 1951)
(Chief Examiner to 16 Mar 1909)
30 Apr 1912 - 10 Feb 1919 A. Bruce Bielaski (b. 1883 - d. 1964)
10 Feb 1919 - 1 Jul 1919 William E. Allen (acting)
Directors
1 Jul 1919 - 22 Aug 1921 William J. Flynn (b. 1867 - d. 1928)
22 Aug 1921 - 10 May 1924 William J. Burns (b. 1861 - d. 1932)
10 May 1924 - 2 May 1972 J. Edgar Hoover (b. 1895 - d. 1972)
(acting to 10 Dec 1924)
3 May 1972 - 27 Apr 1973 L. Patrick Gray (acting) (b. 1916 - d. 2005)
27 Apr 1973 - 9 Jul 1973 William D. Ruckelshaus (acting) (b. 1932 - d. 2019)
9 Jul 1973 - 15 Feb 1978 Clarence M. Kelley (b. 1911 - d. 1997)
15 Feb 1978 - 23 Feb 1978 James B. Adams (acting) (b. 1926 - d. 2020)
23 Feb 1978 - 26 May 1987 William H. Webster (b. 1924)
26 May 1987 - 2 Nov 1987 John E. Otto (acting) (b. 1938 - d. 2020)
2 Nov 1987 - 19 Jul 1993 William S. Sessions (b. 1930 - d. 2020)
19 Jul 1993 - 1 Sep 1993 Floyd I. Clarke (acting) (b. 1942)
1 Sep 1993 - 25 Jun 2001 Louis Freeh (b. 1950)
25 Jun 2001 - 4 Sep 2001 Thomas J. Pickard (acting) (b. 1950)
4 Sep 2001 - 4 Sep 2013 Robert Mueller (b. 1944)
4 Sep 2013 - 9 May 2017 James Comey (b. 1960)
9 May 2017 - 2 Aug 2017 Andrew G. McCabe (acting) (b. 1968)
2 Aug 2017 - Christopher Wray (b. 1966)
14 Jun 1930 Bureau of Narcotics (under Department of the Treasury)
8 Apr 1968 Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs (under Department
of Justice)
28 Jan 1972 Office of Drug Abuse Law Enforcement (ODALE)
1 Jul 1973 Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
Commissioners
1930 - 1962 Harry J. Anslinger (b. 1892 - d. 1975)
1962 - 1968 Henry Giordano (b. 1914 - d. 2003)
1968 - 1973 John E. Ingersoll
Director (of ODALE)
28 Jan 1972 - 1973 Myles J. Ambrose (b. 1926 - d. 2014)
Administrators
Oct 1973 - 30 May 1975 John R. Bartels, Jr.
30 May 1975 - 23 Jan 1976 Henry S. Dogin (acting) (b. 1934)
23 Jan 1976 - 10 Jul 1981 Peter B. Bensinger (b. 1936)
(acting to 23 Feb 1976)
10 Jul 1981 - 1 Mar 1985 Francis M. Mullen, Jr. (b. 1934)
(acting to 10 Nov 1983)
1 Mar 1985 - 23 Mar 1990 John C. Lawn (b. 1935)
(acting to 26 Jul 1985)
23 Mar 1990 - 13 Aug 1990 Terrance M. Burke (acting)
13 Aug 1990 - Oct 1993 Robert C. Bonner (b. 1942)
15 Apr 1994 - 2 Jul 1999 Thomas A. Constantine (b. 1938 - d. 2015)
2 Jul 1999 - Jun 2001 Donnie R. Marshall (b. 1947)
(acting to 2 Jun 2000)
8 Aug 2001 - 29 Jan 2003 Asa Hutchinson (b. 1950)
29 Jan 2003 - 17 Sep 2003 John B. Brown III (acting)
17 Sep 2003 - Nov 2007 Karen Tandy (f) (b. 1953)
Nov 2007 - 13 May 2015 Michele M. Leonhart (f) (b. 1956)
(acting to Dec 2010)
13 May 2015 - 1 Oct 2017 Chuck Rosenberg (acting) (b. 1960)
1 Oct 2017 - 30 Jun 2018 Robert W. Patterson (acting)
1 Jul 2018 - 3 Jul 2018 Preston L. Grubbs (acting)
3 Jul 2018 - 19 May 2020 Uttam Dhillon (acting) (b. 1960)
19 May 2020 - 20 Jan 2021 Tim Shea (acting)
20 Jan 2021 - 28 Jun 2021 D. Christopher Evans (acting)
28 Jun 2021 - Anne Milgram (f) (b. 1970)
1 Jul 1972 Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms within
Treasury Department
24 Jan 2003 Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
within Justice Department
Directors
1972 - 1979 Rex Davis (b. 1924 - d. 2008)
1979 - 1982 G.R. Dickerson (b. 1927 - d. 2019)
1982 - 1993 Stephen Higgins (b. 1938)
Oct 1993 - 20 Dec 1999 John Magaw (b. 1935)
20 Dec 1999 - 3 Jan 2004 Bradley A. Buckles (b. 1949)
Jan 2004 - Apr 2004 Edgar A. Domenech (1st time)
(acting)
18 Apr 2004 - Aug 2006 Carl J. Truscott (b. 1957)
Aug 2006 - Sep 2006 Edgar A. Domenech (2nd time)
(acting)
Sep 2006 - 20 Jan 2009 Michael J. Sullivan (acting) (b. 1954)
20 Jan 2009 - 12 Apr 2009 Ronnie A. Carter (acting) (b. 1953?)
12 Apr 2009 - 30 Aug 2011 Kenneth E. Melson (acting)
30 Aug 2011 - 1 Apr 2015 B. Todd Jones (b. 1957)
(acting to 29 Aug 2013)
1 Apr 2015 - 30 Apr 2019 Thomas E. Brandon (acting)
1 May 2019 - 31 May 2021 Regina Lombardo (f) (acting)
4 Jun 2021 - 25 Apr 2022 Marvin G. Richardson (acting)
25 Apr 2022 - 13 Jul 2022 Gary Restaino (acting) (b. 1968)
13 Jul 2022 - Steve Dettelbach (b. 1965)
3 Mar 1849 Department of the Interior
Secretaries
8 Mar 1849 - 23 Jul 1850 Thomas Ewing (b. 1789 - d. 1871)
23 Jul 1850 - 15 Aug 1850 Daniel C. Goddard (1st time) (b. 1822 - d. 1852)
(acting)
15 Aug 1850 - 27 Aug 1850 Thomas M.T. McKennan (b. 1794 - d. 1852)
27 Aug 1850 - 16 Sep 1850 Daniel C. Goddard (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
16 Sep 1850 - 4 Mar 1853 Alexander H.H. Stuart (b. 1807 - d. 1891)
7 Mar 1853 - 4 Mar 1857 Robert McClelland (b. 1807 - d. 1880)
6 Mar 1857 - 4 Mar 1861 Jacob Thompson (b. 1810 - d. 1885)
6 Mar 1861 - 7 Jan 1863 Caleb B. Smith (b. 1808 - d. 1864)
8 Jan 1863 - 14 May 1865 John P. Usher (b. 1816 - d. 1889)
15 May 1865 - 26 Jul 1866 James Harlan (b. 1820 - d. 1899)
27 Jul 1866 - 4 Mar 1869 Orville H. Browning (b. 1806 - d. 1881)
5 Mar 1869 - 31 Oct 1870 Jacob D. Cox (b. 1828 - d. 1900)
1 Nov 1870 - 18 Oct 1875 Columbus Delano (b. 1809 - d. 1896)
19 Oct 1875 - 4 Mar 1877 Zachariah Chandler (b. 1813 - d. 1879)
12 Mar 1877 - 4 Mar 1881 Carl Schurz (b. 1829 - d. 1906)
5 Mar 1881 - 5 Jun 1882 Samuel J. Kirkwood (b. 1813 - d. 1894)
6 Jun 1882 - 4 Mar 1885 Henry M. Teller (b. 1830 - d. 1914)
6 Mar 1885 - 15 Jan 1888 Lucius Q.C. Lamar (b. 1825 - d. 1893)
16 Jan 1888 - 4 Mar 1889 William F. Vilas (b. 1840 - d. 1908)
7 Mar 1889 - 4 Mar 1893 John W. Noble (b. 1831 - d. 1912)
6 Mar 1893 - 24 Aug 1896 Hoke Smith (b. 1855 - d. 1931)
24 Aug 1896 - 4 Mar 1897 David R. Francis (b. 1850 - d. 1927)
5 Mar 1897 - 20 Feb 1899 Cornelius N. Bliss (b. 1833 - d. 1911)
20 Feb 1899 - 4 Mar 1907 Ethan A. Hitchcock (b. 1835 - d. 1909)
4 Mar 1907 - 4 Mar 1909 James R. Garfield (b. 1865 - d. 1950)
Mar 1909 - 12 Mar 1911 Richard A. Ballinger (b. 1858 - d. 1922)
13 Mar 1911 - 4 Mar 1913 Walter L. Fisher (b. 1862 - d. 1935)
6 Mar 1913 - 29 Feb 1920 Franklin Knight Lane (b. 1864 - d. 1921)
13 Mar 1920 - 4 Mar 1921 John Barton Payne (b. 1855 - d. 1935)
5 Mar 1921 - 4 Mar 1923 Albert B. Fall (b. 1861 - d. 1944)
5 Mar 1923 - 24 Jul 1928 Hubert Work (b. 1860 - d. 1942)
25 Jul 1928 - 4 Mar 1929 Roy O. West (b. 1868 - d. 1958)
5 Mar 1929 - 4 Mar 1933 Ray Lyman Wilbur (b. 1875 - d. 1949)
4 Mar 1933 - 15 Feb 1946 Harold L. Ickes (b. 1874 - d. 1952)
18 Mar 1946 - 30 Nov 1949 Julius A. Krug (b. 1907 - d. 1970)
1 Dec 1949 - 20 Jan 1953 Oscar L. Chapman (b. 1896 - d. 1978)
21 Jan 1953 - 15 Apr 1956 Douglas McKay (b. 1893 - d. 1959)
8 Jun 1956 - 20 Jan 1961 Fred A. Seaton (b. 1909 - d. 1974)
21 Jan 1961 - 20 Jan 1969 Stewart L. Udall (b. 1920 - d. 2010)
21 Jan 1969 - 25 Nov 1970 Walter J. Hickel (b. 1919 - d. 2010)
30 Jan 1971 - 30 Apr 1975 Rogers C.B. Morton (b. 1914 - d. 1979)
13 Jun 1975 - 25 Jul 1975 Stanley K. Hathaway (b. 1924 - d. 2005)
25 Jul 1975 - 17 Oct 1975 Kent Frizzell (acting) (b. 1929 - d. 2016)
17 Oct 1975 - 20 Jan 1977 Thomas S. Kleppe (b. 1919 - d. 2007)
23 Jan 1977 - 20 Jan 1981 Cecil D. Andrus (b. 1931 - d. 2017)
21 Jan 1981 - 8 Nov 1983 James G. Watt (b. 1938)
21 Nov 1983 - 6 Feb 1985 William P. Clark (b. 1931 - d. 2013)
7 Feb 1985 - 20 Jan 1989 Donald P. Hodel (b. 1935)
3 Feb 1989 - 20 Jan 1993 Manuel Lujan, Jr. (b. 1928 - d. 2019)
22 Jan 1993 - 20 Jan 2001 Bruce Babbitt (b. 1938)
20 Jan 2001 - 31 Jan 2001 Thomas N. Slonaker (acting) (b. 1934)
31 Jan 2001 - 31 Mar 2006 Gale Norton (f) (b. 1954)
1 Apr 2006 - 26 May 2006 Lynn Scarlett (f) (acting) (b. 1949)
26 May 2006 - 20 Jan 2009 Dirk Kempthorne (b. 1951)
21 Jan 2009 - 12 Apr 2013 Ken Salazar (b. 1955)
12 Apr 2013 - 20 Jan 2017 Sally Jewell (f) (b. 1956)
20 Jan 2017 - 1 Mar 2017 Kevin Haugrud (acting)
1 Mar 2017 - 2 Jan 2019 Ryan Zinke (b. 1961)
2 Jan 2019 - 20 Jan 2021 David Bernhardt (b. 1969)
(acting to 11 Apr 2019)
20 Jan 2021 - 16 Mar 2021 Scott de la Vega (acting)
16 Mar 2021 - Deb Haaland (f) (b. 1960)
Commissioners of Indian Affairs
11 Mar 1824 - 1830 Thomas L. McKenney (b. 1785 - d. 1859)
30 Sep 1830 - 1832 Samuel S. Hamilton
Aug 1831 - 1836 Elbert Herring (b. 1777 - d. 1876)
4 Jul 1836 - 1838 Carey A. Harris
22 Oct 1838 - 28 Oct 1845 T. Hartley Crawford (b. 1786 - d. 1863)
28 Oct 1845 - 1849 William Medill (b. 1802 - d. 1865)
30 Jun 1849 - 1850 Orlando Brown (b. 1801 - d. 1867)
1 Jul 1850 - 1853 Luke Lea (b. 1810 - d. 1898)
24 Mar 1853 - 1857 George W. Manypenny (b. 1808 - d. 1892)
17 Apr 1857 - Jun 1857 James W. Denver (1st time) (b. 1817 - d. 1892)
14 Jun 1858 - 1858 Charles E. Mix
8 Nov 1858 - 31 Mar 1859 James W. Denver (2nd time) (s.a.)
4 May 1859 - 13 Mar 1861 Alfred B. Greenwood (b. 1811 - d. 1889)
13 Mar 1861 - 1865 William P. Dole
10 Jul 1865 - 1866 Dennis N. Cooley
1 Nov 1866 - 1867 Lewis V. Bogy (b. 1813 - d. 1877)
29 Mar 1867 - 21 Apr 1869 Nathaniel G. Taylor (b. 1819 - d. 1887)
21 Apr 1869 - 1871 Ely S. Parker (b. 1828 - d. 1895)
1871 H.R. Clum (1st time) (acting)
21 Nov 1871 - 1872 Francis A. Walker (b. 1840 - d. 1897)
1872 - 1873 H.R. Clum (2nd time) (acting)
20 Mar 1873 - 1875 Edward P. Smith (b. 1827 - d. 1876)
11 Dec 1875 - 1877 John Q. Smith (b. 1824 - d. 1901)
20 Sep 1877 - 1880 Ezra A. Hayt (b. 1823 - d. 1902)
1880 E.M. Marble (acting)
15 Mar 1880 - 1881 R.E. Trowbridge (b. 1821 - d. 1881)
6 May 1881 - 1884 Hiram Price (b. 1814 - d. 1901)
21 Mar 1885 - 1888 John D.C. Atkins (b. 1825 - d. 1908)
10 Oct 1888 - 1889 John H. Oberly (b. 1837 - d. 1899)
30 Jun 1889 - 1893 Thomas J. Morgan (b. 1839 - d. 1902)
18 Apr 1893 - 1897 Daniel M. Browning (b. 1846 - d. 1903)
3 May 1897 - 1905 William A. Jones
1 Jan 1905 - 1909 Francis E. Leupp (b. 1849 - d. 1918)
19 Jun 1909 - 1913 Robert G. Valentine (b. 1872 - d. 1916)
2 Jun 1913 - 1921 Cato Sells (b. 1859 - d. 1948)
7 May 1921 - 1929 Charles H. Burke (b. 1861 - d. 1944)
18 Apr 1929 - 1933 Charles J. Rhoads (b. 1872 - d. 1956)
21 Apr 1933 - 1945 John Collier (b. 1884 - d. 1968)
6 Mar 1945 - 1948 William A. Brophy (b. 1903 - d. 1962)
1948 - 1949 William R. Zimmerman (acting)
13 Apr 1949 - 1950 John R. Nichols
5 May 1950 - 20 Mar 1953 Dillon S. Myer (b. 1891 - d. 1982)
10 Aug 1953 - 1961 Glenn L. Emmons (b. 1895 - d. 1980)
26 Sep 1961 - 1966 Philleo Nash (b. 1909 - d. 1987)
27 Apr 1966 - 1969 Robert L. Bennett (b. 1912 - d. 2002)
8 Aug 1969 - 1972 Louis R. Bruce (b. 1905 - d. 1989)
3 Dec 1973 - 1976 Morris Thompson (b. 1939 - d. 2000)
7 Dec 1976 - 1977 Benjamin Reifel (b. 1906 - d. 1990)
Assistant Secretaries of the Interior for Indian Affairs
1977 - 1980 Forrest J. Gerard (b. 1925 - d. 2013)
1981 - 1984 Kenneth L. Smith (b. 1935 - d. 2020)
1985 - Jan 1989 Ross Swimmer (b. 1943)
1989 Pat Ragsdale (acting)
1989 - 1993 Eddie Frank Brown (b. 1945)
Jul 1993 - 12 Nov 1997 Ada E. Deer (f) (b. 1935)
12 Nov 1997 - 20 Jan 2001 Kevin Gover (b. 1955)
20 Jan 2001 - 4 Jul 2001 James H. McDivitt (acting)
4 Jul 2001 - 6 Jan 2003 Neal A. McCaleb (b. 1935)
6 Jan 2003 - 2 Feb 2004 Aurene M. Martin (f) (acting) (b. 1965?)
2 Feb 2004 - 12 Feb 2005 Dave Anderson (b. 1953?)
12 Feb 2005 - 8 Mar 2007 Jim Cason (acting)
8 Mar 2007 - 23 May 2008 Carl J. Artman (b. 1965)
23 May 2008 - 22 May 2009 George T. Skibine (acting) (b. 1952)
22 May 2009 - 27 Apr 2012 Larry EchoHawk (b. 1948)
27 Apr 2012 - 9 Oct 2012 Donald Laverdure (acting)
9 Oct 2012 - 1 Jan 2016 Kevin K. Washburn (b. 1967)
1 Jan 2016 - 20 Jan 2017 Lawrence S. Roberts (acting)
20 Jan 2017 - Oct 2017 Michael S. Black (acting)
Oct 2017 - 30 Jul 2018 John Tahsuda (acting)
30 Jul 2018 - 20 Jan 2021 Tara Katuk Mac Lean Sweeney (f) (b. 1973)
Feb 2021 - Bryan Newland
(acting to 8 Sep 2021)
1902 Service of Reclamation within U.S. Geological Survey
1907 separate service within Department of the Interior
1923 renamed Bureau of Reclamation
Chief Engineer in Charge of the Service of Reclamation
1902 - 1907 Frederick H. Newell (b. 1862 - d. 1932)
Directors of the Service of Reclamation
1907 - 1914 Frederick H. Newell (s.a.)
1914 - 1923 Arthur Powel Davis (b. 1861 - d. 1933)
Commissioners of Reclamation
1923 - 1924 David W. Davis (b. 1873 - d. 1959)
1924 - 26 Jan 1936 Elwood Mead (b. 1858 - d. 1936)
1936 - 1943 John C. Page (b. 1887 - d. 1955)
1943 - 1945 Harry W. Bashore (b. 1880 - d. 1973)
1945 - 1953 Michael W. Straus (b. 1897 - d. 1970)
1953 Goodrich W. Lineweaver (acting) (b. 1887 - d. 1961)
1953 - 1959 Wilbur A. Dexheimer (b. 1901 - d. 1974)
1 May 1959 - 1 Dec 1969 Floyd E. Dominy (b. 1909 - d. 2010)
1969 - 1973 Ellis L. Armstrong (b. 1914 - d. 2001)
1973 - 1977 Gilbert G. Stamm (b. 1911 - d. 1989)
1977 Donald D. Anderson (acting)
1977 - 1981 R. Keith Higginson (b. 1930 - d. 2007)
1981 Clifford I. Barrett (1st time)
(acting)
1981 - 1984 Robert N. Broadbent (b. 1926 - d. 2003)
1984 - 1985 Robert N. Olsen (acting)
1985 Clifford I. Barrett (2nd time)
(acting)
1986 - 1989 C. Dale Duvall (b. 1933 - d. 2020)
Jul 1989 - Nov 1989 Joe D. Hall (acting)
1989 - 1993 Dennis B. Underwood (b. 1944 - d. 2005)
1993 - 1995 Daniel Beard (b. 1943)
1995 Stephen P. Magnussen (acting)
1995 - 2001 Eluid L. Martinez (b. 1944)
2001 J. William McDonald (1st time)
(acting)
17 Jul 2001 - 14 Apr 2006 John W. Keys III (b. 1942 - d. 2008)
14 Apr 2006 - 17 Oct 2006 William Rinne (acting)
17 Oct 2006 - Jan 2009 Robert W. Johnson
Jan 2009 - 1 Jun 2009 J. William McDonald (2nd time)
(acting)
1 Jun 2009 - Mar 2014 Michael L. Connor (b. 1963?)
Mar 2014 - 19 Dec 2014 Lowell Pimley (acting) (b. 1957?)
19 Dec 2014 - 20 Jan 2017 Estevan López
20 Jan 2017 - 20 Apr 2017 David Murillo (acting)
20 Apr 2017 - 11 Dec 2017 Alan Mikkelsen (acting)
11 Dec 2017 - Jan 2021 Brenda Burman (f) (b. 1967)
Jan 2021 - Camille Touton (f)
(acting to 15 Dec 2021)
Commissioners of Fish and Fisheries
1871 - 1887 Spencer F. Baird (b. 1823 - d. 1887)
1887 - 1888 George B. Goode (acting) (b. 1851 - d. 1896)
1888 - 1895 Marshall McDonald (b. 1835 - d. 1895)
1895 - 1896 Herbert A. Gill (acting)
1896 - 1898 John J. Brice
1898 - 1903 George M. Bowers (b. 1863 - d. 1925)
Chiefs of the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries
1903 - 1913 George M. Bowers (s.a.)
1913 - 1922 Hugh M. Smith (b. 1865 - d. 1941)
13 May 1922 - 15 Apr 1933 Henry O'Malley (b. 1876 - d. 1936)
1933 - 1939 Frank T. Bell
1939 - 1940 Charles Jackson (acting)
Chiefs of the Bureau of Biological Survey (1885-86 Office of Economic Ornithology and
Mammalogy; 1886-96 Division of Economic Ornithology and Mammalogy; 1896-1905 Division
of Biological Survey)
1885 - 1910 Clinton Hart Merriam (b. 1855 - d. 1942)
1910 - 1916 Henry W. Henshaw (b. 1850 - d. 1930)
1916 - 1927 Edward W. Nelson (b. 1855 - d. 1934)
1927 - 1934 Paul G. Redington (b. 1878 - d. 1942)
1934 - 1935 Jay N. Darling (b. 1876 - d. 1962)
1935 - 1940 Ira N. Gabrielson (b. 1889 - d. 1977)
Directors of the Fish and Wildlife Service
1940 - 1946 Ira N. Gabrielson (s.a.)
