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1 THEN Jesus was led by the spirit into the desert, to be tempted by the devil. 2 And when he had fasted forty days and forty nights, afterwards he was hungry. 3 And the tempter coming said to him: If you be the Son of God, command that these stones be made bread. 4 Who answered and said: It is written, Not in bread alone does man live, but in every word that proceeds from the mouth of God. (Deut. 8:3)
Jesus is tempted a second time
5 Then the devil took him up into the holy city, and set him upon the pinnacle of the temple, 6 And said to him: If you be the Son of God, cast yourself down, for it is written: That he has given his angels charge over you, and in their hands shall they bear you up, lest perhaps you dash your foot against a stone. (Ps. 91:11-12) 7 Jesus said to him: It is written again: You shall not tempt the Lord your God. (Deut. 6:16)
The devil tempts Jesus a third time
8 Again the devil took him up into a very high mountain, and showed him all the kingdoms of the world, and the glory of them, 9 And said to him: All these will I give you, if falling down you will adore me. 10 Then Jesus said to him: Begone, Satan: for it is written, The Lord your God shall you adore, and him only shall you serve. (Deut. 6:13) 11 Then the devil left him; and behold angels came and ministered to him.
Ministry in Galilee
13 And leaving the city Nazareth, he came and dwelt in Capharnaum on the sea coast, in the borders of Zabulon and Nephthalim; 14 That it might be fulfilled which was said by Isaiah the prophet: 15 Land of Zabulon and land of Nephthalim, the way of the sea beyond the Jordan, Galilee of the Gentiles: 16 The people that sat in darkness, has seen great light: and to them that sat in the region of the shadow of death, light is sprung up. (Is. 9:1-2) 17 From that time Jesus began to preach, and to say: Do penance, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand.
18 And Jesus walking by the sea of Galilee, saw two brethren, Simon who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother, casting a net into the sea (for they were fishers). 19 And he said to them: Come after me, and I will make you to be fishers of men. 20 And they immediately leaving their nets, followed him. 21 And going on from there, he saw other two brethren, James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother, in a ship with Zebedee their father, mending their nets: and he called them. 22 And they forthwith left their nets and father, and followed him.
23 And Jesus went about all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom: and healing all manner of sickness and every infirmity, among the people.
Occasion of the Sermon
24 And his fame went throughout all Syria, and they presented to him all sick people that were taken with divers diseases and torments, and such as were possessed by demons, and lunatics, and those that had palsy, and he cured them: 25 And much people followed him from Galilee, and from Decapolis, and from Jerusalem, and from Judea, and from beyond the Jordan.
Gospel Harmony on Matthew 4
The first temptation
(Matthew 4:1-11 Mark 1:12-13 Luke 4:1-13) This whole narrative is given also in a similar manner by Luke, although not in the same order. And this makes it uncertain which of the two latter temptations took place first: whether it was that the kingdoms of the world were shown Him first, and then that He Himself was taken up to the pinnacle of the temple thereafter; or whether it was that this latter act occurred first, and that the other scene followed it. It is, however, a matter of no real consequence, provided it be clear that all these incidents did take place. And as Luke sets forth the same events and ideas in different words, attention need not ever be called to the fact that no loss results thereby to truth. Mark, again, does indeed attest the fact that He was tempted of the devil in the wilderness for forty days and forty nights; but he gives no statement of what was said to Him, or of the replies He made. At the same time, he does not fail to notice the circumstance which is omitted by Luke, namely, that the angels ministered unto Him.(Mark 1:12-13; Lk 4:1-13) John, however, has left out this whole passage). (St. Augustine Harmony of the Gospels 2.16) Imprisonment of John the Baptist
(Matt 4:12 Mark 1:14 Luke 3:19 John 3:24)
Matthew then proceeds with his narrative in the following terms: “For Herod laid hold on John, and bound him, and put him in prison for Herodias’ sake, his brother’s wife;” and so on, down to the words, “And his disciples came and took up the body, and buried it, and went and told Jesus.” Mark gives this narrative in similar terms. Luke, on the other hand, does not relate it in the same succession, but introduces it in connection with his statement of the baptism wherewith the Lord was baptized. Hence we are to understand him to have acted by anticipation here, and to have taken the opportunity of recording at this point an event which took place actually a considerable period later. For he has first reported those words which Jn spake with regard to the Lord—namely, that “His fan is in His hand, and that He will thoroughly purge His floor, and will gather the wheat into His garner; but the chaff He will burn up with fire unquenchable;” and immediately thereafter he has appended his statement of an incident which the evangelist Jn