1946 - 1953 Albert M. Day (b. 1897 - d. 1979)
1953 - 1957 John L. Farley
Chiefs of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
1957 - 1967 Donald L. McKernan (b. 1918 - d. 1979)
1967 - 1970 Harold E. Crowther
Chiefs of the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife
14 Mar 1957 - 15 Oct 1964 Daniel H. Janzen
1 Dec 1964 - Oct 1970 John S. Gottschalk (b. 1912 - d. 1999)
Dec 1970 - Aug 1973 Spencer H. Smith
Oct 1973 - 30 Jun 1974 Lynn A. Greenwalt (b. 1931)
Directors of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
1 Jul 1974 - Jan 1981 Lynn A. Greenwalt (s.a.)
9 Nov 1981 - 28 Sep 1985 Robert A. Jantzen (b. 1928)
29 Sep 1985 - 7 May 1986 F. Eugene Hester (acting)
8 May 1986 - 15 Mar 1989 Frank H. Dunkle (b. 1924 - d. 1993)
16 Mar 1989 - 11 Jun 1989 Susan Recce Lamson (f) (acting)
12 Jun 1989 - 3 Aug 1989 Steve Robinson (acting)
4 Aug 1989 - 1993 John F. Turner (b. 1942)
10 Sep 1993 - 5 Jun 1996 Mollie H. Beattie (f) (b. 1947 - d. 1996)
31 Jul 1997 - 20 Jan 2001 Jamie R. Clark (f)
20 Jan 2001 - 21 Feb 2002 Marshall Jones (acting)
21 Feb 2002 - 16 Mar 2005 Steven A. Williams (b. 1957?)
16 Mar 2005 - 12 Oct 2005 Matt Hogan (acting) (b. 1967?)
12 Oct 2005 - Jan 2009 Dale Hall
Jan 2009 - 1 Sep 2009 Rowan Gould (1st time) (acting)
1 Sep 2009 - 20 Feb 2010 Sam D. Hamilton (b. 1955 - d. 2010)
Feb 2010 - 1 Jul 2011 Rowan Gould (2nd time) (acting)
1 Jul 2011 - 20 Jan 2017 Daniel M. Ashe
20 Jan 2017 - 19 Jun 2017 Jim Kurth (1st time) (acting)
19 Jun 2017 - 16 Aug 2018 Greg Sheehan (acting)
Aug 2018 - Nov 2018 Jim Kurth (2nd time) (acting)
Nov 2018 - 6 Jan 2020 Margaret Everson (f) (acting)
6 Jan 2020 - 19 Jan 2021 Aurelia Skipwith (f) (b. 1980)
20 Jan 2021 - Martha Williams (f) (acting)
Director of the Geographical Surveys West of the 100th Meridian¹
1872 - 1879 George M. Wheeler (b. 1842 - d. 1905)
Director of the Geological Exploration of the Fortieth Parallel¹
1867 - 1879 Clarence R. King (b. 1842 - d. 1901)
Director of the U.S. Geographical and Geological Survey of the Rocky Mountain Region
1869 - 1879 John Wesley Powell (b. 1834 - d. 1902)
Director of the U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories
1867 - 1879 Ferdinand V. Hayden (b. 1829 - d. 1887)
Directors of the U.S. Geological Survey
1879 - 1881 Clarence R. King (s.a.)
1881 - 1894 John Wesley Powell (s.a.)
1894 - 1907 Charles D. Walcott (b. 1850 - d. 1927)
1907 - 1930 George O. Smith (b. 1871 - d. 1944)
1930 - 1943 Walter C. Mendenhall (b. 1871 - d. 1957)
1943 - 1956 William E. Wrather (b. 1883 - d. 1963)
1956 - 1965 Thomas B. Nolan (b. 1901 - d. 1992)
1965 - 1971 William T. Pecora (b. 1913 - d. 1972)
1971 - 1978 Vincent E. McKelvey (b. 1916 - d. 1987)
1978 - 1981 Henry William Menard (b. 1920 - d. 1986)
1981 - 1993 Dallas L. Peck (b. 1929 - d. 2005)
1994 - 1997 Gordon P. Eaton (b. 1929)
13 Nov 1998 - 20 Jun 2005 Charles G. Groat (b. 1940)
20 Jun 2005 - 26 Sep 2006 P. Patrick Leahy (acting) (b. 1947)
26 Sep 2006 - Jan 2009 Mark Myers (b. 1954?)
Jan 2009 - Oct 2009 Suzette Kimball (f) (1st time)
(acting)
Oct 2009 - 15 Feb 2013 Marcia McNutt (f) (b. 1952)
15 Feb 2013 - 20 Jan 2017 Suzette Kimball (f) (2nd time)
(acting to 8 Jan 2016)
20 Jan 2017 - 14 May 2018 William Werkheiser (acting)
14 May 2018 - Jan 2021 James F. Reilly II (b. 1954)
Jan 2021 - Dave Applegate
(acting to 15 Aug 2022)
¹Survey dependent on the Department of War/Office of the Chief Engineer.
General Superintendent and Landscape Engineer for the National Parks
1914 - 1915 Mark Daniels
General Superintendent of National Parks
1915 - 1916 Robert Marshall
Directors of the National Park Service
16 May 1917 - 8 Jan 1929 Stephen T. Mather (b. 1867 - d. 1930)
12 Jan 1929 - 9 Aug 1933 Horace M. Albright (b. 1890 - d. 1987)
10 Aug 1933 - 9 Aug 1940 Arno B. Cammerer (b. 1860 - d. 1940)
20 Aug 1940 - 31 Mar 1951 Newton B. Drury (b. 1889 - d. 1978)
1 Apr 1951 - 8 Dec 1951 Arthur E. Demaray (b. 1887 - d. 1958)
9 Dec 1951 - 7 Jan 1964 Conrad L. Wirth (b. 1899 - d. 1993)
8 Jan 1964 - 31 Dec 1972 George B. Hartzog, Jr. (b. 1920 - d. 2008)
1 Jan 1973 - 3 Jan 1975 Ronald H. Walker (b. 1937)
13 Jan 1975 - 27 May 1977 Gary E. Everhardt (b. 1936 - d. 2020)
5 Jul 1977 - 13 May 1980 William J. Whalen (b. 1940 - d. 2006)
15 May 1980 - 3 Mar 1985 Russell E. Dickenson (b. 1923 - d. 2008)
1 May 1985 - 15 Apr 1989 William Penn Mott (b. 1910 - d. 1992)
17 Apr 1989 - 20 Jan 1993 James M. Ridenour (b. 1942)
1 Jun 1993 - 29 Mar 1997 Roger G. Kennedy (b. 1926 - d. 2011)
4 Aug 1997 - 20 Jan 2001 Robert Stanton (b. 1940)
17 Jul 2001 - 16 Oct 2006 Fran P. Mainella (f) (b. 1947)
17 Oct 2006 - 20 Jan 2009 Mary A. Bomar (f) (b. 1944 - d. 2022)
20 Jan 2009 - 2 Oct 2009 Daniel N. Wenk (acting)
2 Oct 2009 - 3 Jan 2017 Jon Jarvis (b. 1953)
3 Jan 2017 - 24 Jan 2018 Michael T. Reynolds (acting)
24 Jan 2018 - 30 Sep 2019 P. Daniel Smith (acting)
1 Oct 2019 - Sep 2020 David Vela (acting)
Sep 2020 - 20 Jan 2021 Margaret Everson (f) (acting)
20 Jan 2021 - 16 Dec 2021 Shawn Benge (acting)
16 Dec 2021 - Charles F. Sams III
15 May 1862 Department of Agriculture created
9 Feb 1889 commissioner becomes a cabinet secretary
Commissioners
1862 - 1867 Isaac Newton (b. 1800 - d. 1867)
1867 John W. Stokes
1867 - 1871 Horace Capron (b. 1804 - d. 1885)
1871 - 1877 Frederick Watts (b. 1801 - d. 1889)
1877 - 1881 William G. LeDuc (b. 1823 - d. 1917)
1881 - 1885 George B. Loring (b. 1817 - d. 1891)
1885 - 9 Feb 1889 Norman J. Colman (b. 1827 - d. 1911)
Secretaries
9 Feb 1889 - 4 Mar 1889 Norman J. Colman (s.a.)
6 Mar 1889 - 4 Mar 1893 Jeremiah M. Rusk (b. 1830 - d. 1893)
7 Mar 1893 - 4 Mar 1897 J. Sterling Morton (b. 1832 - d. 1902)
6 Mar 1897 - 4 Mar 1913 James Wilson (b. 1835 - d. 1920)
6 Mar 1913 - 2 Feb 1920 David F. Houston (b. 1866 - d. 1940)
2 Feb 1920 - 4 Mar 1921 Edwin T. Meredith (b. 1876 - d. 1928)
5 Mar 1921 - 25 Oct 1924 Henry C. Wallace (b. 1866 - d. 1924)
22 Nov 1924 - 4 Mar 1925 Howard M. Gore (b. 1877 - d. 1947)
5 Mar 1925 - 4 Mar 1929 William M. Jardine (b. 1879 - d. 1955)
6 Mar 1929 - 4 Mar 1933 Arthur M. Hyde (b. 1877 - d. 1947)
4 Mar 1933 - 4 Sep 1940 Henry A. Wallace (b. 1888 - d. 1965)
5 Sep 1940 - 29 Jun 1945 Claude R. Wickard (b. 1893 - d. 1967)
30 Jun 1945 - 10 May 1948 Clinton P. Anderson (b. 1895 - d. 1975)
2 Jun 1948 - 20 Jan 1953 Charles F. Brannan (b. 1903 - d. 1992)
21 Jan 1953 - 20 Jan 1961 Ezra Taft Benson (b. 1899 - d. 1994)
21 Jan 1961 - 20 Jan 1969 Orville L. Freeman (b. 1918 - d. 2003)
21 Jan 1969 - 17 Nov 1971 Clifford M. Hardin (b. 1915 - d. 2010)
22 Dec 1971 - 4 Oct 1976 Earl L. Butz (b. 1909 - d. 2008)
4 Oct 1976 - 20 Jan 1977 John A. Knebel (acting) (b. 1936)
23 Jan 1977 - 20 Jan 1981 Bob Bergland (b. 1928 - d. 2018)
23 Jan 1981 - 14 Feb 1986 John R. Block (b. 1935)
7 Mar 1986 - 20 Jan 1989 Richard Lyng (b. 1918 - d. 2003)
16 Feb 1989 - 1 Mar 1991 Clayton K. Yeutter (b. 1930 - d. 2017)
12 Mar 1991 - 20 Jan 1993 Edward Madigan (b. 1936 - d. 1994)
22 Jan 1993 - 31 Dec 1994 Mike Espy (b. 1953)
31 Dec 1994 - 30 Mar 1995 Bob Nash (acting) (b. 1947)
30 Mar 1995 - 20 Jan 2001 Dan Glickman (b. 1944)
20 Jan 2001 - 21 Jan 2005 Ann Veneman (f) (b. 1949)
21 Jan 2005 - 20 Sep 2007 Mike Johanns (b. 1950)
20 Sep 2007 - 28 Jan 2008 Chuck Conner (acting) (b. 1957)
28 Jan 2008 - 20 Jan 2009 Edward T. Schafer (b. 1946)
21 Jan 2009 - 13 Jan 2017 Tom Vilsack (1st time) (b. 1950)
13 Jan 2017 - 25 Apr 2017 Michael Scuse (acting) (b. 1954)
25 Apr 2017 - 20 Jan 2021 Sonny Perdue (b. 1946)
20 Jan 2021 - 24 Feb 2021 Kevin Shea (acting)
24 Feb 2021 - Tom Vilsack (2nd time) (s.a.)
1881 Division of Forestry
1901 Bureau of Forestry
1905 Forest Service
Special Agent
1876 - 1880 Franklin B. Hough (b. 1822 - d. 1885)
Chiefs
1881 - 1883 Franklin B. Hough (s.a.)
1883 - 1886 Nathaniel H. Egleston (b. 1822 - d. 1912)
1886 - 1898 Bernhard E. Fernow (b. 1851 - d. 1923)
Foresters
1898 - 1910 Gifford Pinchot (b. 1865 - d. 1946)
1910 - 1920 Henry S. Graves (b. 1871 - d. 1951)
1920 - 1928 William B. Greeley (b. 1879 - d. 1955)
1928 - 1933 Robert Y. Stuart (b. 1883 - d. 1933)
1933 - 1935 Ferdinand A. Silcox (b. 1882 - d. 1939)
Chiefs
1935 - 1939 Ferdinand A. Silcox (s.a.)
1939 - 1943 Earle H. Clapp (acting) (b. 1877 - d. 1970)
1943 - 1952 Lyle F. Watts (b. 1890 - d. 1962)
1952 - 1962 Richard E. McArdle (b. 1899 - d. 1983)
1962 - 1972 Edward P. Cliff (b. 1909 - d. 1987)
1972 - 1979 John R. McGuire (b. 1916 - d. 2002)
1979 - 2 Feb 1987 R. Max Peterson (b. 1927)
Feb 1987 - 28 Oct 1993 F. Dale Robertson (b. 1940)
28 Oct 1993 - 1 Dec 1993 Dave Unger (1st time) (acting) (b. 1932 - d. 2019)
1 Dec 1993 - 2 Dec 1996 Jack Ward Thomas (b. 1934 - d. 2016)
2 Dec 1996 - 6 Jan 1997 Dave Unger (2nd time) (acting) (s.a.)
6 Jan 1997 - 31 Mar 2001 Mike Dombeck (b. 1948)
12 Apr 2001 - 2 Feb 2007 Dale Bosworth (b. 1945)
5 Feb 2007 - 3 Jul 2009 Gail Kimbell (f) (b. 1953)
3 Jul 2009 - 1 Sep 2017 Tom Tidwell (b. 1954?)
1 Sep 2017 - 8 Mar 2018 Tony Tooke (b. 1962?)
8 Mar 2018 - 26 Jul 2021 Vicki Christiansen (f) (b. 1959?)
(acting to 11 Oct 2018)
26 Jul 2021 - Randy Moore (b. 1954?)
14 Feb 1903 Department of Commerce and Labor
4 Mar 1913 divided into Department of Commerce and Department of Labor
Secretaries of Commerce and Labor
18 Feb 1903 - 30 Jun 1904 George B. Cortelyou (b. 1862 - d. 1940)
1 Jul 1904 - 16 Dec 1906 Victor H. Metcalf (b. 1853 - d. 1936)
17 Dec 1906 - 5 Mar 1909 Oscar S. Straus (b. 1850 - d. 1926)
6 Mar 1909 - 4 Mar 1913 Charles Nagel (b. 1849 - d. 1940)
Secretaries of Commerce
5 Mar 1913 - 31 Oct 1919 William C. Redfield (b. 1858 - d. 1932)
16 Dec 1919 - 4 Mar 1921 Joshua W. Alexander (b. 1852 - d. 1936)
5 Mar 1921 - 21 Aug 1928 Herbert Hoover (b. 1874 - d. 1964)
22 Aug 1928 - 4 Mar 1929 William F. Whiting (b. 1864 - d. 1936)
5 Mar 1929 - 7 Aug 1932 Robert P. Lamont (b. 1867 - d. 1948)
8 Aug 1932 - 3 Mar 1933 Roy D. Chapin (b. 1880 - d. 1936)
4 Mar 1933 - 23 Dec 1938 Daniel C. Roper (b. 1867 - d. 1943)
24 Dec 1938 - 18 Sep 1940 Harry L. Hopkins (b. 1890 - d. 1946)
19 Sep 1940 - 1 Mar 1945 Jesse H. Jones (b. 1874 - d. 1956)
2 Mar 1945 - 20 Sep 1946 Henry A. Wallace (b. 1888 - d. 1965)
7 Oct 1946 - 22 Apr 1948 Averell Harriman (b. 1891 - d. 1986)
6 May 1948 - 20 Jan 1953 Charles Sawyer (b. 1887 - d. 1979)
21 Jan 1953 - 10 Nov 1958 Sinclair Weeks (b. 1893 - d. 1972)
13 Nov 1958 - 30 Jun 1959 Lewis L. Strauss (b. 1896 - d. 1974)
10 Aug 1959 - 19 Jan 1961 Frederick H. Muller (b. 1893 - d. 1976)
21 Jan 1961 - 15 Jan 1965 Luther H. Hodges (b. 1898 - d. 1974)
18 Jan 1965 - 31 Jan 1967 John T. Connor (b. 1914 - d. 2000)
14 Jun 1967 - 1 Mar 1968 Alexander B. Trowbridge (b. 1929 - d. 2006)
6 Mar 1968 - 19 Jan 1969 Cyrus R. Smith (b. 1899 - d. 1990)
21 Jan 1969 - 15 Feb 1972 Maurice H. Stans (b. 1908 - d. 1998)
29 Feb 1972 - 1 Feb 1973 Peter G. Peterson (b. 1926 - d. 2018)
2 Feb 1973 - 26 Mar 1975 Frederick B. Dent (b. 1922 - d. 2019)
1 May 1975 - 2 Feb 1976 Rogers C.B. Morton (b. 1914 - d. 1979)
2 Feb 1976 - 20 Jan 1977 Elliot Richardson (b. 1920 - d. 1999)
23 Jan 1977 - 31 Oct 1979 Juanita M. Kreps (f) (b. 1921 - d. 2010)
31 Oct 1979 - 9 Jan 1980 Luther H. Hodges, Jr. (acting) (b. 1936)
9 Jan 1980 - 19 Jan 1981 Philip M. Klutznick (b. 1907 - d. 1999)
20 Jan 1981 - 25 Jul 1987 Malcolm Baldrige (b. 1922 - d. 1987)
25 Jul 1987 - 19 Oct 1987 Clarence J. Brown (acting) (b. 1927 - d. 2022)
19 Oct 1987 - 30 Jan 1989 C. William Verity (b. 1917 - d. 2007)
31 Jan 1989 - 15 Jan 1992 Robert A. Mosbacher (b. 1927 - d. 2010)
27 Jan 1992 - 20 Jan 1993 Barbara H. Franklin (f) (b. 1940)
22 Jan 1993 - 3 Apr 1996 Ron Brown (b. 1941 - d. 1996)
3 Apr 1996 - 12 Apr 1996 Mary Lowe Good (f) (acting) (b. 1931 - d. 2019)
12 Apr 1996 - 21 Jan 1997 Mickey Kantor (b. 1939)
30 Jan 1997 - 15 Jul 2000 William M. Daley (b. 1948)
15 Jul 2000 - 21 Jul 2000 Robert L. Mallett (acting) (b. 1957)
21 Jul 2000 - 20 Jan 2001 Norman Y. Mineta (b. 1931 - d. 2022)
20 Jan 2001 - 7 Feb 2005 Don Evans (b. 1946)
7 Feb 2005 - 20 Jan 2009 Carlos Gutierrez (b. 1953)
20 Jan 2009 - 26 Mar 2009 Otto J. Wolff (acting)
26 Mar 2009 - 1 Aug 2011 Gary Locke (b. 1950)
1 Aug 2011 - 21 Oct 2011 Rebecca M. Blank (f) (1st time) (b. 1955 - d. 2023)
(acting)
21 Oct 2011 - 20 Jun 2012 John Bryson (b. 1943)
20 Jun 2012 - 31 May 2013 Rebecca M. Blank (f) (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
1 Jun 2013 - 26 Jun 2013 Cameron Kerry (acting) (b. 1950)
26 Jun 2013 - 20 Jan 2017 Penny Pritzker (f) (b. 1959)
20 Jan 2017 - 28 Feb 2017 Kenneth E. Hyatt (acting)
28 Feb 2017 - 20 Jan 2021 Wilbur Ross (b. 1937)
20 Jan 2021 - 3 Mar 2021 Wynn Coggins (f) (acting)
3 Mar 2021 - Gina Raimondo (f) (b. 1971)
4 Mar 1913 Department of Labor
Secretaries
6 Mar 1913 - 4 Mar 1921 William B. Wilson (b. 1862 - d. 1934)
5 Mar 1921 - 30 Nov 1930 James J. Davis (b. 1873 - d. 1947)
9 Dec 1930 - 4 Mar 1933 William N. Doak (b. 1882 - d. 1933)
4 Mar 1933 - 30 Jun 1945 Frances Perkins (f) (b. 1880 - d. 1965)
1 Jul 1945 - 10 Jun 1948 Lewis B. Schwellenbach (b. 1894 - d. 1948)
13 Aug 1948 - 20 Jan 1953 Maurice J. Tobin (b. 1901 - d. 1953)
21 Jan 1953 - 10 Sep 1953 Martin P. Durkin (b. 1894 - d. 1955)
9 Oct 1953 - 20 Jan 1961 James P. Mitchell (b. 1900 - d. 1964)
21 Jan 1961 - 20 Sep 1962 Arthur J. Goldberg (b. 1908 - d. 1990)
25 Sep 1962 - 20 Jan 1969 W. Willard Wirtz (b. 1912 - d. 2010)
22 Jan 1969 - 1 Jul 1970 George Shultz (b. 1920 - d. 2021)
2 Jul 1970 - 1 Feb 1973 James D. Hodgson (b. 1915 - d. 2012)
2 Feb 1973 - 15 Mar 1975 Peter J. Brennan (b. 1918 - d. 1996)
18 Mar 1975 - 31 Jan 1976 John T. Dunlop (b. 1914 - d. 2003)
10 Feb 1976 - 20 Jan 1977 W.J. Usery, Jr. (b. 1923 - d. 2016)
27 Jan 1977 - 20 Jan 1981 Ray Marshall (b. 1928)
4 Feb 1981 - 15 Mar 1985 Raymond J. Donovan (b. 1930 - d. 2021)
29 Apr 1985 - 31 Oct 1987 William E. Brock (b. 1930 - d. 2021)
17 Dec 1987 - 20 Jan 1989 Ann D. McLaughlin (f) (b. 1941 - d. 2023)
25 Jan 1989 - 23 Nov 1990 Elizabeth Dole (f) (b. 1936)
23 Nov 1990 - 22 Feb 1991 Roderick A. DeArment (acting) (b. 1947?)
22 Feb 1991 - 20 Jan 1993 Lynn Martin (f) (b. 1939)
22 Jan 1993 - 10 Jan 1997 Robert Reich (b. 1946)
10 Jan 1997 - 1 May 1997 Cynthia Metzler (f) (acting)
1 May 1997 - 20 Jan 2001 Alexis Herman (f) (b. 1947)
31 Jan 2001 - 20 Jan 2009 Elaine Chao (f) (b. 1953)
20 Jan 2009 - 2 Feb 2009 Howard Radzely (acting)
2 Feb 2009 - 24 Feb 2009 Edward C. Hugler (1st time) (b. 1950)
(acting)
24 Feb 2009 - 22 Jan 2013 Hilda Solis (f) (b. 1957)
24 Jan 2013 - 23 Jul 2013 Seth Harris (acting) (b. 1962)
23 Jul 2013 - 20 Jan 2017 Thomas Perez (b. 1961)
20 Jan 2017 - 28 Apr 2017 Edward C. Hugler (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
28 Apr 2017 - 19 Jul 2019 Alexander Acosta (b. 1969)
19 Jul 2019 - 30 Sep 2019 Patrick Pizzella (acting) (b. 1954)
30 Sep 2019 - 20 Jan 2021 Eugene Scalia (b. 1963)
20 Jan 2021 - 23 Mar 2021 Al Stewart (acting)
23 Mar 2021 - 11 Mar 2023 Martin J. Walsh (b. 1967)
11 Mar 2023 - Julie A. Su (f) (acting) (b. 1969)
9 Sep 1965 Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
Secretaries
18 Jan 1966 - 7 Jan 1969 Robert C. Weaver (b. 1907 - d. 1997)
7 Jan 1969 - 20 Jan 1969 Robert C. Wood (b. 1923 - d. 2005)
22 Jan 1969 - 2 Feb 1973 George W. Romney (b. 1907 - d. 1995)
2 Feb 1973 - 10 Mar 1975 James T. Lynn (b. 1927 - d. 2010)
10 Mar 1975 - 20 Jan 1977 Carla A. Hills (f) (b. 1934)
23 Jan 1977 - 24 Sep 1979 Patricia Harris (f) (b. 1924 - d. 1985)
24 Sep 1979 - 20 Jan 1981 Moon Landrieu (b. 1930 - d. 2022)
23 Jan 1981 - 20 Jan 1989 Samuel R. Pierce, Jr. (b. 1922 - d. 2000)
13 Feb 1989 - 20 Jan 1993 Jack Kemp (b. 1935 - d. 2009)
22 Jan 1993 - 29 Jan 1997 Henry G. Cisneros (b. 1947)
29 Jan 1997 - 20 Jan 2001 Andrew Cuomo (b. 1957)
20 Jan 2001 - 24 Jan 2001 William C. Apgar (acting)
24 Jan 2001 - 12 Dec 2003 Mel Martinez (b. 1946)
12 Dec 2003 - 18 Apr 2008 Alphonso Jackson (b. 1945)
(acting to 1 Apr 2004)
18 Apr 2008 - 5 Jun 2008 Roy Bernardi (acting) (b. 1942)
5 Jun 2008 - 20 Jan 2009 Steven Preston (b. 1960)
20 Jan 2009 - 26 Jan 2009 Brian D. Montgomery (acting)
26 Jan 2009 - 28 Jul 2014 Shaun Donovan (b. 1966)
28 Jul 2014 - 20 Jan 2017 Julián Castro (b. 1974)
20 Jan 2017 - 2 Mar 2017 Craig T. Clemmensen (acting)
2 Mar 2017 - 20 Jan 2021 Ben Carson (b. 1951)
20 Jan 2021 - 10 Mar 2021 Matt Ammon (acting)
10 Mar 2021 - Marcia Fudge (f) (b. 1952)
15 Oct 1966 Department of Transportation
Secretaries
16 Jan 1967 - 20 Jan 1969 Alan S. Boyd (b. 1922 - d. 2020)
22 Jan 1969 - 1 Feb 1973 John A. Volpe (b. 1908 - d. 1994)
2 Feb 1973 - 1 Feb 1975 Claude S. Brinegar (b. 1926 - d. 2009)
2 Feb 1975 - 6 Mar 1975 John W. Barnum (acting)
7 Mar 1975 - 20 Jan 1977 William T. Coleman, Jr. (b. 1920 - d. 2017)
23 Jan 1977 - 20 Jul 1979 Brock Adams (b. 1927 - d. 2004)
21 Jul 1979 - 15 Aug 1979 W. Graham Clayton, Jr. (acting) (b. 1912 - d. 1994)
15 Aug 1979 - 20 Jan 1981 Neil Goldschmidt (b. 1940)
23 Jan 1981 - 1 Feb 1983 Andrew L. Lewis, Jr. (b. 1931 - d. 2016)
7 Feb 1983 - 30 Sep 1987 Elizabeth Dole (f) (b. 1936)
1 Oct 1987 - 20 Jan 1989 James H. Burnley IV (b. 1948)
(acting to 2 Dec 1987)
6 Feb 1989 - 16 Dec 1991 Samuel Skinner (b. 1938)
16 Dec 1991 - 23 Feb 1992 James B. Busey IV (acting) (b. 1932)
24 Feb 1992 - 20 Jan 1993 Andrew H. Card, Jr. (b. 1947)
21 Jan 1993 - 14 Feb 1997 Federico F. Peña (b. 1947)
14 Feb 1997 - 20 Jan 2001 Rodney E. Slater (b. 1955)
20 Jan 2001 - 25 Jan 2001 Mortimer L. Downey (acting) (b. 1936)
25 Jan 2001 - 7 Jul 2006 Norman Y. Mineta (b. 1931 - d. 2022)
8 Jul 2006 - 17 Oct 2006 Maria Cino (f) (acting) (b. 1957)
17 Oct 2006 - 20 Jan 2009 Mary Peters (f) (b. 1948)
23 Jan 2009 - 2 Jul 2013 Ray LaHood (b. 1945)
2 Jul 2013 - 20 Jan 2017 Anthony Foxx (b. 1971)
20 Jan 2017 - 31 Jan 2017 Michael Huerta (acting) (b. 1956)
31 Jan 2017 - 11 Jan 2021 Elaine Chao (f) (b. 1953)
11 Jan 2021 - 20 Jan 2021 Steven G. Bradbury (acting) (b. 1958)
20 Jan 2021 - 3 Feb 2021 Lana Hurdle (f) (acting)
3 Feb 2021 - Pete Buttigieg (b. 1982)
20 May 1926 Aeronautics Branch of the Department of Commerce
1 Jul 1934 Bureau of Air Commerce under Department of Commerce
22 Aug 1938 Civil Aeronautics Authority (independent agency)
30 Jun 1940 Civil Aeronautics Administration under Department of Commerce
31 Dec 1958 Federal Aviation Agency (independent agency)
1 Apr 1967 Federal Aviation Administration under Department of
Transportation
Assistant Secretaries of Commerce for Aeronautics
11 Aug 1926 - 1 Oct 1929 William P. MacCracken, Jr. (b. 1888 - d. 1969)
1 Oct 1929 - 15 Jun 1933 Clarence M. Young (b. 1889 - d. 1973)
Director of Aeronautics
19 Sep 1933 - 30 Jun 1934 Eugene L. Vidal (b. 1895 - d. 1969)
Directors of Air Commerce
1 Jul 1934 - 28 Feb 1937 Eugene L. Vidal (s.a.)
1 Mar 1937 - 15 Apr 1938 Fred D. Fagg, Jr. (b. 1896 - d. 1981)
16 Apr 1938 - 21 Aug 1938 Denis Mulligan
Chairmen
22 Aug 1938 - 12 Apr 1939 Edward J. Noble (b. 1882 - d. 1958)
12 Apr 1939 - 30 Jun 1940 Robert H. Hinckley (b. 1892 - d. ...)
Administrator
22 Aug 1934 - 30 Jun 1940 Clinton M. Hester
Administrators of Civil Aeronautics
11 Jul 1940 - 15 Jan 1942 Donald H. Connolly (b. 1886 - d. 1969)
20 Jul 1942 - 23 Sep 1944 Charles I. Stanton (b. 1893 - d. 1986)
23 Sep 1944 - 1 Mar 1948 Theodore P. Wright (b. 1895 - d. 1970)
1 Jun 1948 - 4 Oct 1950 Delos W. Rentzel (b. 1910? - d. 1991)
4 Oct 1950 - 18 May 1951 Donald W. Nyrop (b. 1912 - d. 2010)
18 May 1951 - 6 Mar 1953 Charles F. Horne
27 Apr 1953 - 10 Dec 1955 Frederick B. Lee (b. 1906? - d. 1992)
12 Dec 1955 - 5 Sep 1956 Charles J. Lowen, Jr. (b. ... - d. 1956)
26 Dec 1956 - 30 Dec 1958 James T. Pyle (b. 1913 - d. 1998)
Administrators
31 Dec 1958 - 20 Jan 1961 Elwood R. Quesada (b. 1904 - d. 1993)
20 Jan 1961 - 3 Mar 1961 James T. Pyle (acting) (s.a.)
3 Mar 1961 - 1 Jul 1965 Najeeb E. Halaby (b. 1915 - d. 2003)
1 Jul 1965 - 31 Jul 1968 William F. McKee (b. 1906 - d. 1987)
31 Jul 1968 - 24 Mar 1969 David D. Thomas (acting) (b. 1912? - d. 1998)
24 Mar 1969 - 14 Mar 1973 John H. Shaffer (b. 1919 - d. 1997)
14 Mar 1973 - 31 Mar 1975 Alexander P. Butterfield (b. 1926)
31 Mar 1975 - 24 Nov 1975 James E. Dow (acting) (b. 1921 - d. 1988)
24 Nov 1975 - 1 Apr 1977 John L. McLucas (b. 1920 - d. 2002)
4 May 1977 - 20 Jan 1981 Langhorne M. Bond (b. 1937 - d. 2022)
22 Apr 1981 - 31 Jan 1984 J. Lynn Helms (b. 1925 - d. 2011)
31 Jan 1984 - 10 Apr 1984 Michael J. Fenello (acting) (b. 1916 - d. 1997)
10 Apr 1984 - 2 Jul 1987 Donald D. Engen (b. 1924 - d. 1999)
22 Jul 1987 - 17 Feb 1989 T. Allan McArtor (b. 1942)
30 Jun 1989 - 4 Dec 1991 James B. Busey IV (b. 1932)
4 Dec 1991 - 27 Jun 1992 Barry L. Harris (acting)
27 Jun 1992 - 20 Jan 1993 Thomas C. Richards (b. 1930 - d. 2020)
10 Aug 1993 - 9 Nov 1996 David R. Hinson (b. 1933)
9 Nov 1996 - 31 Jan 1997 Linda Hall Daschle (f) (acting) (b. 1955)
1 Feb 1997 - 4 Aug 1997 Barry L. Valentine (acting) (b. 1943)
4 Aug 1997 - 4 Aug 2002 Jane F. Garvey (f) (b. 1944)
4 Aug 2002 - 13 Sep 2002 Monte Belger (acting)
13 Sep 2002 - 13 Sep 2007 Marion Blakey (f) (b. 1948)
14 Sep 2007 - 16 Jan 2009 Robert A. Sturgell (acting) (b. 1959)
16 Jan 2009 - 1 Jun 2009 Lynne A. Osmus (f) (acting)
1 Jun 2009 - 6 Dec 2011 Randy Babbitt (b. 1946)
6 Dec 2011 - 7 Jan 2018 Michael Huerta (b. 1956)
(acting to 9 Jan 2013)
7 Jan 2018 - 12 Aug 2019 Daniel K. Elwell (acting)
12 Aug 2019 - 31 Mar 2022 Stephen M. Dickson (b. 1957)
1 Apr 2022 - Billy Nolen (acting)
29 Jun 1936 Maritime Commission
24 May 1950 Maritime Administration (under Department of Commerce)
6 Aug 1981 under Department of Transportation
Maritime Administrators
26 Sep 1936 - 15 Apr 1937 Henry A. Wiley (b. 1867 - d. 1943)
16 Apr 1937 - 17 Feb 1938 Joseph P. Kennedy (b. 1888 - d. 1969)
18 Feb 1938 - 15 Jan 1946 Emory S. Land (b. 1879 - d. 1971)
3 Jun 1946 - 16 Apr 1949 William W. Smith (b. 1888 - d. 1966)
6 Jun 1949 - 23 May 1950 Philip B. Fleming (b. 1887 - d. 1955)
8 Aug 1950 - 1 Oct 1952 E.L. Cochrane
2 Oct 1952 - 30 Jun 1953 Albert W. Gatov (b. 1907 - d. 1978)
1 Jul 1953 - 25 Feb 1955 Louis S. Rothschild (b. 1900 - d. 1984)
16 Mar 1955 - 1 May 1960 Clarence G. Morse (b. 1904 - d. 1985)
1 Jul 1960 - 22 Feb 1961 Ralph E. Wilson (b. 1902 - d. 1990)
23 Feb 1961 - 8 Oct 1961 Thomas E. Staken
9 Oct 1961 - 31 Oct 1963 Donald W. Alexander (b. 1904 - d. 1994)
2 Mar 1964 - 30 Jun 1966 Nicholas Johnson (b. 1934)
25 Mar 1969 - 6 Jul 1972 Andrew E. Gibson (b. 1922 - d. 2001)
7 Jul 1972 - 9 Apr 1979 Robert J. Blackwell (b. 1925?)
19 Jul 1979 - 31 Jul 1981 Samuel B. Nemirow (acting to 1980) (b. 1940)
19 Oct 1981 - 31 May 1985 Harold E. Shear (b. 1918 - d. 1999)
26 Nov 1985 - 26 Mar 1989 John A. Gaughan (b. 1947)
11 Oct 1989 - 20 Jan 1993 Warren G. Leback (b. 1924 - d. 2019)
14 Sep 1993 - 30 Jun 1997 Albert J. Herberger (b. 1931 - d. 2022)
30 Jun 1997 - 6 Aug 1998 John E. Graykowski (1st time)
(acting)
6 Aug 1998 - Jan 2000 Clyde J. Hart, Jr. (b. 1946)
Jan 2000 - 2001 John E. Graykowski (2nd time)
(acting)
2001 - 6 Dec 2001 Bruce Carlton (acting)
6 Dec 2001 - 12 Feb 2005 William G. Schubert
12 Feb 2005 - 1 May 2006 John Jamian (acting) (b. 1954)
1 May 2006 - 6 Sep 2006 Julie A. Nelson (f) (acting)
6 Sep 2006 - 20 Jan 2009 Sean T. Connaughton (b. 1961)
20 Jan 2009 - 30 Jul 2009 James E. Caponiti (acting)
30 Jul 2009 - 4 Jun 2013 David T. Matsuda (b. 1972)
(acting to 25 Jun 2010)
4 Jun 2013 - 7 Jan 2017 Paul N. Jaenichen, Sr. (b. 1960)
(acting to 25 Jul 2014)
7 Jan 2017 - Jan 2017 Michael J. Rodriguez (acting)
Jan 2017 - 16 Aug 2017 Joel Szabat (acting)
16 Aug 2017 - 11 Jan 2021 Mark H. Buzby (b. 1956)
12 Jan 2021 - 21 Jan 2021 Douglas Burnett (acting)
21 Jan 2021 - 16 May 2022 Lucinda Lessley (f) (acting) (b. 1973)
16 May 2022 - Ann Phillips (f)
4 Aug 1977 Department of Energy
Secretaries
5 Aug 1977 - 24 Aug 1979 James R. Schlesinger (b. 1929 - d. 2014)
24 Aug 1979 - 20 Jan 1981 Charles W. Duncan, Jr. (b. 1926 - d. 2022)
23 Jan 1981 - 5 Nov 1982 James B. Edwards (b. 1927 - d. 2014)
5 Nov 1982 - 7 Feb 1985 Donald P. Hodel (b. 1935)
(acting to 9 Dec 1982)
7 Feb 1985 - 20 Jan 1989 John S. Herrington (b. 1939)
9 Mar 1989 - 20 Jan 1993 James D. Watkins (b. 1927 - d. 2012)
22 Jan 1993 - 13 Mar 1997 Hazel O'Leary (f) (b. 1937)
13 Mar 1997 - 18 Aug 1998 Federico F. Peña (b. 1947)
18 Aug 1998 - 20 Jan 2001 Bill Richardson (b. 1947)
20 Jan 2001 - 1 Feb 2005 Spencer Abraham (b. 1952)
1 Feb 2005 - 20 Jan 2009 Samuel Bodman (b. 1938 - d. 2018)
21 Jan 2009 - 23 Apr 2013 Steven Chu (b. 1948)
23 Apr 2013 - 21 May 2013 Daniel Poneman (acting) (b. 1956)
21 May 2013 - 20 Jan 2017 Ernest Moniz (b. 1944)
20 Jan 2017 - 2 Mar 2017 Grace Bochenek (f) (acting)
2 Mar 2017 - 1 Dec 2019 Rick Perry (b. 1950)
2 Dec 2019 - 20 Jan 2021 Dan Brouillette (b. 1962)
(acting to 4 Dec 2019)
20 Jan 2021 - 25 Feb 2021 David Huizenga (acting)
25 Feb 2021 - Jennifer Granholm (f) (b. 1959)
Chairmen 1 Nov 1946 - 15 Feb 1950 David E. Lilienthal (b. 1899 - d. 1981) 11 Jul 1950 - 30 Jun 1953 Gordon Dean (b. 1905 - d. 1958) 2 Jul 1953 - 30 Jun 1958 Lewis L. Strauss (b. 1896 - d. 1974) 14 Jul 1958 - 20 Jan 1961 John A. McCone (b. 1902 - d. 1991) 1 Mar 1961 - 16 Aug 1971 Glenn T. Seaborg (b. 1912 - d. 1999) 17 Aug 1971 - 26 Jan 1973 James R. Schlesinger (b. 1929 - d. 2014) 6 Feb 1973 - 18 Jan 1975 Dixy Lee Ray (f) (b. 1914 - d. 1994)
1939 Federal Security Agency
11 Apr 1953 Department of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW)
27 Sep 1979 divided into Department of Health and Human Services
(HHS) and Department of Education
Administrators of the Federal Security Agency
1939 - 1945 Paul V. McNutt (b. 1891 - d. 1955)
1945 - 1947 Watson B. Miller (b. 1878 - d. 1961)
1947 - Jan 1953 Oscar R. Ewing (b. 1889 - d. 1980)
Jan 1953 - 11 Apr 1953 Oveta Culp Hobby (f) (b. 1905 - d. 1995)
Secretaries of Health, Education and Welfare
11 Apr 1953 - 31 Jul 1955 Oveta Culp Hobby (f) (s.a.)
1 Aug 1955 - 31 Jul 1958 Marion B. Folsom (b. 1893 - d. 1976)
1 Aug 1958 - 20 Jan 1961 Arthur S. Flemming (b. 1905 - d. 1996)
21 Jan 1961 - 13 Jul 1962 Abraham A. Ribicoff (b. 1910 - d. 1998)
31 Jul 1962 - 17 Aug 1965 Anthony J. Celebrezze (b. 1910 - d. 1998)
18 Aug 1965 - 1 Mar 1968 John W. Gardner (b. 1912 - d. 2002)
16 Mar 1968 - 20 Jan 1969 Wilbur J. Cohen (b. 1913 - d. 1987)
21 Jan 1969 - 24 Jun 1970 Robert H. Finch (b. 1925 - d. 1995)
24 Jun 1970 - 29 Jan 1973 Elliot Richardson (b. 1920 - d. 1999)
12 Feb 1973 - 8 Aug 1975 Caspar Weinberger (b. 1917 - d. 2006)
8 Aug 1975 - 20 Jan 1977 Forrest D. Mathews (b. 1935)
25 Jan 1977 - 3 Aug 1979 Joseph A. Califano, Jr. (b. 1931)
3 Aug 1979 - 27 Sep 1979 Patricia Harris (f) (b. 1924 - d. 1985)
Secretaries of Health and Human Services
27 Sep 1979 - 20 Jan 1981 Patricia Harris (f) (s.a.)
22 Jan 1981 - 3 Feb 1983 Richard S. Schweiker (b. 1926 - d. 2015)
9 Mar 1983 - 13 Dec 1985 Margaret M. Heckler (f) (b. 1931 - d. 2018)
13 Dec 1985 - 20 Jan 1989 Otis R. Bowen (b. 1918 - d. 2013)
1 Mar 1989 - 20 Jan 1993 Louis W. Sullivan (b. 1933)
22 Jan 1993 - 20 Jan 2001 Donna Shalala (f) (b. 1941)
20 Jan 2001 - 2 Feb 2001 David Satcher (acting) (b. 1941)
2 Feb 2001 - 26 Jan 2005 Tommy G. Thompson (b. 1941)
26 Jan 2005 - 20 Jan 2009 Mike Leavitt (b. 1951)
20 Jan 2009 - 28 Apr 2009 Charles E. Johnson (acting)
28 Apr 2009 - 9 Jun 2014 Kathleen Sebelius (f) (b. 1948)
9 Jun 2014 - 20 Jan 2017 Sylvia Mathews Burwell (f) (b. 1965)
20 Jan 2017 - 10 Feb 2017 Norris Cochran (1st time) (acting)
10 Feb 2017 - 29 Sep 2017 Tom Price (b. 1954)
29 Sep 2017 - 29 Jan 2018 Don Wright (acting)
29 Jan 2018 - 20 Jan 2021 Alex Azar (b. 1967)
20 Jan 2021 - 19 Mar 2021 Norris Cochran (2nd time) (acting)
19 Mar 2021 - Xavier Becerra (b. 1958)
1798 Marine Hospital Service
1 Jul 1902 Public Health and Marine Hospital Service
14 Aug 1912 Public Health Service
1939 under the Federal Security Agency
1953 under the Department of Health, Education and Welfare
1979 under the Department of Health and Human Services
Surgeons General
29 Mar 1871 - 14 Mar 1879 John Maynard Woodworth (b. 1837 - d. 1879)
(Supervising Surgeon to 3 Mar 1875,
then Supervising Surgeon General)
3 Apr 1879 - 1 Jun 1891 John B. Hamilton (b. 1847 - d. 1898)
(Supervising Surgeon General)
1 Jun 1891 - 21 Nov 1911 Walter Wyman (b. 1848 - d. 1911)
(Supervising Surgeon General to 1902)
13 Jan 1912 - 3 Mar 1920 Rupert Blue (b. 1868 - d. 1948)
3 Mar 1920 - 6 Apr 1936 Hugh Cumming (b. 1869 - d. 1948)
6 Apr 1936 - 6 Apr 1948 Thomas Parran (b. 1892 - d. 1968)
6 Apr 1948 - 8 Aug 1956 Leonard A. Scheele (b. 1907 - d. 1993)
1 Aug 1956 - 29 Jan 1961 LeRoy Edgar Burney (b. 1906 - d. 1998)
2 Mar 1961 - 1 Oct 1965 Luther Leonidas Terry (b. 1911 - d. 1985)
1 Oct 1965 - 1 Aug 1969 William H. Stewart (b. 1921 - d. 2008)
18 Dec 1969 - 30 Jun 1973 Jesse Leonard Steinfeld (b. 1927 - d. 2014)
1 Jul 1973 - 13 Jul 1977 S. Paul Ehrlich, Jr. (acting) (b. 1932 - d. 2005)
13 Jul 1977 - 14 May 1981 Julius B. Richmond (b. 1916 - d. 2008)
14 May 1981 - 21 Jan 1982 Edward Brandt, Jr. (acting) (b. 1933 - d. 2007)
21 Jan 1982 - 1 Oct 1989 C. Everett Koop (b. 1916 - d. 2013)
1 Oct 1989 - 9 Mar 1990 James O. Mason (acting) (b. 1930 - d. 2019)
9 Mar 1990 - 30 Jun 1993 Antonia Coello Novello (f) (b. 1944)
1 Jul 1993 - 8 Sep 1993 Robert A. Whitney (acting) (b. 1935)
8 Sep 1993 - 31 Dec 1994 Joycelyn Elders (f) (b. 1933)
1 Jan 1995 - 1 Jul 1997 Audrey F. Manley (f) (acting) (b. 1934)
13 Feb 1998 - Feb 2002 David Satcher (b. 1941)
Feb 2002 - 5 Aug 2002 Kenneth Moritsugu (1st time) (b. 1946?)