demonstrates not to have taken place in direct historical sequence. For this latter writer mentions that, after Jesus had been baptized, He went into Galilee at the period when He turned the water into wine; and that, after a sojourn of a few days in Capharnaum, He left that district and returned to the land of Judaea, and there baptized a multitude about the Jordan, previous to the time when John was imprisoned. Now what reader, unless he were all the better versed in these writings, would not take it to be implied here that it was after the utterance of the words with regard to the fan and the purged floor that Herod became incensed against John, and cast him into prison? Yet, that the incident referred to here did not, as matter of fact, occur in the order in which it is here recorded, we have already shown elsewhere; and, indeed, Luke himself puts the proof into our hands. For if [he had meant that] John’s incarceration took place immediately after the utterance of those words, then what are we to make of the fact that in Luke’s own narrative the baptism of Jesus is introduced subsequently to his notice of the imprisonment of John? Consequently it is manifest that, recalling the circumstance in connection with the present occasion, he has brought it in here by anticipation, and has thus inserted it in his history at a point antecedent to a number of incidents, of which it was his purpose to leave us some record, and which, in point of time, were antecedent to this mishap that befell John. But it is as little the case that the other two evangelists, Matthew and Mark, have placed the fact of John’s imprisonment in that position in their narratives which, as is apparent also froth their own writings, belonged to it in the actual order of events. For they, too, have told us how it was on John’s being cast into prison that the Lord went into Galilee; and then, after [relating] a number of things which He did in Galilee, they come to Herod’s admonition or doubt as to the rising again from the dead of that Jn whom he beheaded; and in connection with this latter occasion, they give us the story of all that occurred in the matter of John’s incarceration and death. (St. Augustine Harmony of the Gospels 2.44)
Ministry in Galilee (Matt 4:13-17 Mark 1:14-15 Luke 4:14-15 John 4:43-46)
John relates in his Gospel the calling of Peter, Andrew, and Nathanael, and the miracle of Cana, before Jesus’ departure into Galilee; all these things the other Evangelists have omitted, carrying on the thread of their narrative with Jesus’ return into Galilee. We must understand then that some days intervened, during which the things took place concerning the calling of the disciples which John relates. (St. Augustine Harmony of the Gospels 2.)
Jesus came to Nazareth, says Luke, where He had been brought up, and there entering into the synagogue, He read and spoke many things, for which they sought to throw Him down from the rock, and thence He went to Capernaum; for which Matthew has only, “And leaving the town of Nazareth, He came and dwelt at Capernaum.” (Glossa Ordinaria)
The first disciples called
(Matt 4:18-22 Mark 1:16-20 Luke 5:1-11 John 1:35-51) It might move enquiry, why John relates that near Jordan, not in Galilee, Andrew followed the Lord with another whose name he does not mention; and again, that Peter received that name from the Lord. Whereas the other three Evangelists write that they were called from their fishing, sufficiently agreeing with one another, especially Matthew and Mark; Luke not naming Andrew, who is however understood to have been in the same vessel with him. There is a further seeming discrepancy, that in Luke it is to Peter only that it is said, “Henceforth thou shall catch men;” Matthew and Mark write that is was said to both. As to the different account in John, it should be carefully considered, and it will be found that it is a different time, place, and calling that is there spoken of. For Peter and Andrew had not so seen Jesus at the Jordan that they adhered inseparably ever after, but so as only to have known who He was, and wondering at Him to have gone their way. Perhaps he is returning back to something he had omitted, for he proceeds without marking any difference of time, “As he walked by the sea of Galilee. It may be further asked, how Matthew and Mark relate that He called them separately two and two, when Luke relates that James and John being partners of Peter were called as it were to aid him, and bringing their boats to land followed Christ. We may then understand that the narrative of Luke relates to a prior time, after which they returned to their fishing as usual. For it had not been said to Peter that he should no more catch fish, as he did do so again after the resurrection, but that he “should catch men.” Again, at a time after this happened that call of which Matthew and Mark speak; for they draw their ships to land to follow Him, not as careful to return again, but only anxious to follow Him when He bids them. (St. Augustine Harmony of the Gospels 2.17) Bible Cross References
1: about the year A.M. 4435[the year of the world 4435], about the year A.D. 31.; Mark i. 12., Luke iv. 1. 4: Deuteronomy viii. 3.; Luke iv. 4. 6: Psalm xc. 11. 7: Deuteronomy vi. 16. 10: Deuteronomy vi. 13. 12: Mark i. 14.; Luke iv. 14.; John iv. 43. 15: Isaias lx. 1. 17: Mark i. 15. 18: Mark i. 16.; Luke v. 2. 25: Mark iii. 7.; Luke vi. 17. |