(acting)
5 Aug 2002 - 29 Jul 2006 Richard Carmona (b. 1949)
29 Jul 2006 - 4 Oct 2007 Kenneth Moritsugu (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
4 Oct 2007 - 1 Oct 2009 Steven K. Galson (acting) (b. 1956)
1 Oct 2009 - 3 Nov 2009 Donald L. Weaver (acting)
3 Nov 2009 - 17 Jul 2013 Regina Benjamin (f) (b. 1956)
17 Jul 2013 - 18 Dec 2014 Boris D. Lushniak (acting)
18 Dec 2014 - 21 Apr 2017 Vivek Murthy (1st time) (b. 1977)
21 Apr 2017 - 5 Sep 2017 Sylvia Trent-Adams (f) (acting) (b. 1965?)
5 Sep 2017 - 20 Jan 2021 Jerome Adams (b. 1974)
26 Jan 2021 - 25 Mar 2021 Susan Orsega (f) (acting)
25 Mar 2021 - Vivek Murthy (2nd time) (s.a.)
1901 Bureau of Chemistry within Department of Agriculture
1927 Food, Drug and Insecticide Administration
1930 Food and Drug Administration
1940 under the Federal Security Agency
1953 under the Department of Health, Education and Welfare
1968 under the Public Health Service
Chiefs
1901 - 15 Mar 1912 Harvey Washington Wiley (b. 1844 - d. 1930)
16 Dec 1912 - 15 Jul 1921 Carl L. Alsberg (b. 1877 - d. 1940)
16 Jul 1921 - 30 Jun 1924 Walter G. Campbell (1st time) (b. 1877 - d. 1963)
1 Jul 1924 - 30 Jun 1927 Charles A. Browne (b. 1870 - d. 1947)
1 Jul 1927 - 1940 Walter G. Campbell (2nd time) (s.a.)
Commissioners
1940 - 30 Apr 1944 Walter G. Campbell (s.a.)
6 May 1944 - 31 May 1951 Paul B. Dunbar (b. 1882 - d. 1968)
1 Jun 1951 - 31 Jul 1954 Charles Crawford (b. 1888 - d. 1957)
12 Aug 1954 - 27 Dec 1965 George P. Larrick (b. 1901 - d. 1968)
17 Jan 1966 - 1 Jul 1968 James L. Goddard (b. 1923 - d. 2009)
1 Jul 1968 - 12 Dec 1969 Herbert Ley, Jr. (b. 1923 - d. 2001)
13 Dec 1969 - 15 Mar 1973 Charles Edwards (b. 1923 - d. 2011)
15 Mar 1973 - 20 Jul 1973 Sherwin Gardner (1st time) (b. 1928)
(acting)
20 Jul 1973 - 30 Nov 1976 Alexander M. Schmidt (b. 1930 - d. 1991)
30 Nov 1976 - 4 Apr 1977 Sherwin Gardner (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
4 Apr 1977 - 30 Jun 1979 Donald Kennedy (b. 1931 - d. 2020)
30 Jun 1979 - 21 Oct 1979 Sherwin Gardner (3rd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
21 Oct 1979 - 20 Jan 1981 Jere E. Goyan (b. 1927 - d. 2007)
20 Jan 1981 - 13 Apr 1981 Mark Novitch (1st time) (acting) (b. 1932 - d. 2019)
13 Apr 1981 - 11 Sep 1983 Arthur Hull Hayes, Jr. (b. 1933 - d. 2010)
11 Sep 1983 - 15 Jul 1984 Mark Novitch (2nd time) (acting) (s.a.)
15 Jul 1984 - 17 Dec 1989 Frank E. Young (b. 1931 - d. 2019)
17 Dec 1989 - 8 Nov 1990 James S. Benson (acting) (b. 1939 - d. 2018)
8 Nov 1990 - 28 Feb 1997 David A. Kessler (b. 1951)
28 Feb 1997 - 15 Dec 1998 Michael A. Friedman (acting)
15 Dec 1998 - 19 Jan 2001 Jane E. Henney (f) (b. 1947)
19 Jan 2001 - 25 Feb 2002 Bernard Schwetz (acting) (b. 1940)
25 Feb 2002 - 14 Nov 2002 Lester M. Crawford (1st time) (b. 1938)
(acting)
14 Nov 2002 - 26 Mar 2004 Mark B. McClellan (b. 1963)
26 Mar 2004 - 23 Sep 2005 Lester M. Crawford (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting to 18 Jul 2005)
23 Sep 2005 - 20 Jan 2009 Andrew C. von Eschenbach (b. 1941)
(acting to Dec 2006)
20 Jan 2009 - 30 Mar 2009 Frank M. Torti (acting) (b. 1947)
30 Mar 2009 - 22 May 2009 Joshua Sharfstein (acting) (b. 1970)
22 May 2009 - 1 Apr 2015 Margaret Hamburg (f) (b. 1955)
1 Apr 2015 - 25 Feb 2016 Stephen Ostroff (1st time)
(acting)
25 Feb 2016 - 20 Jan 2017 Robert M. Califf (1st time) (b. 1951)
20 Jan 2017 - 11 May 2017 Stephen Ostroff (2nd time)
(acting)
11 May 2017 - 5 Apr 2019 Scott Gottlieb (b. 1972)
5 Apr 2019 - 6 Nov 2019 Norman Sharpless (acting) (b. 1966)
6 Nov 2019 - 17 Dec 2019 Brett P. Giroir (acting) (b. 1960)
17 Dec 2019 - 20 Jan 2021 Stephen Hahn (b. 1960)
20 Jan 2021 - 17 Feb 2022 Janet Woodcock (f) (acting) (b. 1948)
17 Feb 2022 - Robert M. Califf (2nd time) (s.a.)
5 Apr 1933 Emergency Conservation Work 28 Jun 1937 Civilian Conservation Corps 25 Apr 1939 under the Federal Security Agency 30 Jun 1943 abolished National directors 5 Apr 1933 - 31 Dec 1939 Robert Fechner (b. 1876 - d. 1939) 15 Feb 1940 - 30 Jun 1943 James J. McEntee (b. 1884 - d. 1957)
1867 Department of Education established as a non-cabinet agency
1868 Office of Education
1869 Bureau of Education
1930 Office of Education
1939 under the Federal Security Agency
1953 under the Department of Health, Education and Welfare
1979 Department of Education
Commissioners
1867 - 1870 Henry Barnard (b. 1811 - d. 1900)
1870 - 1886 John Eaton, Jr. (b. 1820 - d. 1906)
1886 - 1889 Nathaniel H.R. Dawson
1889 - 1906 William T. Harris (b. 1835 - d. 1909)
1906 - 1911 Elmer E. Brown (b. 1861 - d. 1934)
1911 - 1921 Philander P. Claxton (b. 1862 - d. 1957)
1921 - 1928 John J. Tigert IV (b. 1882 - d. 1965)
1928 - 1933 William J. Cooper
1933 - 1934 George F. Zook (b. 1885 - d. 1951)
1934 - 1948 John W. Studebaker (b. 1887 - d. 1989)
1948 - 1949 Rall I. Grigsby (acting)
1949 - 1953 Earl J. McGrath (b. 1902 - d. 1993)
1953 - 1956 Samuel M. Brownell (b. 1900 - d. 1990)
1956 - 1961 Lawrence G. Derthick (b. 1905 - d. 1992)
1961 - 1962 Sterling M. McMurrin (b. 1914 - d. 1996)
1962 - 1965 Francis Keppel (b. 1916 - d. 1990)
1965 - 1968 Harold Howe II (b. 1918 - d. 2002)
1969 - 1970 James E. Allen, Jr. (b. 1911 - d. 1971)
1970 - 1972 Sidney P. Marland (b. 1914 - d. 1992)
1974 - 1976 Terrel H. Bell (b. 1921 - d. 1996)
1977 - 1979 Ernest L. Boyer (b. 1928 - d. 1995)
Secretaries
27 Sep 1979 - 20 Jan 1981 Shirley Hufstedler (f) (b. 1925 - d. 2016)
20 Jan 1981 - 7 Feb 1985 Terrel H. Bell (s.a.)
7 Feb 1985 - 20 Sep 1988 William Bennett (b. 1943)
20 Sep 1988 - 15 Dec 1990 Lauro F. Cavazos (b. 1927 - d. 2022)
15 Dec 1990 - 22 Mar 1991 Ted Sanders (acting)
22 Mar 1991 - 20 Jan 1993 Lamar Alexander (b. 1940)
22 Jan 1993 - 20 Jan 2001 Richard W. Riley (b. 1933)
20 Jan 2001 - 31 Jan 2005 Rod Paige (b. 1933)
31 Jan 2005 - 20 Jan 2009 Margaret Spellings (f) (b. 1957)
21 Jan 2009 - 31 Dec 2015 Arne Duncan (b. 1964)
1 Jan 2016 - 20 Jan 2017 John B. King, Jr. (b. 1975)
(acting to Mar 2016)
20 Jan 2017 - 7 Feb 2017 Phil Rosenfelt (1st time) (acting)
7 Feb 2017 - 8 Jan 2021 Betsy DeVos (f) (b. 1958)
8 Jan 2021 - 20 Jan 2021 Mick Zais (acting) (b. 1946)
20 Jan 2021 - 2 Mar 2021 Phil Rosenfelt (2nd time) (acting)
2 Mar 2021 - Miguel Cardona (b. 1975)
1922 Veterans Bureau
21 Jul 1930 Veterans Administration
15 Mar 1989 Department of Veterans Affairs
Directors
1922 - 1923 Charles R. Forbes (b. 1877 - d. 1952)
1923 - 1930 Frank T. Hines (b. 1879 - d. 1960)
Administrators
1930 - 1945 Frank T. Hines (s.a.)
1945 - 1947 Omar N. Bradley (b. 1893 - d. 1981)
1 Jan 1948 - 1953 Carl R. Gray (b. 1889 - d. 1955)
Jul 1953 - 1957 Harvey V. Higley (b. 1892 - d. 1986)
Dec 1957 - 1961 Sumner G. Whittier (b. 1911 - d. 2010)
1961 - 1964 John S. Gleason (b. 1915 - d. 1993)
1965 - 1969 William J. Driver (b. 1918 - d. 1985)
1969 - 1974 Donald E. Johnson (b. 1924 - d. 1999)
1974 - 1977 Richard L. Roudebush (b. 1918 - d. 1995)
1977 - 1981 Max Cleland (b. 1942 - d. 2021)
1981 - 1982 Robert P. Nimmo (b. 1922 - d. 2005)
1982 - 1986 Harry N. Walters (b. 1936 - d. 2019)
1986 - 1989 Thomas K. Turnage (b. 1923 - d. 2000)
1 Mar 1989 - 15 Mar 1989 Edward J. Derwinski (b. 1926 - d. 2012)
Secretaries
15 Mar 1989 - 26 Sep 1992 Edward J. Derwinski (s.a.)
26 Sep 1992 - 20 Jan 1993 Anthony J. Principi (1st time) (b. 1944)
(acting)
22 Jan 1993 - 1 Jul 1997 Jesse Brown (b. 1944 - d. 2002)
1 Jul 1997 - 2 Jan 1998 Hershel W. Gober (1st time) (b. 1936)
(acting)
2 Jan 1998 - 25 Jul 2000 Togo D. West, Jr. (b. 1942 - d. 2018)
(acting to 5 May 1998)
25 Jul 2000 - 20 Jan 2001 Hershel W. Gober (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
24 Jan 2001 - 1 Feb 2005 Anthony J. Principi (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Feb 2005 - 1 Oct 2007 Jim Nicholson (b. 1938)
1 Oct 2007 - 20 Dec 2007 Gordon H. Mansfield (acting) (b. 1941 - d. 2013)
20 Dec 2007 - 20 Jan 2009 James Peake (b. 1944)
21 Jan 2009 - 30 May 2014 Eric K. Shinseki (b. 1942)
30 May 2014 - 30 Jul 2014 Sloan D. Gibson (acting) (b. 1952?)
30 Jul 2014 - 20 Jan 2017 Robert McDonald (b. 1953)
20 Jan 2017 - 14 Feb 2017 Bob Snyder (acting)
14 Feb 2017 - 28 Mar 2018 David Shulkin (b. 1959)
28 Mar 2018 - 29 May 2018 Robert Wilkie (1st time) (acting) (b. 1962)
29 May 2018 - 30 Jul 2018 Peter O'Rourke (acting)
30 Jul 2018 - 20 Jan 2021 Robert Wilkie (2nd time) (s.a.)
20 Jan 2021 - 9 Feb 2021 Dat Tran (acting)
9 Feb 2021 - Denis McDonough (b. 1969)
8 Oct 2001 Office of Homeland Security (within Executive Office of the
President)
24 Jan 2003 Department of Homeland Security
Director
8 Oct 2001 - 24 Jan 2003 Tom Ridge (b. 1945)
Secretaries
24 Jan 2003 - 1 Feb 2005 Tom Ridge (s.a.)
2 Feb 2005 - 15 Feb 2005 James M. Loy (acting) (b. 1942)
15 Feb 2005 - 21 Jan 2009 Michael Chertoff (b. 1953)
21 Jan 2009 - 6 Sep 2013 Janet Napolitano (f) (b. 1957)
6 Sep 2013 - 23 Dec 2013 Rand Beers (acting) (b. 1942)
23 Dec 2013 - 20 Jan 2017 Jeh Johnson (b. 1957)
20 Jan 2017 Chip Fulghum (acting) (b. c.1962)
20 Jan 2017 - 31 Jul 2017 John F. Kelly (b. 1950)
31 Jul 2017 - 6 Dec 2017 Elaine C. Duke (f) (acting) (b. 1958)
6 Dec 2017 - 10 Apr 2019 Kirstjen Nielsen (f) (b. 1972)
10 Apr 2019 - 13 Nov 2019 Kevin McAleenan (acting) (b. 1971)
13 Nov 2019 - 11 Jan 2021 Chad Wolf (acting) (b. 1976)
12 Jan 2021 - 20 Jan 2021 Peter T. Gaynor (acting) (b. 1958)
20 Jan 2021 - 2 Feb 2021 David Pekoske (acting) (b. 1955)
2 Feb 2021 - Alejandro Mayorkas (b. 1959)
4 Aug 1790 Congress creates a service to enforce customs laws;
alternately known as the system of cutters, Revenue Service,
and Revenue-Marine this service would officially be named the
Revenue Cutter Service (USRCS)
18 Jun 1878 U.S. Life-Saving Service established under the control of the
Treasury Department
28 Jan 1915 Revenue Cutter Service joined with Life-Saving Service to form
U.S. Coast Guard
1 Apr 1967 Coast Guard transferred to Department of Transportation
1 Mar 2003 transferred to Department of Homeland Security
Chiefs
1843 - 1848 Alexander V. Fraser
1848 - 1849 Richard Evans
1869 - 1871 N. Broughton Devereux
1871 - 1878 Sumner I. Kimball (b. 1834 - d. 1923)
1878 - 1885 Ezra Clark
1885 - 1889 Peter Bonnett
28 Dec 1889 - 1 Mar 1895 Leonard G. Shepard (b. 1846 - d. 1895)
19 Mar 1895 - 27 Mar 1905 Charles F. Shoemaker (b. 1841 - d. 1913)
Commandants
25 Apr 1905 - 30 Apr 1911 Worth G. Ross (b. 1854 - d. 1916)
19 Jun 1911 - 30 Jun 1919 Ellsworth P. Bertholf (b. 1866 - d. 1921)
2 Oct 1919 - 11 Jan 1924 William E. Reynolds (b. 1860 - d. 1944)
11 Jan 1924 - 17 May 1932 Frederick C. Billard (b. 1873 - d. 1932)
14 Jun 1932 - 14 Jun 1936 Harry G. Hamlet (b. 1874 - d. 1954)
14 Jun 1936 - 1 Jan 1946 Russell R. Waesche (b. 1886 - d. 1946)
1 Jan 1946 - 31 Dec 1949 Joseph F. Farley (b. 1889 - d. 1974)
1 Jan 1950 - 31 May 1954 Merlin O'Neill (b. 1898 - d. 1981)
1 Jun 1954 - 31 May 1962 Alfred C. Richmond (b. 1902 - d. 1984)
1 Jun 1962 - 31 May 1966 Edwin J. Roland (b. 1905 - d. 1985)
1 Jun 1966 - 31 May 1970 Willard J. Smith (b. 1910 - d. 2000)
1 Jun 1970 - 31 May 1974 Chester R. Bender (b. 1914 - d. 1996)
1 Jun 1974 - 31 May 1978 Owen W. Siler (b. 1922 - d. 2007)
1 Jun 1978 - 28 May 1982 John B. Hayes (b. 1924 - d. 2001)
28 May 1982 - 30 May 1986 James S. Gracey (b. 1927 - d. 2020)
30 May 1986 - 31 May 1990 Paul A. Yost, Jr. (b. 1929 - d. 2022)
31 May 1990 - 31 May 1994 J. William Kime (b. 1934 - d. 2006)
1 Jun 1994 - 31 May 1998 Robert E. Kramek (b. 1939 - d. 2016)
1 Jun 1998 - 30 May 2002 James M. Loy (b. 1942)
30 May 2002 - 25 May 2006 Thomas H. Collins (b. 1946)
25 May 2006 - 25 May 2010 Thad W. Allen (b. 1949)
25 May 2010 - 30 May 2014 Robert J. Papp, Jr. (b. 1952)
30 May 2014 - 1 Jun 2018 Paul F. Zukunft (b. 1955)
1 Jun 2018 - 1 Jun 2022 Karl L. Schultz (b. 1961)
1 Jun 2022 - Linda L. Fagan (f) (b. 1963)
31 Mar 1979 Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) established
1 Mar 2003 transferred to Department of Homeland Security
Directors
Apr 1979 - Jul 1979 Gordon Vickery (acting) (b. 1920 - d. 1996)
Jul 1979 Thomas Casey (acting)
Aug 1979 - Jan 1981 John Macy (b. 1917 - d. 1986)
Jan 1981 - Apr 1981 Bernard Gallagher (acting) (b. 1922 - d. 2000)
Apr 1981 - May 1981 John W. McConnell (acting) (b. 1921 - d. 2001)
May 1981 - Sep 1985 Louis O. Giuffrida (b. 1920 - d. 2012)
Sep 1985 - Nov 1985 Robert H. Morris (1st time)
(acting)
Nov 1985 - Jun 1989 Julius W. Becton, Jr. (b. 1926)
Jun 1989 - May 1990 Robert H. Morris (2nd time)
(acting)
May 1990 - Aug 1990 Jerry D. Jennings (acting)
4 Aug 1990 - Jan 1993 Wallace E. Stickney (b. 1934 - d. 2019)
Jan 1993 - Apr 1993 William C. Tidball (acting)
Apr 1993 - 20 Jan 2001 James Lee Witt (b. 1944)
20 Jan 2001 - 15 Feb 2001 John Magaw (acting) (b. 1935)
15 Feb 2001 - 1 Mar 2003 Joe Allbaugh (b. 1952)
Undersecretaries for Emergency Preparedness and Response
1 Mar 2003 - 12 Sep 2005 Michael D. Brown (b. 1954)
12 Sep 2005 - 8 Jun 2006 R. David Paulison (acting) (b. 1947)
Undersecretary for Federal Emergency Management
8 Jun 2006 - 1 Apr 2007 R. David Paulison (s.a.)
Administrators
1 Apr 2007 - 21 Jan 2009 R. David Paulison (s.a.)
21 Jan 2009 - 19 May 2009 Nancy L. Ward (f) (acting)
19 May 2009 - 20 Jan 2017 W. Craig Fugate (b. 1959)
20 Jan 2017 - 23 Jun 2017 Robert J. Fenton, Jr. (1st time)
(acting)
23 Jun 2017 - 8 Mar 2019 Brock Long (b. 1975)
8 Mar 2019 - 12 Jan 2021 Peter T. Gaynor (b. 1958)
(acting to 16 Jan 2020)
12 Jan 2021 - 26 Apr 2021 Robert J. Fenton, Jr. (2nd time)
(acting)
26 Apr 2021 - Deanne Criswell (f)
1 Mar 2003 transferred to Department of Homeland Security
Chiefs (from 1965, directors)
5 Jul 1865 - 1869 William P. Wood (b. 1820 - d. 1903)
1869 - 1874 Herman C. Whitley
1874 - 1876 Elmer Washburn (b. 1834 - d. 1918)
1876 - 1888 James Brooks
1888 - 1890 John S. Bell
1891 - 1894 A.L. Drummond
1894 - 1898 William P. Hazen
1898 - 1911 John E. Wilkie (b. 1860 - d. 1934)
1912 - 1917 William J. Flynn (b. 1867 - d. 1928)
1917 - 1936 William H. Moran
1937 - 1946 Frank J. Wilson (b. 1887 - d. 1970)
1946 - 1948 James J. Maloney
1948 - 31 Aug 1961 U.E. Baughman (b. 1905 - d. 1978)
1 Sep 1961 - Oct 1973 James J. Rowley (b. 1908 - d. 1992)
Nov 1973 - 30 Nov 1981 H. Stuart Knight (b. 1919 - d. 2009)
Dec 1981 - 1992 John R. Simpson (b. 1932 - d. 2017)
1992 - 30 Sep 1993 John Magaw (b. 1935)
30 Sep 1993 - Dec 1993 Guy P. Caputo (acting) (b. 1947)
Dec 1993 - 1997 Eljay B. Bowron (b. 1951)
Jun 1997 - 1999 Lewis C. Merletti (b. 1948)
4 Mar 1999 - 27 Jan 2003 Brian L. Stafford (b. 1948)
27 Jan 2003 - 31 May 2006 W. Ralph Basham (b. 1943)
31 May 2006 - 22 Feb 2013 Mark J. Sullivan
27 Mar 2013 - 1 Oct 2014 Julia A. Pierson (f) (b. 1959?)
1 Oct 2014 - 4 Mar 2017 Joseph Clancy (b. 1955?)
(acting to 18 Feb 2015)
4 Mar 2017 - 25 Apr 2017 William J. Callahan (acting)
25 Apr 2017 - 1 May 2019 Randolph D. Alles (b. 1954)
1 May 2019 - 18 Sep 2022 James M. Murray (b. 1968?)
18 Sep 2022 - Kimberly A. Cheatle (f)
1891 superintendent of immigration established in
Treasury Department
1913 transferred to Department of Labor
1940 transferred to Department of Justice
1 Mar 2003 abolished; functions taken over by Department of
Homeland Security
Superintendents of Immigration
1 Jul 1891 - 7 Apr 1893 William D. Owen (b. 1846 - d. 1906)
8 Apr 1893 - 1 Mar 1895 Herman Stump (b. 1837 - d. 1917)
Commissioners General of Immigration
2 Mar 1895 - 30 Jun 1897 Herman Stump (s.a.)
1 Jul 1897 - 24 Jun 1902 Terence V. Powderly (b. 1849 - d. 1924)
25 Jun 1902 - 4 Sep 1908 Frank P. Sargent (b. 1854 - d. 1908)
1 Jul 1909 - 31 May 1913 Daniel Keefe (b. 1852 - d. 1929)
1 Jun 1913 - 13 Mar 1921 Anthony J. Caminetti (b. 1854 - d. 1923)
15 Mar 1921 - 15 May 1925 William Husband (b. 1871 - d. 1942)
15 May 1925 - 26 Apr 1933 Harry E. Hull (b. 1864 - d. 1938)
27 Apr 1933 - 9 Aug 1933 Daniel W. MacCormack (b. 1880 - d. 1937)
Commissioners of Naturalization
4 Mar 1913 - 21 Dec 1922 Richard Campbell (b. 1853 - d. 1931)
1 Jan 1923 - 9 Aug 1933 Raymond Crist (b. 1871 - d. 1944)
Commissioners of Immigration and Naturalization
10 Aug 1933 - 1 Jan 1937 Daniel W. MacCormack (s.a.)
26 Aug 1937 - 31 Jul 1940 James L. Houghteling (b. 1881 - d. 1962)
1 Oct 1940 - 19 Jul 1942 Lemuel B. Schofield (b. 1892 - d. 1955)
20 Jul 1942 - 20 Jul 1944 Earl G. Harrison (b. 1899 - d. 1955)
9 Jan 1945 - 26 Aug 1947 Ugo Carusi (b. 1902 - d. 1994)
27 Aug 1947 - 9 Jun 1950 Watson B. Miller (b. 1878 - d. 1961)
23 Apr 1951 - 23 May 1954 Argyle R. Mackey (b. 1898? - d. 1968)
24 May 1954 - 5 Jan 1962 Joseph M. Swing (b. 1894 - d. 1984)
5 Feb 1962 - 31 Mar 1973 Raymond F. Farrell (b. 1906 - d. 2000)
29 Nov 1973 - 12 May 1977 Leonard F. Chapman (b. 1913 - d. 2000)
13 May 1977 - 1 Oct 1979 Leonel J. Castillo (b. 1939 - d. 2013)
22 Feb 1982 - 16 Jun 1989 Alan C. Nelson (b. 1933 - d. 1997)
26 Oct 1989 - 20 Jan 1993 Gene McNary (b. 1935)
18 Oct 1993 - 17 Nov 2000 Doris Meissner (f) (b. 1941)
17 Nov 2000 - 6 Aug 2001 Mary Ann Wyrsch (f) (acting)
6 Aug 2001 - 30 Nov 2002 James W. Ziglar (b. 1945)
1 Dec 2002 - 1 Mar 2003 Michael Garcia (acting)
Ambassadors
21 Dec 1945 - 3 Jun 1946 Edward Stettinius (b. 1900 - d. 1949)
3 Jun 1946 - 13 Jan 1947 Herschel V. Johnson (acting) (b. 1894 - d. 1966)
13 Jan 1947 - 22 Jan 1953 Warren R. Austin (b. 1877 - d. 1962)
23 Jan 1953 - 3 Sep 1960 Henry Cabot Lodge (b. 1902 - d. 1985)
8 Sep 1960 - 21 Jan 1961 James J. Wadsworth (b. 1905 - d. 1984)
21 Jan 1961 - 14 Jul 1965 Adlai E. Stevenson (b. 1900 - d. 1965)
26 Jul 1965 - 14 May 1968 Arthur J. Goldberg (b. 1908 - d. 1990)
14 May 1968 - 4 Oct 1968 George W. Ball (b. 1909 - d. 1994)
4 Oct 1968 - 20 Jan 1969 James Russell Wiggins (b. 1903 - d. 2000)
22 Jan 1969 - 16 Feb 1971 Charles W. Yost (b. 1907 - d. 1981)
16 Feb 1971 - 18 Jan 1973 George Bush (b. 1924 - d. 2018)
3 Feb 1973 - 10 Jun 1975 John A. Scali (b. 1918 - d. 1995)
10 Jun 1975 - 2 Feb 1976 Daniel Patrick Moynihan (b. 1927 - d. 2003)
15 Mar 1976 - 18 Jan 1977 William W. Scranton (b. 1917 - d. 2013)
27 Jan 1977 - 23 Sep 1979 Andrew Young (b. 1927)
23 Sep 1979 - 20 Jan 1981 Donald F. McHenry (b. 1936)
29 Jan 1981 - 1 Apr 1985 Jeane Kirkpatrick (f) (b. 1926 - d. 2006)
17 May 1985 - 8 Mar 1989 Vernon A. Walters (b. 1917 - d. 2002)
8 Mar 1989 - 6 Apr 1992 Thomas R. Pickering (b. 1931)
6 Apr 1992 - 27 Jan 1993 Edward J. Perkins (b. 1928 - d. 2020)
27 Jan 1993 - 21 Jan 1997 Madeleine Albright (f) (b. 1937 - d. 2022)
13 Feb 1997 - 11 Sep 1998 Bill Richardson (b. 1947)
11 Sep 1998 - 25 Aug 1999 A. Peter Burleigh (acting) (b. 1942)
25 Aug 1999 - 20 Jan 2001 Richard Holbrooke (b. 1941 - d. 2010)
20 Jan 2001 - 18 Sep 2001 James B. Cunningham (acting) (b. 1952)
18 Sep 2001 - 25 Jun 2004 John Negroponte (b. 1939)
1 Jul 2004 - 20 Jan 2005 John Danforth (b. 1936)
20 Jan 2005 - 1 Aug 2005 Anne W. Patterson (f) (acting) (b. 1949)
1 Aug 2005 - 9 Dec 2006 John Bolton (b. 1948)
9 Dec 2006 - 23 Apr 2007 Alejandro D. Wolff (1st time) (b. 1956)
(acting)
23 Apr 2007 - 20 Jan 2009 Zalmay Khalilzad (b. 1951)
20 Jan 2009 - 26 Jan 2009 Alejandro D. Wolff (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
26 Jan 2009 - 26 Jun 2013 Susan Rice (f) (b. 1964)
26 Jun 2013 - 2 Aug 2013 Rosemary A. DiCarlo (f) (acting) (b. 1947)
2 Aug 2013 - 20 Jan 2017 Samantha Power (f) (b. 1970)
20 Jan 2017 - 25 Jan 2017 Michele J. Sison (f) (acting) (b. 1959)
25 Jan 2017 - 2 Jan 2019 Nikki Haley (f) (b. 1972)
2 Jan 2019 - 12 Sep 2019 Jonathan R. Cohen (acting) (b. 1964)
12 Sep 2019 - 20 Jan 2021 Kelly Craft (f) (b. 1962)
20 Jan 2021 - 24 Feb 2021 Richard M. Mills, Jr. (acting) (b. 1959)
24 Feb 2021 - Linda Thomas-Greenfield (f) (b. 1952)
Assistants to the president 12 Dec 1946 - 20 Jan 1953 John R. Steelman (b. 1900 - d. 1999) 20 Jan 1953 - 7 Oct 1958 Sherman Adams (b. 1899 - d. 1986) 7 Oct 1958 - 20 Jan 1961 Wilton B. Persons (b. 1896 - d. 1977) Chiefs of staff Jan 1969 - 30 Apr 1973 H.R. Haldeman (b. 1926 - d. 1993) 4 May 1973 - Sep 1974 Alexander Haig (b. 1924 - d. 2010) Sep 1974 - Nov 1975 Donald Rumsfeld (b. 1932 - d. 2021) Nov 1975 - 20 Jan 1977 Richard Cheney (b. 1941) 18 Jul 1979 - Jun 1980 Hamilton Jordan (b. 1944 - d. 2008) Jun 1980 - 20 Jan 1981 Jack Watson (b. 1938) 20 Jan 1981 - 4 Feb 1985 James Baker (1st time) (b. 1930) 4 Feb 1985 - 27 Feb 1987 Donald Regan (b. 1918 - d. 2003) 27 Feb 1987 - 1 Jul 1988 Howard Baker (b. 1925 - d. 2014) 1 Jul 1988 - 20 Jan 1989 Kenneth Duberstein (b. 1944 - d. 2022) 20 Jan 1989 - 16 Dec 1991 John Sununu (b. 1939) 16 Dec 1991 - 23 Aug 1992 Samuel Skinner (b. 1938) 23 Aug 1992 - 20 Jan 1993 James Baker (2nd time) (s.a.) 20 Jan 1993 - 27 Jun 1994 Mack McLarty (b. 1946) 27 Jun 1994 - 20 Jan 1997 Leon Panetta (b. 1938) 20 Jan 1997 - 30 Oct 1998 Erskine Bowles (b. 1946) 30 Oct 1998 - 20 Jan 2001 John Podesta (b. 1949) 20 Jan 2001 - 14 Apr 2006 Andrew H. Card, Jr. (b. 1947) 14 Apr 2006 - 20 Jan 2009 Joshua Bolten (b. 1954) 20 Jan 2009 - 1 Oct 2010 Rahm Emanuel (b. 1959) 1 Oct 2010 - 13 Jan 2011 Pete Rouse (b. 1946) 13 Jan 2011 - 27 Jan 2012 William M. Daley (b. 1948) 27 Jan 2012 - 25 Jan 2013 Jack Lew (b. 1955) 25 Jan 2013 - 20 Jan 2017 Denis McDonough (b. 1969) 20 Jan 2017 - 31 Jul 2017 Reince Priebus (b. 1972) 31 Jul 2017 - 2 Jan 2019 John F. Kelly (b. 1950) 2 Jan 2019 - 31 Mar 2020 Mick Mulvaney (acting) (b. 1967) 31 Mar 2020 - 20 Jan 2021 Mark Meadows (b. 1959) 20 Jan 2021 - 8 Feb 2023 Ron Klain (b. 1961) 8 Feb 2023 - Jeff Zients (b. 1966)
23 Mar 1953 post of Assistant to the President for National Security
Affairs (National Security Advisor) created
National Security Advisors
23 Mar 1953 - 2 Apr 1955 Robert Cutler (1st time) (b. 1895 - d. 1974)
2 Apr 1955 - 1 Sep 1956 Dillon Anderson (b. 1906 - d. 1974)
7 Jan 1957 - 24 Jun 1958 Robert Cutler (2nd time) (s.a.)
24 Jun 1958 - 13 Jan 1961 Gordon Gray (b. 1909 - d. 1982)
20 Jan 1961 - 28 Feb 1966 McGeorge Bundy (b. 1919 - d. 1996)
1 Apr 1966 - 20 Jan 1969 Walt W. Rostow (b. 1916 - d. 2003)
20 Jan 1969 - 3 Nov 1975 Henry Kissinger (b. 1923)
3 Nov 1975 - 20 Jan 1977 Brent Scowcroft (1st time) (b. 1925 - d. 2020)
20 Jan 1977 - 21 Jan 1981 Zbigniew Brzezinski (b. 1928 - d. 2017)
21 Jan 1981 - 4 Jan 1982 Richard V. Allen (b. 1936)
4 Jan 1982 - 17 Oct 1983 William P. Clark (b. 1931 - d. 2013)
17 Oct 1983 - 4 Dec 1985 Robert C. McFarlane (b. 1937 - d. 2022)
4 Dec 1985 - 25 Nov 1986 John M. Poindexter (b. 1936)
2 Dec 1986 - 23 Nov 1987 Frank Carlucci (b. 1930 - d. 2018)
23 Nov 1987 - 20 Jan 1989 Colin Powell (b. 1937 - d. 2021)
20 Jan 1989 - 20 Jan 1993 Brent Scowcroft (2nd time) (s.a.)
20 Jan 1993 - 14 Mar 1997 Anthony Lake (b. 1939)
14 Mar 1997 - 20 Jan 2001 Sandy Berger (b. 1945 - d. 2015)
20 Jan 2001 - 26 Jan 2005 Condoleezza Rice (f) (b. 1954)
26 Jan 2005 - 20 Jan 2009 Stephen Hadley (b. 1947)
20 Jan 2009 - 21 Oct 2010 James L. Jones (b. 1943)
21 Oct 2010 - 30 Jun 2013 Thomas E. Donilon (b. 1955)
1 Jul 2013 - 20 Jan 2017 Susan Rice (f) (b. 1964)
20 Jan 2017 - 13 Feb 2017 Michael Flynn (b. 1958)
13 Feb 2017 - 20 Feb 2017 Keith Kellogg (acting) (b. 1944)
20 Feb 2017 - 9 Apr 2018 H.R. McMaster (b. 1962)
9 Apr 2018 - 10 Sep 2019 John Bolton (b. 1948)
10 Sep 2019 - 18 Sep 2019 Charles Kupperman (acting) (b. 1950)
18 Sep 2019 - 20 Jan 2021 Robert C. O'Brien (b. 1966)
20 Jan 2021 - Jake Sullivan (b. 1976)
11 Oct 1962 Special Representative for Trade Negotiations
15 Jan 1963 part of the Executive Office of the President
1979 U.S. Trade Representative
Ambassadors
10 Dec 1962 - 30 Dec 1966 Christian A. Herter (b. 1895 - d. 1966)
24 Mar 1967 - 20 Jan 1969 William Matson Roth (b. 1916 - d. 2014)
6 Aug 1969 - 21 Sep 1971 Carl J. Gilbert (b. 1906 - d. 1983)
12 Nov 1971 - 24 Dec 1974 William D. Eberle (b. 1923 - d. 2008)
26 Mar 1975 - 20 Jan 1977 Frederick B. Dent (b. 1922 - d. 2019)
30 Mar 1977 - 17 Aug 1979 Robert S. Strauss (b. 1918 - d. 2014)
1 Oct 1979 - 31 Dec 1980 Reubin Askew (b. 1928 - d. 2014)
23 Jan 1981 - 29 Apr 1985 William E. Brock (b. 1930 - d. 2021)
1 Jul 1985 - 20 Jan 1989 Clayton K. Yeutter (b. 1930 - d. 2017)
6 Feb 1989 - 20 Jan 1993 Carla A. Hills (f) (b. 1934)
22 Jan 1993 - 12 Apr 1996 Mickey Kantor (b. 1939)
12 Apr 1996 - 20 Jan 2001 Charlene Barshefsky (f) (b. 1949)
(acting to 17 Mar 1997)
7 Feb 2001 - 22 Feb 2005 Robert B. Zoellick (b. 1953)
22 Feb 2005 - 29 Apr 2005 Peter Allgeier (1st time) (acting) (b. 1947)
29 Apr 2005 - 2 Jun 2006 Rob Portman (b. 1955)
9 Jun 2006 - 20 Jan 2009 Susan Schwab (f) (b. 1955)
20 Jan 2009 - 18 Mar 2009 Peter Allgeier (2nd time) (acting) (s.a.)
18 Mar 2009 - 15 Mar 2013 Ron Kirk (b. 1954)
15 Mar 2013 - 23 May 2013 Demetrios Marantis (acting) (b. 1968)
23 May 2013 - 21 Jun 2013 Miriam Sapiro (f) (acting) (b. 1960)
21 Jun 2013 - 20 Jan 2017 Michael Froman (b. 1962)
20 Jan 2017 - 15 May 2017 Maria Pagan (f) (1st time)
(acting)
15 May 2017 - 20 Jan 2021 Robert Lighthizer (b. 1947)
20 Jan 2021 - 18 Mar 2021 Maria Pagan (f) (2nd time)
(acting)
18 Mar 2021 - Katherine Tai (f) (b. 1974)
11 Jul 1941 Coordinator of Information (COI)
13 Jun 1942 Office of Strategic Services (OSS)
1 Oct 1945 OSS disbanded
22 Jan 1946 Central Intelligence Group (CIG)
18 Sep 1947 Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Coordinator of Information (from 13 Jun 1942, Director of Strategic Services)
11 Jul 1941 - 1 Oct 1945 William J. Donovan (b. 1883 - d. 1959)
Directors of Central Intelligence (from 21 Apr 2005, directors of the CIA)
23 Jan 1946 - 10 Jun 1946 Sidney W. Souers (b. 1892 - d. 1973)
10 Jun 1946 - 1 May 1947 Hoyt S. Vandenberg (b. 1899 - d. 1954)
1 May 1947 - 7 Oct 1950 Roscoe H. Hillenkoetter (b. 1897 - d. 1982)
7 Oct 1950 - 9 Feb 1953 Walter Bedell Smith (b. 1895 - d. 1961)
9 Feb 1953 - 29 Nov 1961 Allen W. Dulles (b. 1893 - d. 1969)
(acting to 26 Feb 1953)
29 Nov 1961 - 28 Apr 1965 John A. McCone (b. 1902 - d. 1991)
28 Apr 1965 - 30 Jun 1966 William F. Raborn, Jr. (b. 1905 - d. 1990)
30 Jun 1966 - 2 Feb 1973 Richard Helms (b. 1913 - d. 2002)
2 Feb 1973 - 2 Jul 1973 James R. Schlesinger (b. 1929 - d. 2014)
2 Jul 1973 - 4 Sep 1973 Vernon A. Walters (acting) (b. 1917 - d. 2002)
4 Sep 1973 - 30 Jan 1976 William E. Colby (b. 1920 - d. 1996)
30 Jan 1976 - 20 Jan 1977 George Bush (b. 1924 - d. 2018)
20 Jan 1977 - 9 Mar 1977 E. Henry Knoche (acting) (b. 1925 - d. 2010)
9 Mar 1977 - 20 Jan 1981 Stansfield Turner (b. 1923 - d. 2018)
28 Jan 1981 - 29 Jan 1987 William J. Casey (b. 1913 - d. 1987)
29 Jan 1987 - 26 May 1987 Robert M. Gates (1st time) (b. 1943)
(acting)
26 May 1987 - 31 Aug 1991 William H. Webster (b. 1924)
1 Sep 1991 - 6 Nov 1991 Richard J. Kerr (acting) (b. 1935)
6 Nov 1991 - 20 Jan 1993 Robert M. Gates (2nd time) (s.a.)
21 Jan 1993 - 5 Feb 1993 William O. Studeman (1st time) (b. 1940)
(acting)
5 Feb 1993 - 10 Jan 1995 James Woolsey (b. 1941)
11 Jan 1995 - 9 May 1995 William O. Studeman (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
9 May 1995 - 15 Dec 1996 John Deutch (b. 1938)
15 Dec 1996 - 11 Jul 2004 George Tenet (b. 1953)
(acting to 11 Jul 1997)
11 Jul 2004 - 24 Sep 2004 John McLaughlin (acting) (b. 1942)
24 Sep 2004 - 30 May 2006 Porter Goss (b. 1938)
30 May 2006 - 13 Feb 2009 Michael Hayden (b. 1945)
13 Feb 2009 - 1 Jul 2011 Leon Panetta (b. 1938)
1 Jul 2011 - 6 Sep 2011 Michael Morell (1st time) (acting) (b. 1958)
6 Sep 2011 - 9 Nov 2012 David Petraeus (b. 1952)
9 Nov 2012 - 8 Mar 2013 Michael Morell (2nd time) (acting) (s.a.)
8 Mar 2013 - 20 Jan 2017 John Brennan (b. 1955)
20 Jan 2017 - 23 Jan 2017 Meroe Park (f) (acting) (b. 1959)
23 Jan 2017 - 26 Apr 2018 Mike Pompeo (b. 1963)
26 Apr 2018 - 20 Jan 2021 Gina Haspel (f) (b. 1956)
(acting to 21 May 2018)
20 Jan 2021 - 23 Mar 2021 David S. Cohen (acting) (b. 1963)
23 Mar 2021 - William Burns (b. 1956)
Directors of National Intelligence 21 Apr 2005 - 20 Feb 2007 John Negroponte (b. 1939) 20 Feb 2007 - 27 Jan 2009 Michael McConnell (b. 1943) 27 Jan 2009 - 29 Jan 2009 Ronald L. Burgess, Jr. (acting) (b. 1952) 29 Jan 2009 - 28 May 2010 Dennis C. Blair (b. 1947) 28 May 2010 - 9 Aug 2010 David C. Gompert (acting) 9 Aug 2010 - 20 Jan 2017 James R. Clapper (b. 1941) 20 Jan 2017 - 16 Mar 2017 Michael P. Dempsey (acting) 16 Mar 2017 - 15 Aug 2019 Dan Coats (b. 1943) 15 Aug 2019 - 20 Feb 2020 Joseph Maguire (acting) (b. 1952) 20 Feb 2020 - 26 May 2020 Richard Grenell (acting) (b. 1966) 26 May 2020 - 20 Jan 2021 John Ratcliffe (b. 1965) 20 Jan 2021 - 21 Jan 2021 Lora Shiao (f) (acting) 21 Jan 2021 - Avril Haines (f) (b. 1969)
1 Oct 1958 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
established
Administrators
1 Oct 1958 - 20 Jan 1961 T. Keith Glennan (b. 1905 - d. 1995)
20 Jan 1961 - 14 Feb 1961 Hugh L. Dryden (acting) (b. 1898 - d. 1965)
14 Feb 1961 - 7 Oct 1968 James E. Webb (b. 1906 - d. 1992)
7 Oct 1968 - 15 Sep 1970 Thomas O. Paine (b. 1921 - d. 1992)
(acting to 21 Mar 1969)
15 Sep 1970 - 27 Apr 1971 George M. Low (acting) (b. 1926 - d. 1984)
27 Apr 1971 - 1 May 1977 James C. Fletcher (1st time) (b. 1919 - d. 1991)
1 May 1977 - 21 Jun 1977 Alan M. Lovelace (1st time) (b. 1929 - d. 2018)
(acting)
21 Jun 1977 - 20 Jan 1981 Robert A. Frosch (b. 1928 - d. 2020)
20 Jan 1981 - 10 Jul 1981 Alan M. Lovelace (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
10 Jul 1981 - 4 Dec 1985 James M. Beggs (b. 1926 - d. 2020)
4 Dec 1985 - 12 May 1986 William R. Graham (acting) (b. 1937)
12 May 1986 - 8 Apr 1989 James C. Fletcher (2nd time) (s.a.)
8 Apr 1989 - 13 May 1989 Dale D. Myers (acting) (b. 1922 - d. 2015)
14 May 1989 - 31 Mar 1992 Richard H. Truly (b. 1937)
1 Apr 1992 - 17 Nov 2001 Daniel S. Goldin (b. 1940)
19 Nov 2001 - 21 Dec 2001 Daniel R. Mulville (acting) (b. 1939)
21 Dec 2001 - 18 Feb 2005 Sean O'Keefe (b. 1956)
18 Feb 2005 - 14 Apr 2005 Frederick D. Gregory (acting) (b. 1941)
14 Apr 2005 - 20 Jan 2009 Michael Griffin (b. 1949)
20 Jan 2009 - 17 Jul 2009 Christopher Scolese (acting) (b. 1956)
17 Jul 2009 - 20 Jan 2017 Charles Bolden (b. 1946)
20 Jan 2017 - 23 Apr 2018 Robert M. Lightfoot, Jr. (acting) (b. 1962?)
23 Apr 2018 - 20 Jan 2021 Jim Bridenstine (b. 1975)
20 Jan 2021 - 3 May 2021 Steve Jurczyk (acting)
3 May 2021 - Bill Nelson (b. 1942)
23 Dec 1913 Federal Reserve System created Governors (from 23 Aug 1935, chairmen of the Board of Governors) 10 Aug 1914 - 9 Aug 1916 Charles S. Hamlin (b. 1861 - d. 1938) 10 Aug 1916 - 9 Aug 1922 W.P.G. Harding (b. 1864 - d. 1930) 1 May 1923 - 15 Sep 1927 Daniel R. Crissinger (b. 1860 - d. 1942) 4 Oct 1927 - 31 Aug 1930 Roy A. Young (b. 1882 - d. 1960) 16 Sep 1930 - 10 May 1933 Eugene Meyer (b. 1875 - d. 1959) 19 May 1933 - 15 Aug 1934 Eugene R. Black (b. 1873 - d. 1934) 15 Nov 1934 - 15 Apr 1948 Marriner S. Eccles (b. 1890 - d. 1977) 15 Apr 1948 - 31 Mar 1951 Thomas B. McCabe (b. 1893 - d. 1982) 2 Apr 1951 - 31 Jan 1970 William M. Martin (b. 1906 - d. 1998) 1 Feb 1970 - 31 Jan 1978 Arthur F. Burns (b. 1904 - d. 1987) 8 Mar 1978 - 6 Aug 1979 G. William Miller (b. 1925 - d. 2006) 6 Aug 1979 - 11 Aug 1987 Paul A. Volcker (b. 1927 - d. 2019) 11 Aug 1987 - 31 Jan 2006 Alan Greenspan (b. 1926) 1 Feb 2006 - 31 Jan 2014 Ben Bernanke (b. 1953) 1 Feb 2014 - 2 Feb 2018 Janet Yellen (f) (b. 1946) 5 Feb 2018 - Jerome Powell (b. 1953)
2 Dec 1970 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established
Administrators
4 Dec 1970 - 30 Apr 1973 William D. Ruckelshaus (1st time) (b. 1932 - d. 2019)
30 Apr 1973 - 12 Sep 1973 Robert W. Fri (acting) (b. 1935 - d. 2014)
13 Sep 1973 - 20 Jan 1977 Russell E. Train (b. 1920 - d. 2012)
21 Jan 1977 - 6 Mar 1977 John R. Quarles, Jr. (acting) (b. 1935 - d. 2012)
7 Mar 1977 - 20 Jan 1981 Douglas M. Costle (b. 1939 - d. 2019)
21 Jan 1981 - 25 Jan 1981 Steve Jellinek (acting) (b. 1940)
26 Jan 1981 - 19 May 1981 Walter Barber, Jr. (acting)
20 May 1981 - 9 Mar 1983 Anne M. Gorsuch (from Feb 1983,
Anne Gorsuch Burford) (f) (b. 1942 - d. 2004)
10 Mar 1983 - 17 May 1983 Lee Verstandig (acting) (b. 1937)
18 May 1983 - 4 Jan 1985 William D. Ruckelshaus (2nd time) (s.a.)
4 Jan 1985 - 20 Jan 1989 Lee M. Thomas (b. 1944)
(acting to 8 Feb 1985)
21 Jan 1989 - 5 Feb 1989 John Moore (acting)
6 Feb 1989 - 20 Jan 1993 William K. Reilly (b. 1940)
22 Jan 1993 - 20 Jan 2001 Carol M. Browner (f) (b. 1955)
20 Jan 2001 - 31 Jan 2001 W. Michael McCabe (acting) (b. 1952)
31 Jan 2001 - 27 Jun 2003 Christine Todd Whitman (f) (b. 1946)
28 Jun 2003 - 11 Jul 2003 Linda J. Fisher (f) (acting) (b. 1952)
12 Jul 2003 - 6 Nov 2003 Marianne Lamont Horinko (f) (b. 1961)
(acting)
6 Nov 2003 - 26 Jan 2005 Mike Leavitt (b. 1951)
26 Jan 2005 - 20 Jan 2009 Stephen L. Johnson (b. 1951)
(acting to 2 May 2005)
26 Jan 2009 - 14 Feb 2013 Lisa P. Jackson (f) (b. 1962)
15 Feb 2013 - 19 Jul 2013 Bob Perciasepe (acting) (b. 1951)
19 Jul 2013 - 20 Jan 2017 Gina McCarthy (f) (b. 1954)
20 Jan 2017 - 17 Feb 2017 Catherine McCabe (f) (acting)
17 Feb 2017 - 8 Jul 2018 Scott Pruitt (b. 1968)
9 Jul 2018 - 20 Jan 2021 Andrew Wheeler (b. 1963)
(acting to Mar 2019)
20 Jan 2021 - 11 Mar 2021 Jane Nishida (f) (acting) (b. 1955)
11 Mar 2021 - Michael Regan (b. 1976)
Directors
22 Mar 1961 - 28 Feb 1966 Sargent Shriver (b. 1915 - d. 2011)
1 Mar 1966 - 30 Apr 1969 Jack H. Vaughn (b. 1920 - d. 2012)
1 May 1969 - 1 Jul 1971 Joseph H. Blatchford (b. 1934 - d. 2020)
1 Jul 1971 - 11 Aug 1972 Kevin O'Donnell (b. 1925 - d. 2012)
11 Aug 1972 - 30 Sep 1973 Donald K. Hess (b. 1930 - d. 2013)
1 Oct 1973 - 1 Sep 1974 Nicholas W. Craw (b. 1936)
28 Apr 1975 - 13 May 1977 John R. Dellenback (b. 1918 - d. 2002)
11 Oct 1977 - 18 Dec 1978 Carolyn R. Payton (f) (b. 1925 - d. 2001)
27 Apr 1979 - 20 Jan 1981 Richard F. Celeste (b. 1937)
6 May 1981 - 20 Apr 1989 Loret Miller Ruppe (f) (b. 1936 - d. 1996)
20 Apr 1989 - 1 Oct 1991 Paul D. Coverdell (b. 1939 - d. 2000)
8 Oct 1991 - 13 Nov 1992 Elaine Chao (f) (b. 1953)
13 Nov 1992 - Feb 1993 Barbara Zartman (f) (acting) (b. 1943 - d. 2010)
Feb 1993 - 7 Oct 1993 Jack Hogan (acting)
7 Oct 1993 - 1 May 1995 Carol Bellamy (f) (b. 1942)
1 May 1995 - 11 Aug 1995 Charles R. Baquet III (1st time) (b. 1941)
(acting)
11 Aug 1995 - 11 Aug 1999 Mark D. Gearan (b. 1956)
11 Aug 1999 - 23 Dec 1999 Charles R. Baquet III (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
23 Dec 1999 - 20 Jan 2001 Mark L. Schneider (b. 1941)
20 Jan 2001 - 15 Feb 2002 Charles R. Baquet III (3rd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
15 Feb 2002 - 26 Sep 2006 Gaddi H. Vasquez (b. 1955)
26 Sep 2006 - 20 Jan 2009 Ronald Tschetter (b. 1941)
20 Jan 2009 - 24 Aug 2009 Jody Olsen (f) (1st time) (acting) (b. 1942)
24 Aug 2009 - 17 Sep 2012 Aaron S. Williams (b. 1947)
17 Sep 2012 - 20 Jan 2017 Carrie Hessler-Radelet (f) (b. 1957?)
(acting to 25 Jun 2014)
20 Jan 2017 - 30 Mar 2018 Sheila Crowley (f) (acting)
30 Mar 2018 - 20 Jan 2021 Jody Olsen (f) (2nd time) (s.a.)
20 Jan 2021 - Carol Spahn (f)
(acting to Dec 2022)
Chairmen
29 Sep 1965 - 11 Mar 1969 Roger L. Stevens (b. 1910 - d. 1998)
6 Oct 1969 - 2 Oct 1977 Nancy Hanks (f) (b. 1927 - d. 1983)
7 Nov 1977 - Nov 1981 Livingston L. Biddle, Jr. (b. 1918 - d. 2002)
Nov 1981 - Feb 1989 Frank Hodsoll (b. 1938 - d. 2016)
Feb 1989 - Jul 1989 Hugh Southern (acting) (b. 1932 - d. 2019)
Jul 1989 - 1 May 1992 John E. Frohnmayer (b. 1942)
1 May 1992 - Oct 1993 Anne-Imelda Radice (f) (acting) (b. 1948)
Oct 1993 - Oct 1997 Jane Alexander (f) (b. 1939)
Oct 1997 - 28 May 1998 Scott Shanklin-Peterson (f) (b. 1944)
(acting)
28 May 1998 - 30 Sep 2001 Bill Ivey (b. 1944)
1 Oct 2001 - 22 Jan 2002 Robert Sidney Martin (acting) (b. 1949)
22 Jan 2002 - 29 Jan 2002 Michael Hammond (b. 1932 - d. 2002)
30 Jan 2002 - 13 Feb 2003 Eileen Mason (f) (acting) (b. 1943)
13 Feb 2003 - 22 Jan 2009 Dana Gioia (b. 1950)
29 Jan 2009 - 11 Aug 2009 Patrice Walker Powell (f) (acting) (b. 1952)
11 Aug 2009 - 26 Dec 2012 Rocco Landesman (b. 1947)
26 Dec 2012 - 19 Jun 2014 Joan Shigekawa (f) (acting) (b. 1936)
19 Jun 2014 - 4 Jun 2018 Jane Chu (f) (b. 1957)
4 Jun 2018 - 20 Jan 2021 Mary Anne Carter (f)
(acting to 1 Aug 2019)
20 Jan 2021 - 26 Jan 2022 Ann Eilers (f) (acting)
26 Jan 2022 - Maria Rosario Jackson (f) (b. 1965)
Chairmen 1 Jun 1933 - 23 Mar 1938 Arthur E. Morgan (b. 1878 - d. 1975) 23 Mar 1938 - 15 Sep 1941 Harcourt A. Morgan (b. 1867 - d. 1950) 15 Sep 1941 - 28 Oct 1946 David E. Lilienthal (b. 1899 - d. 1981) 4 Nov 1946 - 18 May 1954 Gordon R. Clapp (b. 1905 - d. 1963) 1 Sep 1954 - 30 Jun 1962 Herbert D. Vogel (b. 1900 - d. 1984) 1 Jul 1962 - 18 May 1978 Aubrey J. Wagner (b. 1912 - d. 1990) 19 May 1978 - 22 Jun 1981 S. David Freeman (b. 1926 - d. 2020) 22 Jun 1981 - 25 Jan 1988 Charles Dean (b. 1925 - d. 1995) 25 Jan 1988 - 6 Jul 1992 Marvin T. Runyon (b. 1924 - d. 2004) 6 Jul 1992 - 18 May 1993 John B. Waters, Jr. (b. 1929 - d. 2018) 14 Jul 1993 - 16 Apr 2001 Craven Crowell (b. 1943) 23 Jul 2001 - 18 May 2005 Glenn L. McCullough, Jr. (b. 1954) Jun 2005 - 31 Mar 2006 Bill Baxter (b. 1953?) 31 Mar 2006 - 18 May 2009 Bill Sansom (1st time) 18 May 2009 - 18 May 2010 Mike Duncan (b. 1951) 18 May 2010 - Jan 2012 Dennis C. Bottorff (b. 1944) Jan 2012 - 18 May 2014 Bill Sansom (2nd time) 19 May 2014 - 3 Jan 2017 Joe H. Ritch (b. 1951) 3 Jan 2017 - 18 May 2017 Lynn Evans (f) (acting) 19 May 2017 - 19 May 2019 Richard Howorth 19 May 2019 - 3 Aug 2020 James Thompson Aug 2020 - 18 Aug 2021 John Ryder (acting to 27 Aug 2020) 18 Aug 2021 - William Kilbride (b. 1951?)
Chief executive officers 31 Mar 2006 - 31 Dec 2012 Tom Kilgore (b. 194...) (acting to 13 Oct 2006) 1 Jan 2013 - Apr 2019 William D. Johnson (b. 1954) Apr 2019 - Jeffrey J. Lyash (b. 1961?)
Chairmen
1923 - 15 Jul 1948 John J. Pershing (b. 1860 - d. 1948)
1949 - 16 Oct 1959 George C. Marshall (b. 1880 - d. 1959)
1960 - 1969 Jacob L. Devers (b. 1887 - d. 1979)
1969 - 17 Apr 1984 Mark W. Clark (b. 1896 - d. 1984)
1985 - 1990 Andrew J. Goodpaster (b. 1915 - d. 2005)
1991 - 1994 Paul X. Kelley (1st time) (b. 1928 - d. 2019)
1994 - Aug 2001 Fred F. Woerner (b. 1933)
Aug 2001 - Jan 2005 Paul X. Kelley (2nd time) (s.a.)
Jan 2005 - Jan 2009 Frederick M. Franks, Jr. (b. 1936)
Jan 2009 - Jun 2009 John W. Nicholson (secretary)
Jun 2009 - Jun 2011 Max Cleland (secretary) (b. 1942 - d. 2021)
Jun 2011 - 4 Dec 2017 Merrill A. McPeak (b. 1936)
4 Dec 2017 - 9 Jan 2018 Robert J. Dalessandro (1st time)
(acting secretary)
9 Jan 2018 - Jul 2018 William M. Matz, Jr. (secretary)
Jul 2018 - Jan 2021 David Urban (b. 1963?)
Jan 2021 - 13 Dec 2021 Robert J. Dalessandro (2nd time)
(acting secretary)
13 Dec 2021 - Mark P. Hertling (b. 1953)
23 Aug 1935 Social Security Board
16 Jul 1946 Social Security Administration
Chairmen
23 Aug 1935 - 19 Feb 1937 John G. Winant (b. 1889 - d. 1947)
19 Feb 1937 - 16 Jul 1946 Arthur J. Altmeyer (b. 1891 - d. 1972)
Commissioners
16 Jul 1946 - 10 Apr 1953 Arthur J. Altmeyer (s.a.)
11 Apr 1953 - 23 Nov 1953 William L. Mitchell (1st time) (b. 1900 - d. 1983)
(acting)
24 Nov 1953 - 31 Jul 1954 John W. Tramburg (b. 1913 - d. 1963)
23 Aug 1954 - 31 Dec 1958 Charles I. Schottland (b. 1906 - d. 1995)
4 Feb 1959 - 3 Apr 1962 William L. Mitchell (2nd time) (s.a.)
17 Apr 1962 - 17 Mar 1973 Robert M. Ball (b. 1914 - d. 2008)
18 Mar 1973 - 24 Oct 1973 Arthur E. Hess (acting) (b. 1916 - d. 2005)
25 Oct 1973 - 12 Dec 1977 James B. Cardwell (b. 1922 - d. 2012)
13 Dec 1977 - 4 Oct 1978 Don I. Wortman (acting) (b. 1927 - d. 2020)
5 Oct 1978 - 31 Dec 1979 Stanford G. Ross (b. 1931 - d. 2020)
1 Jan 1980 - 2 Jan 1980 Herbert R. Doggette, Jr.
(1st time) (acting) (b. 1933)
3 Jan 1980 - 19 Jan 1981 William J. Driver (b. 1918 - d. 1985)
20 Jan 1981 - 5 May 1981 Herbert R. Doggette, Jr.
(2nd time) (acting) (s.a.)
6 May 1981 - 12 Sep 1983 John A. Svahn (b. 1943)
14 Sep 1983 - 25 Jun 1986 Martha A. McSteen (f) (acting) (b. 1923)
26 Jun 1986 - 31 Jul 1989 Dorcas R. Hardy (f) (b. 1946 - d. 2019)
1 Aug 1989 - 30 Sep 1992 Gwendolyn S. King (f) (b. 1941)
1 Oct 1992 - 18 Jul 1993 Louis D. Enoff (acting) (b. 1942)
19 Jul 1993 - 7 Oct 1993 Lawrence H. Thompson (acting) (b. 1943)
8 Oct 1993 - 28 Feb 1997 Shirley S. Chater (f)
1 Mar 1997 - 28 Sep 1997 John J. Callahan (acting) (b. 1944)
29 Sep 1997 - 20 Jan 2001 Kenneth S. Apfel (b. 1948)
21 Jan 2001 - 28 Mar 2001 William Halter (acting)
29 Mar 2001 - 9 Nov 2001 Larry G. Massanari (acting)
9 Nov 2001 - 19 Jan 2007 Jo Anne B. Barnhart (f) (b. 1950)
20 Jan 2007 - 12 Feb 2007 Linda McMahon (f) (acting) (b. 1948)
12 Feb 2007 - 14 Feb 2013 Michael J. Astrue (b. 1956)
14 Feb 2013 - 20 Jan 2017 Carolyn W. Colvin (f) (acting) (b. 1942)
23 Jan 2017 - 17 Jun 2019 Nancy Berryhill (f) (acting)
17 Jun 2019 - 9 Jul 2021 Andrew M. Saul (b. 1946)
9 Jul 2021 - Kilolo Kijakazi (f) (acting) (b. 1956)
1884 American Historical Association founded
1934 National Archives Establishment set up
1949 National Archives and Records Service
1 Apr 1985 National Archives and Records Administration
Presidents of the American Historical Association
1884 - 1885 Andrew D. White (b. 1832 - d. 1918)
1885 - 1886 George Bancroft (b. 1800 - d. 1891)
1886 - 1887 Justin Winsor (b. 1831 - d. 1897)
1887 - 1888 William F. Poole (b. 1821 - d. 1894)
1889 Charles Kendall Adams (b. 1835 - d. 1902)
1890 John Jay (b. 1817 - d. 1894)
1891 William W. Henry (b. 1831 - d. 1900)
1892 James B. Angell (b. 1829 - d. 1916)
1893 - 1894 Henry Adams (b. 1838 - d. 1918)
1895 George F. Hoar (b. 1826 - d. 1904)
1896 Richard S. Storrs (b. 1821 - d. 1900)
1897 James Schouler (b. 1839 - d. 1920)
1898 George P. Fisher (b. 1827 - d. 1909)
1899 James F. Rhodes (b. 1848 - d. 1927)
1900 Edward Eggleston (b. 1837 - d. 1902)
1901 Charles Francis Adams (b. 1835 - d. 1915)
1902 Alfred T. Mahan (b. 1840 - d. 1914)
1903 Henry C. Lea (b. 1825 - d. 1909)
1904 Goldwin Smith (b. 1823 - d. 1910)
1905 John B. McMaster (b. 1852 - d. 1932)
1906 Simeon E. Baldwin (b. 1840 - d. 1927)
1907 John F. Jameson (b. 1859 - d. 1937)
1908 George Burton Adams (b. 1851 - d. 1925)
1909 Albert B. Hart (b. 1854 - d. 1943)
1910 Frederick J. Turner (b. 1861 - d. 1932)
1911 William M. Sloane (b. 1850 - d. 1928)
1912 Theodore Roosevelt (b. 1858 - d. 1919)
1913 William A. Dunning (b. 1857 - d. 1922)
1914 Andrew C. McLaughlin (b. 1861 - d. 1947)
1915 H. Morse Stephens (b. 1857 - d. 1919)
1916 George L. Burr (b. 1857 - d. 1938)
1917 Worthington C. Ford (b. 1858 - d. 1941)
1918 - 1919 William R. Thayer (b. 1859 - d. 1923)
1920 Edward Channing (b. 1856 - d. 1931)
1921 Jean J. Jusserand (b. 1855 - d. 1932)
1922 Charles H. Haskins (b. 1870 - d. 1937)
1923 Edward P. Cheyney (b. 1861 - d. 1947)
1924 - 3 Feb 1924 Woodrow Wilson (b. 1856 - d. 1924)
1924 - 1925 Charles M. Andrews (b. 1863 - d. 1943)
1926 Dana C. Munro (b. 1866 - d. 1933)
1927 Henry O. Taylor (b. 1856 - d. 1941)
1928 James H. Breasted (b. 1865 - d. 1935)
1929 James H. Robinson (b. 1863 - d. 1936)
1930 Evarts B. Greene (b. 1870 - d. 1947)
1931 Carl L. Becker (b. 1873 - d. 1945)
1932 Herbert E. Bolton (b. 1870 - d. 1953)
1933 Charles A. Beard (b. 1874 - d. 1948)
1934 William E. Dodd (b. 1869 - d. 1940)
Archivists of the United States
10 Oct 1934 - 15 Sep 1941 R.D.W. Connor (b. 1878 - d. 1950)
18 Sep 1941 - 31 May 1948 Solon J. Buck (b. 1884 - d. 1962)
2 Jun 1948 - 6 Nov 1965 Wayne Grover (b. 1906 - d. 1970)
7 Nov 1965 - 9 Mar 1968 Robert H. Bahmer (b. 1904 - d. 1990)
(acting to 16 Jan 1966)
10 Mar 1968 - 1979 James B. Rhoads (b. 1928 - d. 2015)
(acting to 2 May 1968)
1979 - Jul 1980 James O'Neill (acting) (b. 1929 - d. 1987)
Jul 1980 - 15 Apr 1985 Robert M. Warner (b. 1927 - d. 2007)
16 Apr 1985 - 4 Dec 1987 Frank G. Burke (acting) (b. 1927 - d. 2015)
4 Dec 1987 - 24 Mar 1993 Don Wilson (b. 1942)
25 Mar 1993 - 29 May 1995 Trudy Huskamp Peterson (f) (b. 1945)
(acting)
30 May 1995 - 15 Feb 2005 John W. Carlin (b. 1940)
16 Feb 2005 - 19 Dec 2008 Allen Weinstein (b. 1937 - d. 2015)
20 Dec 2008 - 13 Nov 2009 Adrienne Thomas (f) (acting)
13 Nov 2009 - 30 Apr 2022 David Ferriero (b. 1945)
1 May 2022 - Debra Steidel Wall (f) (acting) (b. 1965)
1846 Smithsonian Institution established
Chancellors
1846 - the chief justices of the U.S.
Secretaries
1846 - 13 May 1878 Joseph Henry (b. 1797 - d. 1878)
1878 - 19 Aug 1887 Spencer F. Baird (b. 1823 - d. 1887)
1887 - 27 Feb 1906 Samuel P. Langley (b. 1834 - d. 1906)
1907 - 9 Feb 1927 Charles D. Walcott (b. 1850 - d. 1927)
Feb 1927 - 30 Jun 1944 Charles G. Abbot (b. 1872 - d. 1973)
(acting to 10 Jan 1928)
1 Jul 1944 - 31 Dec 1952 Alexander Wetmore (b. 1886 - d. 1978)
(acting to 12 Jan 1945)
2 Jan 1953 - 31 Jan 1964 Leonard B. Carmichael (b. 1898 - d. 1973)
1 Feb 1964 - 17 Sep 1984 S. Dillon Ripley (b. 1913 - d. 2001)
17 Sep 1984 - 19 Sep 1994 Robert McCormick Adams (b. 1926 - d. 2018)
19 Sep 1994 - 17 Dec 1999 I. Michael Heyman (b. 1930 - d. 2011)
24 Jan 2000 - 26 Mar 2007 Lawrence M. Small (b. 1941)
26 Mar 2007 - 30 Jun 2008 Cristián Samper (acting) (b. 1965)
1 Jul 2008 - 31 Dec 2014 G. Wayne Clough (b. 1941)
1 Jan 2015 - 30 Jun 2015 Albert G. Horvath (acting)
1 Jul 2015 - 16 Jun 2019 David J. Skorton (b. 1949)
16 Jun 2019 - Lonnie Bunch (b. 1952)
1789 Supreme Court of the United States established
Chief justices
26 Sep 1789 - 29 Jun 1795 John Jay (b. 1745 - d. 1829)
12 Aug 1795 - 15 Dec 1795 John Rutledge (acting) (b. 1739 - d. 1800)
8 Mar 1796 - 15 Dec 1800 Oliver Ellsworth (b. 1745 - d. 1807)
4 Feb 1801 - 6 Jul 1835 John Marshall (b. 1755 - d. 1835)
28 Mar 1836 - 12 Oct 1864 Roger B. Taney (b. 1777 - d. 1864)
15 Dec 1864 - 7 May 1873 Salmon P. Chase (b. 1808 - d. 1873)
4 Mar 1874 - 23 Mar 1888 Morrison R. Waite (b. 1816 - d. 1888)
8 Oct 1888 - 4 Jul 1910 Melville W. Fuller (b. 1833 - d. 1910)
19 Dec 1910 - 19 May 1921 Edward D. White (b. 1845 - d. 1921)
11 Jul 1921 - 3 Feb 1930 William Howard Taft (b. 1857 - d. 1930)
24 Feb 1930 - 30 Jun 1941 Charles Evans Hughes (b. 1862 - d. 1948)
3 Jul 1941 - 22 Apr 1946 Harlan Fiske Stone (b. 1872 - d. 1946)
24 Jun 1946 - 8 Sep 1953 Fred M. Vinson (b. 1890 - d. 1953)
5 Oct 1953 - 23 Jun 1969 Earl Warren (b. 1891 - d. 1974)
23 Jun 1969 - 26 Sep 1986 Warren E. Burger (b. 1907 - d. 1995)
26 Sep 1986 - 3 Sep 2005 William H. Rehnquist (b. 1924 - d. 2005)
29 Sep 2005 - John G. Roberts, Jr. (b. 1955)
Presidents pro tempore ("pro tem") of the Senate¹
3 Apr 1890 - 2 Mar 1891 John J. Ingalls Rep (b. 1833 - d. 1900)
2 Mar 1891 - 22 Mar 1893 Charles F. Manderson Rep (b. 1837 - d. 1911)
22 Mar 1893 - 7 Jan 1895 Isham Harris (1st time) Dem (b. 1818 - d. 1897)
7 Jan 1895 - 10 Jan 1895 Matt Ransom Dem (b. 1826 - d. 1904)
10 Jan 1895 - 3 Mar 1895 Isham Harris (2nd time) Dem (s.a.)
7 Feb 1896 - 27 Apr 1911 William P. Frye Rep (b. 1830 - d. 1911)
14 Aug 1911 Augustus O. Bacon (1st time) Dem (b. 1839 - d. 1914)
4 Dec 1911 - 12 Dec 1911 Charles Curtis Rep (b. 1860 - d. 1936)
15 Jan 1912 - 17 Jan 1912 Augustus O. Bacon (2nd time) Dem (s.a.)
12 Feb 1912 - 14 Feb 1912 Jacob H. Gallinger (1st time) Rep (b. 1837 - d. 1918)
11 Mar 1912 - 12 Mar 1912 Augustus O. Bacon (3rd time) Dem (s.a.)
25 Mar 1912 - 26 Mar 1912 Henry Cabot Lodge Rep (b. 1850 - d. 1924)
8 Apr 1912 Augustus O. Bacon (4th time) Dem (s.a.)
26 Apr 1912 - 7 May 1912 Jacob H. Gallinger (2nd time) Rep (s.a.)
10 May 1912 Augustus O. Bacon (5th time) Dem (s.a.)
25 May 1912 Frank B. Brandegee Rep (b. 1864 - d. 1924)
30 May 1912 - 5 Jul 1912 Augustus O. Bacon (6th time) Dem (s.a.)
6 Jul 1912 - 31 Jul 1912 Jacob H. Gallinger (3rd time) Rep (s.a.)
1 Aug 1912 - 10 Aug 1912 Augustus O. Bacon (7th time) Dem (s.a.)
12 Aug 1912 - 26 Aug 1912 Jacob H. Gallinger (4th time) Rep (s.a.)
27 Aug 1912 - 15 Dec 1912 Augustus O. Bacon (8th time) Dem (s.a.)
16 Dec 1912 - 4 Jan 1913 Jacob H. Gallinger (5th time) Rep (s.a.)
5 Jan 1913 - 18 Jan 1913 Augustus O. Bacon (9th time) Dem (s.a.)
19 Jan 1913 - 1 Feb 1913 Jacob H. Gallinger (6th time) Rep (s.a.)
2 Feb 1913 - 15 Feb 1913 Augustus O. Bacon (10th time) Dem (s.a.)
16 Feb 1913 - 3 Mar 1913 Jacob H. Gallinger (7th time) Rep (s.a.)
13 Mar 1913 - 1 Oct 1916 James P. Clarke Dem (b. 1854 - d. 1916)
14 Dec 1916 - 3 Mar 1919 Willard Saulsbury, Jr. Dem (b. 1861 - d. 1927)
19 May 1919 - 6 Mar 1925 Albert B. Cummins Rep (b. 1850 - d. 1926)
6 Mar 1925 - 3 Mar 1933 George H. Moses Rep (b. 1869 - d. 1944)
9 Mar 1933 - 10 Nov 1940 Key Pittman Dem (b. 1872 - d. 1940)
19 Nov 1940 - 3 Jan 1941 William H. King Dem (b. 1863 - d. 1949)
6 Jan 1941 - 22 Jun 1941 Pat Harrison Dem (b. 1881 - d. 1941)
10 Jul 1941 - 3 Jan 1945 Carter Glass Dem (b. 1858 - d. 1946)
6 Jan 1945 - 3 Jan 1947 Kenneth McKellar (1st time) Dem (b. 1869 - d. 1957)
4 Jan 1947 - 3 Jan 1949 Arthur H. Vandenberg Rep (b. 1884 - d. 1951)
3 Jan 1949 - 3 Jan 1953 Kenneth McKellar (2nd time) Dem (s.a.)
3 Jan 1953 - 3 Jan 1955 Styles Bridges Rep (b. 1898 - d. 1961)
5 Jan 1955 - 3 Jan 1957 Walter F. George Dem (b. 1878 - d. 1957)
3 Jan 1957 - 3 Jan 1969 Carl Hayden Dem (b. 1877 - d. 1972)
3 Jan 1969 - 21 Jan 1971 Richard B. Russell Dem (b. 1897 - d. 1971)
22 Jan 1971 - 27 Jul 1972 Allen J. Ellender Dem (b. 1890 - d. 1972)
28 Jul 1972 - 27 Dec 1978 James O. Eastland Dem (b. 1904 - d. 1986)
15 Jan 1979 - 5 Dec 1980 Warren G. Magnuson (1st time) Dem (b. 1905 - d. 1989)
5 Dec 1980 - 6 Dec 1980 Milton Young Rep (b. 1897 - d. 1983)
6 Dec 1980 - 3 Jan 1981 Warren G. Magnuson (2nd time) Dem (s.a.)
5 Jan 1981 - 3 Jan 1987 Strom Thurmond (1st time) Rep (b. 1902 - d. 2003)
6 Jan 1987 - 3 Jan 1989 John C. Stennis Dem (b. 1901 - d. 1995)
3 Jan 1989 - 3 Jan 1995 Robert C. Byrd (1st time) Dem (b. 1917 - d. 2010)
4 Jan 1995 - 3 Jan 2001 Strom Thurmond (2nd time) Rep (s.a.)
3 Jan 2001 - 20 Jan 2001 Robert C. Byrd (2nd time) Dem (s.a.)
20 Jan 2001 - 6 Jun 2001 Strom Thurmond (3rd time) Rep (s.a.)
6 Jun 2001 - 3 Jan 2003 Robert C. Byrd (3rd time) Dem (s.a.)
7 Jan 2003 - 3 Jan 2007 Ted Stevens Rep (b. 1923 - d. 2010)
4 Jan 2007 - 28 Jun 2010 Robert C. Byrd (4th time) Dem (s.a.)
28 Jun 2010 - 17 Dec 2012 Daniel Inouye Dem (b. 1924 - d. 2012)
18 Dec 2012 - 3 Jan 2015 Patrick Leahy (1st time) Dem (b. 1940)
6 Jan 2015 - 3 Jan 2019 Orrin Hatch Rep (b. 1934 - d. 2022)
3 Jan 2019 - 20 Jan 2021 Chuck Grassley Rep (b. 1933)
20 Jan 2021 - 3 Jan 2023 Patrick Leahy (2nd time) Dem (s.a.)
3 Jan 2023 - Patty Murray (f) Dem (b. 1950)
¹The U.S. vice president formally serves as president of the Senate, but rarely presides over routine day-to-day debate. Until 1890, the Senate elected a president pro tempore whenever the vice president was not in attendance. When the vice president returned, the pro tempore lost his place, and when the vice president was again absent, the Senate again elected a president pro tempore. By the standing order agreed to on 12 Mar 1890, the Senate declared that the president pro tempore shall hold office during "the pleasure of the Senate and until another is elected, and shall execute the duties thereof during all future absences of the Vice President until the Senate does otherwise order."Senate majority leaders 5 Mar 1925 - 3 Mar 1929 Charles Curtis Rep (b. 1860 - d. 1936) 5 Mar 1929 - 3 Mar 1933 James E. Watson Rep (b. 1864 - d. 1948) 4 Mar 1933 - 14 Jul 1937 Joseph T. Robinson Dem (b. 1872 - d. 1937) 22 Jul 1937 - 3 Jan 1947 Alben W. Barkley Dem (b. 1877 - d. 1956) 3 Jan 1947 - 3 Jan 1949 Wallace H. White, Jr. Rep (b. 1877 - d. 1952) 3 Jan 1949 - 3 Jan 1951 Scott W. Lucas Dem (b. 1892 - d. 1968) 3 Jan 1951 - 3 Jan 1953 Ernest W. McFarland Dem (b. 1894 - d. 1984) 3 Jan 1953 - 31 Jul 1953 Robert A. Taft Rep (b. 1889 - d. 1953) 4 Aug 1953 - 3 Jan 1955 William F. Knowland Rep (b. 1908 - d. 1974) 3 Jan 1955 - 3 Jan 1961 Lyndon B. Johnson Dem (b. 1908 - d. 1973) 3 Jan 1961 - 3 Jan 1977 Mike Mansfield Dem (b. 1903 - d. 2001) 4 Jan 1977 - 3 Jan 1981 Robert C. Byrd (1st time) Dem (b. 1917 - d. 2010) 3 Jan 1981 - 3 Jan 1985 Howard Baker Rep (b. 1925 - d. 2014) 3 Jan 1985 - 3 Jan 1987 Bob Dole (1st time) Rep (b. 1923 - d. 2021) 3 Jan 1987 - 3 Jan 1989 Robert C. Byrd (2nd time) Dem (s.a.) 3 Jan 1989 - 3 Jan 1995 George J. Mitchell Dem (b. 1933) 3 Jan 1995 - 11 Jun 1996 Bob Dole (2nd time) Rep (s.a.) 12 Jun 1996 - 3 Jan 2001 Trent Lott (1st time) Rep (b. 1941) 3 Jan 2001 - 20 Jan 2001 Tom Daschle (1st time) Dem (b. 1947) 20 Jan 2001 - 6 Jun 2001 Trent Lott (2nd time) Rep (s.a.) 6 Jun 2001 - 3 Jan 2003 Tom Daschle (2nd time) Dem (s.a.) 7 Jan 2003 - 3 Jan 2007 Bill Frist Rep (b. 1952) 4 Jan 2007 - 3 Jan 2015 Harry Reid Dem (b. 1939 - d. 2021) 6 Jan 2015 - 20 Jan 2021 Mitch McConnell Rep (b. 1942) 20 Jan 2021 - Chuck Schumer Dem (b. 1950)
Speakers of the House of Representatives
1 Apr 1789 - 3 Mar 1791 Frederick A.C. Muhlenberg
(1st time) (b. 1750 - d. 1801)
24 Oct 1791 - 3 Mar 1793 Jonathan Trumbull, Jr. (b. 1740 - d. 1809)
2 Dec 1793 - 3 Mar 1795 Frederick A.C. Muhlenberg
(2nd time) (s.a.)
7 Dec 1795 - 3 Mar 1799 Jonathan Dayton (b. 1760 - d. 1824)
2 Dec 1799 - 3 Mar 1801 Theodore Sedgwick (b. 1746 - d. 1813)
7 Dec 1801 - 3 Mar 1807 Nathaniel Macon (b. 1758 - d. 1837)
26 Oct 1807 - 3 Mar 1811 Joseph B. Varnum (b. 1750 - d. 1821)
4 Nov 1811 - 19 Jan 1814 Henry Clay (1st time) Rep (b. 1777 - d. 1852)
19 Jan 1814 - 3 Mar 1815 Langdon Cheves Rep (b. 1776 - d. 1857)
4 Dec 1815 - 28 Oct 1820 Henry Clay (2nd time) Rep (s.a.)
15 Nov 1820 - 3 Mar 1821 John W. Taylor (1st time) Rep (b. 1784 - d. 1854)
4 Dec 1821 - 3 Mar 1823 Philip P. Barbour Rep (b. 1783 - d. 1841)
3 Dec 1823 - 6 Mar 1825 Henry Clay (3rd time) Rep (s.a.)
5 Dec 1825 - 3 Mar 1827 John W. Taylor (2nd time) Rep (s.a.)
3 Dec 1827 - 2 Jun 1834 Andrew Stevenson 7 Dec 1829: Jck (b. 1784 - d. 1857)
2 Jun 1834 - 3 Mar 1835 John Bell (b. 1797 - d. 1869)
7 Dec 1835 - 3 Mar 1839 James K. Polk Jck (b. 1795 - d. 1849)
16 Dec 1839 - 3 Mar 1841 Robert M.T. Hunter Whg (b. 1809 - d. 1887)
31 May 1841 - 3 Mar 1843 John White Whg (b. 1802 - d. 1845)
4 Dec 1843 - 3 Mar 1845 John W. Jones Dem (b. 1791 - d. 1848)
1 Dec 1845 - 3 Mar 1847 John W. Davis Dem (b. 1799 - d. 1859)
6 Dec 1847 - 3 Mar 1849 Robert C. Winthrop Whg (b. 1809 - d. 1894)
22 Dec 1849 - 3 Mar 1851 Howell Cobb Dem (b. 1815 - d. 1868)
1 Dec 1851 - 3 Mar 1855 Linn Boyd Dem (b. 1800 - d. 1859)
2 Feb 1856 - 3 Mar 1857 Nathaniel P. Banks AP (b. 1816 - d. 1894)
7 Dec 1857 - 3 Mar 1859 James L. Orr Dem (b. 1822 - d. 1873)
1 Feb 1860 - 3 Mar 1861 William Pennington Rep (b. 1796 - d. 1862)
4 Jul 1861 - 3 Mar 1863 Galusha A. Grow Rep (b. 1823 - d. 1907)
7 Dec 1863 - 3 Mar 1869 Schuyler Colfax Rep (b. 1823 - d. 1885)
3 Mar 1869 Theodore M. Pomeroy Rep (b. 1824 - d. 1905)
4 Mar 1869 - 3 Mar 1875 James G. Blaine Rep (b. 1830 - d. 1893)
6 Dec 1875 - 19 Aug 1876 Michael C. Kerr Dem (b. 1827 - d. 1876)
4 Dec 1876 - 3 Mar 1881 Samuel J. Randall Dem (b. 1828 - d. 1890)
5 Dec 1881 - 3 Mar 1883 J. Warren Keifer Rep (b. 1836 - d. 1932)
3 Dec 1883 - 3 Mar 1889 John G. Carlisle Dem (b. 1835 - d. 1910)
2 Dec 1889 - 3 Mar 1891 Thomas B. Reed (1st time) Rep (b. 1839 - d. 1902)
7 Dec 1891 - 3 Mar 1895 Charles F. Crisp Dem (b. 1845 - d. 1896)
2 Dec 1895 - 3 Mar 1899 Thomas B. Reed (2nd time) Rep (s.a.)
4 Dec 1899 - 3 Mar 1903 David B. Henderson Rep (b. 1840 - d. 1906)
9 Nov 1903 - 3 Mar 1911 Joseph G. Cannon Rep (b. 1836 - d. 1926)
4 Apr 1911 - 3 Mar 1919 Champ Clark Dem (b. 1850 - d. 1921)
19 May 1919 - 3 Mar 1925 Frederick H. Gillett Rep (b. 1851 - d. 1935)
7 Dec 1925 - 3 Mar 1931 Nicholas Longworth Rep (b. 1869 - d. 1931)
7 Dec 1931 - 3 Mar 1933 John N. Garner Dem (b. 1868 - d. 1967)
9 Mar 1933 - 19 Aug 1934 Henry T. Rainey Dem (b. 1860 - d. 1934)
3 Jan 1935 - 4 Jun 1936 Joseph W. Byrns Dem (b. 1869 - d. 1936)
4 Jun 1936 - 15 Sep 1940 William B. Bankhead Dem (b. 1874 - d. 1940)
16 Sep 1940 - 3 Jan 1947 Sam Rayburn (1st time) Dem (b. 1882 - d. 1961)
3 Jan 1947 - 3 Jan 1949 Joseph W. Martin, Jr.
(1st time) Rep (b. 1884 - d. 1968)
3 Jan 1949 - 3 Jan 1953 Sam Rayburn (2nd time) Dem (s.a.)
3 Jan 1953 - 3 Jan 1955 Joseph W. Martin, Jr.
(2nd time) Rep (s.a.)
5 Jan 1955 - 16 Nov 1961 Sam Rayburn (3rd time) Dem (s.a.)
10 Jan 1962 - 3 Jan 1971 John W. McCormack Dem (b. 1891 - d. 1980)
21 Jan 1971 - 3 Jan 1977 Carl Albert Dem (b. 1908 - d. 2000)
4 Jan 1977 - 3 Jan 1987 Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr. Dem (b. 1912 - d. 1994)
6 Jan 1987 - 6 Jun 1989 Jim Wright Dem (b. 1922 - d. 2015)
6 Jun 1989 - 3 Jan 1995 Thomas S. Foley Dem (b. 1929 - d. 2013)
4 Jan 1995 - 3 Jan 1999 Newt Gingrich Rep (b. 1943)
6 Jan 1999 - 3 Jan 2007 Dennis Hastert Rep (b. 1942)
4 Jan 2007 - 3 Jan 2011 Nancy Pelosi (f) (1st time) Dem (b. 1940)
5 Jan 2011 - 29 Oct 2015 John Boehner Rep (b. 1949)
29 Oct 2015 - 3 Jan 2019 Paul Ryan Rep (b. 1970)
3 Jan 2019 - 3 Jan 2023 Nancy Pelosi (f) (2nd time) Dem (s.a.)
7 Jan 2023 - Kevin McCarthy Rep (b. 1965)
Party abbreviations: AP=American Party, Dem=Democratic, Jck=Jacksonian, Rep=Republican, Whg=Whig
24 Apr 1800 Library of Congress created Librarians of Congress 29 Jan 1802 - 8 Apr 1807 John J. Beckley (b. 1757 - d. 1807) 7 Nov 1807 - 28 Jan 1815 Patrick Magruder (b. 1768 - d. 1819) 21 Mar 1815 - 28 May 1829 George Watterston (b. 1783 - d. 1854) 28 May 1829 - 24 May 1861 John Silva Meehan (b. 1790 - d. 1863) 24 May 1861 - 31 Dec 1864 John G. Stephenson (b. 1828 - d. 1882) 31 Dec 1864 - 30 Jun 1897 Ainsworth Rand Spofford (b. 1825 - d. 1908) 30 Jun 1897 - 17 Jan 1899 John Russell Young (b. 1840 - d. 1899) 5 Apr 1899 - 1 Oct 1939 Herbert Putnam (b. 1861 - d. 1955) 2 Oct 1939 - 19 Dec 1944 Archibald MacLeish (b. 1892 - d. 1982) 30 Jun 1945 - 5 Jul 1953 Luther H. Evans (b. 1902 - d. 1981) 1 Sep 1954 - 31 Dec 1974 L. Quincy Mumford (b. 1903 - d. 1982) 12 Nov 1975 - 4 Aug 1987 Daniel J. Boorstin (b. 1914 - d. 2004) 14 Sep 1987 - 30 Sep 2015 James H. Billington (b. 1929 - d. 2018) 1 Oct 2015 - 14 Sep 2016 David Mao (acting) 14 Sep 2016 - Carla D. Hayden (f) (b. 1952)
1921 General Accounting Office
7 Jul 2004 renamed Government Accountability Office
Comptrollers General
1 Jul 1921 - 30 Jun 1936 John R. McCarl (b. 1879 - d. 1940)
11 Apr 1939 - 19 Jun 1940 Fred H. Brown (b. 1879 - d. 1955)
1 Nov 1940 - 30 Apr 1954 Lindsay C. Warren (b. 1889 - d. 1976)
14 Dec 1954 - 31 Jul 1965 Joseph Campbell (b. 1900 - d. 1984)
8 Mar 1966 - 4 Mar 1981 Elmer B. Staats (b. 1914 - d. 2011)
Sep 1981 - Sep 1996 Charles A. Bowsher (b. 1931 - d. 2022)
9 Nov 1998 - 13 Mar 2008 David M. Walker (b. 1951)
13 Mar 2008 - Gene L. Dodaro (b. 1951)
(acting to 22 Dec 2010)
Chairmen of the Democratic National Committee
1848 - 1852 Benjamin F. Hallett (b. 1797 - d. 1862)
1852 - 1856 Robert M. McLane (b. 1815 - d. 1898)
1856 - 1860 David A. Smalley (b. 1809 - d. 1877)
1860 - 1872 August Belmont (b. 1816 - d. 1890)
1872 - 1876 Augustus Schell (b. 1812 - d. 1884)
1876 - 1877 Abram Stevens Hewitt (b. 1822 - d. 1903)
1877 - 1889 William H. Barnum (b. 1818 - d. 1889)
1889 - 1892 Calvin Stewart Brice (b. 1845 - d. 1898)
1892 - 1896 William F. Harrity (b. 1850 - d. 1912)
1896 - 1904 James K. Jones (b. 1839 - d. 1908)
1904 - 1908 Thomas Taggart (b. 1856 - d. 1929)
1908 - 1912 Norman E. Mack (b. 1858 - d. 1932)
1912 - 1916 William F. McCombs (b. 1875 - d. 1921)
1916 - Feb 1919 Vance C. McCormick (b. 1872 - d. 1946)
Feb 1919 - 1920 Homer S. Cummings (b. 1870 - d. 1956)
1920 - 1921 George White (b. 1872 - d. 1953)
1921 - 1924 Cordell Hull (b. 1871 - d. 1955)
1924 - 1928 Clem L. Shaver (b. 1867 - d. 1954)
1928 - 1932 John J. Raskob (b. 1879 - d. 1950)
1932 - 1940 James A. Farley (b. 1888 - d. 1976)
1940 - 1943 Edward J. Flynn (b. 1892 - d. 1953)
1943 - Jan 1944 Frank C. Walker (b. 1886 - d. 1959)
Jan 1944 - Oct 1947 Robert E. Hannegan (b. 1903 - d. 1949)
Oct 1947 - Aug 1949 J. Howard McGrath (b. 1903 - d. 1966)
1949 - 1951 William M. Boyle, Jr. (b. 1903 - d. 1961)
1951 - 1952 Frank E. McKinney (b. 1904 - d. 1974)
1952 - 1955 Stephen A. Mitchell (b. 1903 - d. 1974)
1955 - Jul 1960 Paul M. Butler (b. 1905 - d. 1961)
Jul 1960 - 21 Jan 1961 Henry M. Jackson (b. 1912 - d. 1983)
21 Jan 1961 - 1968 John M. Bailey (b. 1904 - d. 1975)
1968 - 1969 Lawrence F. O'Brien (1st time) (b. 1917 - d. 1990)
1969 - 1970 Fred R. Harris (b. 1930)
1970 - 1972 Lawrence F. O'Brien (2nd time) (s.a.)
1972 Jean M. Westwood (f) (b. 1923 - d. 1997)
1972 - 21 Jan 1977 Robert S. Strauss (b. 1918 - d. 2014)
21 Jan 1977 - 27 Jan 1978 Kenneth M. Curtis (b. 1931)
27 Jan 1978 - 27 Feb 1981 John C. White (b. 1924 - d. 1995)
27 Feb 1981 - 1 Feb 1985 Charles T. Manatt (b. 1936 - d. 2011)
1 Feb 1985 - 10 Feb 1989 Paul G. Kirk, Jr. (b. 1938)
10 Feb 1989 - 21 Jan 1993 Ron Brown (b. 1941 - d. 1996)
21 Jan 1993 - 11 Nov 1994 David Wilhelm (b. 1956)
11 Nov 1994 - 21 Jan 1995 Debra DeLee (f) (b. 1948)
- National chairmen -
21 Jan 1995 - 21 Jan 1997 Donald L. Fowler (b. 1935 - d. 2020)
21 Jan 1997 - 20 Mar 1999 Steve Grossman (b. 1946)
20 Mar 1999 - 3 Feb 2001 Joe Andrew (b. 1960)
- General chairmen -
21 Jan 1995 - 21 Jan 1997 Chris Dodd (b. 1944)
21 Jan 1997 - 25 Sep 1999 Roy Romer (b. 1928)
25 Sep 1999 - 3 Feb 2001 Ed Rendell (b. 1944)
- Chairmen -
3 Feb 2001 - 12 Feb 2005 Terry McAuliffe (b. 1957)
12 Feb 2005 - 21 Jan 2009 Howard Dean (b. 1948)
21 Jan 2009 - 5 Apr 2011 Tim Kaine (b. 1958)
5 Apr 2011 - 4 May 2011 Donna Brazile (f) (1st time) (b. 1959)
(acting)
4 May 2011 - 28 Jul 2016 Debbie Wasserman Schultz (f) (b. 1966)
28 Jul 2016 - 25 Feb 2017 Donna Brazile (f) (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
25 Feb 2017 - 21 Jan 2021 Thomas Perez (b. 1961)
21 Jan 2021 - Jaime Harrison (b. 1976)
Chairmen of the Republican National Committee
1856 - 1864 Edwin D. Morgan (1st time) (b. 1811 - d. 1883)
1864 - 1866 Henry J. Raymond (b. 1820 - d. 1869)
1866 - 1868 Marcus L. Ward (b. 1812 - d. 1884)
1868 - 1872 William Claflin (b. 1818 - d. 1905)
1872 - 1876 Edwin D. Morgan (2nd time) (s.a.)
1876 - 1879 Zachariah Chandler (b. 1813 - d. 1879)
1879 - 1880 Donald Cameron (b. 1833 - d. 1918)
1880 - 1883 Marshall Jewell (b. 1825 - d. 1883)
1883 - 1884 Dwight M. Sabin (b. 1843 - d. 1902)
1884 - 1888 Benjamin Franklin Jones (b. 1824 - d. 1903)
1888 - 1891 Matthew S. Quay (b. 1833 - d. 1904)
1891 - 1892 James S. Clarkson (b. 1842 - d. 1918)
1892 - 1896 Thomas H. Carter (b. 1854 - d. 1911)
1896 - 15 Feb 1904 Marcus A. Hanna (b. 1837 - d. 1904)
15 Feb 1904 - 23 Jun 1904 Henry C. Payne (b. 1843 - d. 1904)
(acting to 20 Jun 1904)
23 Jun 1904 - 1907 George B. Cortelyou (b. 1862 - d. 1940)
1907 - 1908 Harry S. New (b. 1858 - d. 1937)
1908 - 1909 Frank H. Hitchcock (b. 1867 - d. 1935)
1910 - 1912 John F. Hill (b. 1855 - d. 1912)
1912 - 1916 Charles D. Hilles (b. 1867 - d. 1949)
1916 - 1918 William R. Willcox (b. 1863 - d. af.1939)
1918 - 1921 Will Hays (b. 1879 - d. 1954)
1921 - 1924 John T. Adams (b. 1862 - d. 1939)
1924 - 1928 William Butler (b. 1861 - d. 1937)
1928 - 1929 Hubert Work (b. 1860 - d. 1942)
1930 - 1932 Simeon D. Fess (b. 1861 - d. 1936)
1932 - 1934 Everett Sanders (b. 1882 - d. 1950)
1934 - 1936 Henry P. Fletcher (b. 1873 - d. 1959)
1936 - 1940 John D.M. Hamilton (b. 1892 - d. 1973)
1940 - 1942 Joseph W. Martin, Jr. (b. 1884 - d. 1968)
1942 - 1944 Harrison E. Spangler (b. 1879 - d. 1965)
1944 - 1946 Herbert Brownell, Jr. (b. 1904 - d. 1996)
1946 - 1948 Carroll Reece (b. 1889 - d. 1961)
1948 - 1949 Hugh D. Scott, Jr. (b. 1900 - d. 1994)
1949 - Jul 1952 Guy G. Gabrielson (b. 1891 - d. 1976)
Jul 1952 - Jan 1953 Arthur E. Summerfield (b. 1899 - d. 1972)
Jan 1953 - Mar 1953 Wesley Roberts (b. 1902 - d. 1975)
Apr 1953 - 1 Feb 1957 Leonard W. Hall (b. 1900 - d. 1979)
1 Feb 1957 - 1959 Meade Alcorn (b. 1907 - d. 1992)
1959 - Jun 1961 Thruston B. Morton (b. 1907 - d. 1982)
Jun 1961 - 1964 William E. Miller (b. 1914 - d. 1983)
1964 - 1 Apr 1965 Dean Burch (b. 1927 - d. 1991)
1 Apr 1965 - 1969 Ray Charles Bliss (b. 1907 - d. 1981)
1969 - 1971 Rogers C.B. Morton (b. 1914 - d. 1979)
1971 - 1973 Bob Dole (b. 1923 - d. 2021)
1973 - 1974 George Bush (b. 1924 - d. 2018)
1974 - 14 Jan 1977 Mary Louise Smith (f) (b. 1914 - d. 1997)
14 Jan 1977 - 17 Jan 1981 William E. Brock (b. 1930 - d. 2021)
17 Jan 1981 - 27 Jan 1983 Richard Richards (b. 1932 - d. 2015)
27 Jan 1983 - 18 Jan 1989 Frank J. Fahrenkopf, Jr. (b. 1939)
27 Jan 1983 - 23 Jan 1987 Paul Laxalt (general chairman) (b. 1922 - d. 2018)
18 Jan 1989 - 25 Jan 1991 Lee Atwater (b. 1951 - d. 1991)
25 Jan 1991 - 1 Feb 1992 Clayton K. Yeutter (b. 1930 - d. 2017)
1 Feb 1992 - 30 Jan 1993 Richard N. Bond (b. 1950)
30 Jan 1993 - 17 Jan 1997 Haley Barbour (b. 1947)
17 Jan 1997 - 18 Jan 2001 Jim Nicholson (b. 1938)
18 Jan 2001 - 18 Jan 2002 Jim Gilmore (b. 1949)
18 Jan 2002 - 25 Jul 2003 Marc Racicot (b. 1948)
25 Jul 2003 - 19 Jan 2005 Ed Gillespie (b. 1962)
19 Jan 2005 - 19 Jan 2007 Ken Mehlman (b. 1967)
19 Jan 2007 - 30 Jan 2009 Mike Duncan (b. 1951)
19 Jan 2007 - 19 Oct 2007 Mel Martinez (general chairman) (b. 1946)
30 Jan 2009 - 14 Jan 2011 Michael Steele (b. 1958)
14 Jan 2011 - 19 Jan 2017 Reince Priebus (b. 1972)
19 Jan 2017 - Ronna Romney McDaniel (f) (b. 1973)
General master workmen
1878 - Sep 1879 Uriah S. Stephens (b. 1821 - d. 1882)
Sep 1879 - 1 Dec 1893 Terence V. Powderly (b. 1849 - d. 1924)
1 Dec 1893 - 12 Nov 1897 James R. Sovereign (b. 1854 - d. 1928)
12 Nov 1897 - 19 Nov 1898 Henry A. Hicks (b. 1852? - d. 19...)
19 Nov 1898 - 1901 John N. Parsons (b. 1856? - d. 1930)
1902 - 1917 John W. Hayes (b. 1854 - d. 1942)
8 Dec 1886 American Federation of Labor (AFL) founded 9 Nov 1935 Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO) founded 16 Nov 1938 CIO renamed Congress of Industrial Organizations 5 Dec 1955 AFL and CIO united as AFL-CIO
Presidents 8 Dec 1886 - 17 Dec 1894 Samuel Gompers (1st time) (b. 1850 - d. 1924) 17 Dec 1894 - 14 Dec 1895 John McBride (b. 1854 - d. 1917) 14 Dec 1895 - 13 Dec 1924 Samuel Gompers (2nd time) (s.a.) 19 Dec 1924 - 21 Nov 1952 William Green (b. 1873 - d. 1952) 25 Nov 1952 - 5 Dec 1955 George Meany (b. 1894 - d. 1980)
Presidents 9 Nov 1935 - 22 Nov 1940 John L. Lewis (b. 1880 - d. 1969) 22 Nov 1940 - 9 Nov 1952 Philip Murray (b. 1886 - d. 1952) 4 Dec 1952 - 5 Dec 1955 Walter P. Reuther (b. 1907 - d. 1970)
Presidents
5 Dec 1955 - 15 Nov 1979 George Meany (s.a.)
19 Nov 1979 - 1 Aug 1995 Lane Kirkland (b. 1922 - d. 1999)
1 Aug 1995 - 25 Oct 1995 Thomas R. Donahue (b. 1928 - d. 2023)
25 Oct 1995 - 16 Sep 2009 John Sweeney (b. 1934 - d. 2021)
16 Sep 2009 - 5 Aug 2021 Richard L. Trumka (b. 1949 - d. 2021)
5 Aug 2021 - Liz Shuler (f) (b. 1970)
(acting to 20 Aug 2021)
Chairs 27 Sep 2005 - 30 Sep 2010 Anna Burger (f) (b. 1950) 30 Sep 2010 - Aug 2013 Joseph T. Hansen Aug 2013 - James P. Hoffa (b. 1941)
Presidents
1890 - 1891 John B. Rae
1892 - 1894 John McBride
1895 - 1896 Phil Penna
1897 - 1898 Michael Ratchford
1898 - 1907 John Mitchell
1908 - 1910 T.L. Lewis
1911 - 1917 John P. White (b. 1870? - d. 1934)
1917 - 1919 Frank J. Hayes (b. 1882 - d. 1948)
1920 - 14 Jan 1960 John L. Lewis (b. 1880 - d. 1969)
14 Jan 1960 - 19 Jan 1963 Thomas Kennedy (b. 1887 - d. 1963)
19 Jan 1963 - 18 Dec 1972 Tony Boyle (b. 1904 - d. 1985)
18 Dec 1972 - 22 Dec 1972 Leonard J. Pnakovich (acting)
22 Dec 1972 - 16 Nov 1979 Arnold R. Miller (b. 1923 - d. 1985)
16 Nov 1979 - 22 Dec 1982 Samuel Church (b. 1936 - d. 2009)
22 Dec 1982 - 22 Dec 1995 Richard L. Trumka (b. 1949 - d. 2021)
22 Dec 1995 - Cecil E. Roberts (b. 1946)
26 Aug 1935 United Automobile Workers of America (UAW) founded
1941 renamed United Automobile, Aircraft and Agricultural
Implement Workers of America
1962 renamed United Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural
Implement Workers of America: International Union
Presidents
26 Aug 1935 - Jul 1936 Francis Dillon
Jul 1936 - 1939 Homer Martin
1939 - 1946 R.J. Thomas
1946 - 9 May 1970 Walter P. Reuther (b. 1907 - d. 1970)
1970 - 1977 Leonard Woodcock (b. 1911 - d. 2001)
1977 - 1983 Douglas Fraser (b. 1916 - d. 2008)
1983 - 1995 Owen Bieber (b. 1929 - d. 2020)
Jun 1995 - 6 Jun 2002 Stephen P. Yokich (b. 1935 - d. 2002)
6 Jun 2002 - 16 Jun 2010 Ron Gettelfinger (b. 1944)
16 Jun 2010 - 4 Jun 2014 Bob King (b. 1946)
4 Jun 2014 - 14 Jun 2018 Dennis Williams (b. 1953)
14 Jun 2018 - 20 Nov 2019 Gary Jones
20 Nov 2019 - 30 Jun 2021 Rory Gamble (acting to 5 Dec 2019) (b. 1955)
1 Jul 2021 - Ray Curry (b. 1965?)
14 Apr 2005 United Steel Workers of America (USWA) merge with Paper,
Allied-Industrial, Chemical and Energy Workers International
Union (PACE) to form United Steel, Paper and Forestry, Rubber,
Manufacturing, Energy, Allied Industrial and Service Workers
International Union (USW)
Presidents
1942 - 9 Nov 1952 Philip Murray (b. 1886 - d. 1952)
1952 - 1965 David J. McDonald (b. 1902 - d. 1979)
1965 - 1977 I.W. Abel (b. 1908 - d. 1987)
1977 - 6 Nov 1983 Lloyd McBride (b. 1916 - d. 1983)
17 Nov 1983 - 1994 Lynn R. Williams (b. 1924 - d. 2014)
(acting to 29 Mar 1984)
1 Mar 1994 - 28 Feb 2001 George F. Becker (b. 1928 - d. 2007)
28 Feb 2001 - 15 Jul 2019 Leo W. Gerard (b. 1947)
15 Jul 2019 - Thomas M. Conway
1903 International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs,
Stablemen and Helpers of America founded
1940 renamed International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs,
Warehousemen and Helpers of America
Presidents
1903 - 1907 Cornelius Shea
1907 - 1952 Daniel J. Tobin (b. 1875 - d. 1955)
1952 - 4 Oct 1957 Dave Beck (b. 1894 - d. 1993)
4 Oct 1957 - 1971 Jimmy Hoffa (b. 1913 - d. 1975?)
1971 - 1981 Frank Fitzsimmons (b. 1908 - d. 1981)
1981 - 1983 Roy Williams (b. 1915 - d. 1989)
1983 - 1988 Jackie Presser (b. 1926 - d. 1988)
1988 - 1992 Bill McCarthy (b. 1919 - d. 1998)
1 Feb 1992 - 1998 Ron Carey (b. 1936 - d. 2008)
19 Mar 1999 - 22 Mar 2022 James P. Hoffa (b. 1941)
22 Mar 2022 - Sean O'Brien
Presidents
1896 - 1900 Owen Miller
1900 - 1914 Joseph N. Weber (1st time)
1914 - 1915 Frank Carothers
1915 - 15 Jun 1940 Joseph N. Weber (2nd time)
15 Jun 1940 - 1958 James C. Petrillo (b. 1892 - d. 1984)
1958 - 1970 Herman Kenin
1970 - 1978 Hal Davis
1978 - 1987 Victor Fuentealba (b. 1922)
1987 - 1991 J. Martin Emerson
1991 - 1995 Mark Massagli
1995 - 2001 Steve Young
2001 - Jun 2010 Tom Lee
Jun 2010 - Ray Hair
1937 International Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's Union
1997 International Longshore and Warehouse Union
Presidents
1937 - 1977 Harry Bridges (b. 1901 - d. 1990)
1977 - 1991 Jimmy Herman
1991 - 1994 David Arian
1994 - 2000 Brian McWilliams
Jul 2000 - 2006 James Spinosa (b. 1940)
2006 - Nov 2018 Robert McEllrath (b. 1951)
Nov 2018 - William E. Adams (b. 1957?)
Presidents
Nov 1891 - Nov 1893 Henry Miller (b. 1858 - d. 1896)
Nov 1893 - 1894 Queren Jansen
1894 - 1897 H.W. Sherman
1897 - 1899 J.H. Maloney
1899 - 1901 Thomas Wheeler
1901 - 1903 W.A. Jackson
1903 - 1919 F.J. McNulty
1919 - 1929 J.P. Noonan
1929 - 1933 H.H. Broach
1933 - 1940 Dan Tracy (1st time) (b. 1886? - d. 1955)
1940 - 1947 Ed J. Brown
1947 - 15 Apr 1954 Dan Tracy (2nd time) (s.a.)
15 Apr 1954 - 20 Jul 1955 J. Scott Milne (b. 1898? - d. 1955)
1955 - 1968 Gordon M. Freeman
1968 - 1986 Charles H. Pillard (b. 1918 - d. 1999)
25 Aug 1986 - 29 Jan 2001 John J. Barry (b. 1924 - d. 2005)
29 Jan 2001 - 1 Jun 2015 Edwin D. Hill (b. 1937)
1 Jun 2015 - 4 Jan 2023 Lonnie R. Stephenson (b. 1956?)
4 Jan 2023 - Kenneth W. Cooper
1891 Hotel Employees and Restaurant Employees International Union
(HERE) founded
1900 International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU) founded
26 Dec 1914 Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America (ACWA) founded
25 May 1939 Textile Workers Union of America (TWUA) founded
1976 ACWA and TWUA united as Amalgamated Clothing and
Textile Workers Union (ACTWU)
Jul 1995 ILGWU and ACTWU united as Union of Needletrades, Industrial
and Textile Employees (UNITE)
9 Jul 2004 UNITE and HERE merged to form UNITE HERE
Presidents
1901 - 1903 Herman Grossman (1st time)
1903 - 1904 Benjamin Schlesinger (1st time) (b. 1876 - d. 1932)
1904 - 1905 James McCauley
1905 - 1907 Herman Grossman (2nd time)
1907 - 1908 Mortimer Julian
1908 Charles Jacobson (acting)
1908 - 1914 Abraham Rosenberg
1914 - 1923 Benjamin Schlesinger (2nd time) (s.a.)
1923 Salvatore Ninfo (acting) (b. 1883 - d. 1960)
1923 - 1928 Morris Sigman (b. 1880 - d. 1931)
1928 - 1932 Benjamin Schlesinger (3rd time) (s.a.)
1932 - 1966 David Dubinsky (b. 1892 - d. 1982)
1966 - 1975 Louis Stulberg (b. 1901 - d. 1977)
1975 - 1986 Sol C. Chaikin (b. 1918 - d. 1991)
1986 - Jul 1995 Jay Mazur (b. 1932)
Presidents
26 Dec 1914 - 10 Jul 1946 Sidney Hillman (b. 1887 - d. 1946)
1946 - 1972 Jacob Potofsky (b. 1894 - d. 1979)
1972 - 1976 Murray Finley (b. 1922 - d. 1995)
Presidents
25 May 1939 - 1956 Emil Rieve (b. 1892 - d. 1975)
1956 - 1972 William Pollock (b. 1899 - d. 1982)
1972 - 1976 Sol Stetin (b. 1910 - d. 2005)
Presidents
1976 - 1987 Murray Finley (s.a.)
1987 - 1995 Jack Sheinkman (b. 1926 - d. 2004)
Presidents Jul 1995 - 1 Jul 2001 Jay Mazur (s.a.) 1 Jul 2001 - 9 Jul 2004 Bruce Raynor (b. 1950)
Secretary
1899 - 1928 Jere L. Sullivan
Presidents
1911 - 1945 Edward Flore (b. 1877 - d. 1945)
1945 - 1954 Hugo Ernst
1954 - 1973 Ed S. Miller
1973 - 31 Jul 1998 Edward T. Hanley (b. 1932 - d. 2000)
1 Aug 1998 - 9 Jul 2004 John W. Wilhelm (b. 1945?)
General president 9 Jul 2004 - 2009 Bruce Raynor (s.a.) Presidents 30 Jun 2009 - 29 Nov 2012 John W. Wilhelm (s.a.) 29 Nov 2012 - D. Taylor (b. 1957?)
Nov 1938 National Federation of Telephone Workers founded
Jun 1947 renamed Communications Workers of America (CWA)
Presidents
1938 - 1942 Paul E. Griffith
1942 - Jul 1974 Joseph A. Beirne (b. 1911 - d. 1974)
Jul 1974 - 16 Jul 1985 Glenn E. Watts (b. 1920 - d. 2002)
16 Jul 1985 - 30 Aug 2005 Morton Bahr (b. 1926 - d. 2019)
30 Aug 2005 - 8 Jun 2015 Larry Cohen (b. 1949?)
8 Jun 2015 - Christopher M. Shelton
1962 National Farm Workers Association
1966 united with Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee
as United Farm Workers Organizing Committee
1971 United Farm Workers
Presidents
1962 - 23 Apr 1993 Cesar Chavez (b. 1927 - d. 1993)
3 May 1993 - 20 Dec 2018 Arturo Rodriguez (b. 1949)
20 Dec 2018 - Teresa Romero (f) (b. 1958)
Presidents
1921 - 16 Feb 1927 William Quesse (b. 1878 - d. 1927)
Feb 1927 - 1928 Oscar Nelson
1928 - 27 Apr 1937 Jerry Horan (b. ... - d. 1937)
1937 - 1940 George Scalise
1940 - 1960 William McFetridge (b. 1893 - d. 1969)
1960 - 1971 David Sullivan (b. 1904 - d. 1976)
1971 - 1980 George Hardy (b. 1911 - d. 1990)
1980 - 12 Dec 1995 John Sweeney (b. 1934 - d. 2021)
12 Dec 1995 - Apr 1996 Richard Cordtz (b. 1921 - d. 2006)
Apr 1996 - 8 May 2010 Andy Stern (b. 1950)
8 May 2010 - Mary Kay Henry (f) (b. 1957?)